Chii zvakaoma mafuta akatengesa muRussia? Production uye kutengesa mafuta

Mafuta mumwe mhando aina pakugadzira zvinhu, pazororo iri Russian uye munyika yose upfumi basa rinokosha gumi apfuura. Chii zvakaoma mafuta akatengesa muRussia?

nhoroondo mashoko

Kunyange kare vanhu vaiziva nezve ehupfumi mafuta. It ikaunganidzwa kubva mvura pose kana pasi pemvura. Asi yakashandiswa zvikuru. Muzana remakore rechi19, apo yakagadzirwa kuti eparafini rambi, kudiwa mbishi zvinhu ichi yakawedzera zvinooneka. Panguva iyoyo akatanga kuva nzira matsime kuchera mafuta gasi idzodzo dzenyika nechepasi. Pashure Panovhurwa magetsi kudiwa shoma mumafuta.

Zvisinei, mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, yakanga yakagadzirwa iine womukati injini, iro sehofisi riwedzere kuti kukura Automotive indasitiri. Pakutanga, kutenga motokari nezvaaigona chete vapfumi vanhu, asi zvino ivo vakava iripo zvinenge zvikamu zvose vemo. Panyaya iyi, rinooneka vakawedzera kwokudiwa peturu zvigadzirwa. Nanhasi, mafuta anokosha dzinongoitika chigadzirwa, sezvo rinopa mukana sangano dzevanhu munyika, mhepo kana mvura.

Oil Kugadzirwa muRussia

MuRussia ano, taona vachiwana kuwedzera oiri kubva 2000, asi mumakore 5 apfuura, mwero rave seiyi zvishoma, uye kunyange vakawira zvishoma muna 2008.

Kubvira 2010, oiri kwapfuura nokuda pamwero matani mamiriyoni 500 pagore pamusoro. Uye nanhasi hune pamusoro pamatanda ichi. Maviri akatevedzana, kureva 2009 uye 2010, Russia rakava yokutanga oiri yose. Asi kare muna 2011 rokutanga indasitiri yava Saudi Arabia.

Russian Federation - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vechikamu yose upfumi. Mugove Russian kwakafumuka mafuta kurimwa munyika kunopfuura 12%. Oil ekisipoti rinoitwa zvose Europe uye inoti iri Asia-Pacific nharaunda.

In nyika yedu, kugadzirwa mafuta anoiswa kunze vertically revatema makambani. Total unoshanda 9 makuru akaitwa. Ivo vaite dzokubudisa anopfuura 90% yose mafuta munyika. Svikiro uye mafuta duku vaburitsi zvakawanda - kune anenge 150. Hurumende kambani "Gazprom" anoita oiri anenge 2,5% vose pakugadzira zvinhu, nepo aitungamirira basa rakapiwa kuzvimirira mabhizimisi panyaya iyi.

Chii chinorehwa wehunyambiri kusangana? Kana isu fungidzira yose kutenderera oiri uye kubudiswa mbishi zvinhu muchimiro nengetani, ipapo mubatanidzwa Links izvi zvichakurukurwa revatema. Process urongwa huri sezvinotevera:

• mafuta ubanguranyika, kuchera, munda kukura kwezvivako;
• mafuta dzokubudisa uye kutakurwa mbishi nezvinhu vakawana:
• Petroleum zvigadzirwa zvavo kutakura;
• Kutengeswa epetroleum zvigadzirwa (Marketing).

Michina iyi inobvumira chidziro kuzadzisa zvinoverengeka zvakanakira pamusoro vakwikwidzi yaro:

• avimbiswa nerubatsiro yakatsvuka zvinhu uye kumusika epetroleum zvigadzirwa;
• Sezvineiwo kunoderedza ngozi chokuita nokuchinja pamusika mamiriro;
• optimized kugadzirwa.

Enterprise "Rosneft" uye "Lukoil" ndivo vatungamiriri Mhedziso munyika yedu, muna oiri.

General mashoko oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo

Properties mafuta iro zvikaramba dzakasiyana okunze dzinodengenyeka, akasiyana zvikuru. By tsanangudzo, mafuta - mamiriro viscous jikichira mvura ane dema ruvara rakadzika. Asi ichi hachisi nguva dzose zvazviri. Ruvara "ndarama dema" ane gradations zhinji - kubva yero mashava kuti dema uye yakajeka.

Marongerwo utsotso tembiricha zvakare shanduka. Kune akasiyana izvo zvigare pakati bhendi ezvinhu zhizha, apo vamwe varambe emura kunyange panguva yakaderera chaizvo tembiricha.

Mushure mafuta zvikaramba kubva mutsime, inofanira kuendeswa kuna kugadzira nzvimbo.

Saka chii muchiso nemafuta akatengesa Russian uye zvakadini pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai?

In nyika yedu unobereka uye kunze kwenyika 7 mamakisi mafuta, apo munyika izvo kune vanopfuura 20. The chikuru ekisipoti siyana ndiyo Urals. Mari nomumwe chaiyo muchiso iri pakutsvaga dhisikaundi kana shoma chokuita zvechinguvana inotakura. Zvikurukuru ichi muri Brent, WTI, Middle East Crude.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro simba pamusoro mitengo nokuda Brent, mumakore 3 years zviri yekudyidzana akawa 120 kusvika 38 madhora muzana dhiramu. To musi, mutengo wayo anoramba kumativi 40 madhora.

Urals

siyana ichi ane kupfuura mugove kunze kwenyika mafuta Russian - 55%.

Urals mafuta akaonekwa mumusika nyika iri '70s.

cultivar uyu mukuru nesurferi tsvina. Urals achiumbwa kutakurwa mbishi zvinhu kuburikidza Mapaipi, "Transneft" emakambani kubva kuminda riri Urals, iyo Volga nharaunda uye Western kuSiberia.

Urals mafuta ekisipoti kuburikidza nerubatsiro "Druzhba" Mapaipi kuna Europe. Also aivigirwa kuburikidza zvengarava zviri kuBaltic Sea (Ust-Luga uye Primorsk) uye Black (Novorossiysk) makungwa. The jogirafi pamusoro vazvo ipfupi chaizvo, saka, siyana ichi hazvigoni kuva priori kuva chiratidzo.

Urals dhisikaundi uwandu kunotemwa in 1% hama kuna Brent.

Chii muchiso anotengesa mafuta Russian, kuwedzera kune Urals?

Rebco

Zita kirasi rinoumbwa tsamba yokutanga Russian Export zvainoitawo Crude Oil. Chaizvoizvo, zviri zvakafanana Urals, riri uchakumikidzwa vachishandisa Primorsk. Mashoko ari mutengo pakutsvaga munhu dhisikaundi kuti 1,3% pachinhu Brent. Nhumbi pamusoro chinhu Exchange mu New York. Export mugove munyika yose vhoriyamu anenge 25%.

SiberianLight

Zviri kupiswa chiedza zvinhu.

Production ari Khanty-Mansi zvionera Area.

Yaitakurwa Mapaipi kambani "Transneft" umo hwakakanyiwa Volga uye mafuta Ural, zvichiguma Urals. Zvisinei, chete chidimbu chiduku kuWest Siberian mafuta mhindu sezvo yakazvimirira muchiso. Kunyanya anoshanda kuburikidza chengarava Tuapse.

Price Siberian Light kwakafumuka mafuta chinorondedzerwa ne 0.5% dhisikaundi kuna Brent mutengo.

Sokol

High Sakhalin mafuta yakaderera nesurferi kugutsikana. Mutengo Brent kwakafumuka mafuta dererei pane Sokol. Mari vagara vandifungira chinamatidzwa pamusoro 7.5% kusvika siyana Dubai. Production rinoitwa mu yechinangwa pamwero mukuru chirongwa "Sakhalin-1". Aivigirwa kuburikidza n. DeKastri iri Khabarovsk mudunhu.

Vityaz

Brand mafuta anobudiswa Russia ndiyewo pachitsuwa Sakhalin, sezvo Sokol. Mari vakadaro anosungwa kuna Dubai muchiso. Arasikirwe mafuta Vityaz akatsunga Dubai shoma mugiredhi 6%. Aivigirwa kuburikidza N Prigorodnoe Sakhalin nharaunda..

Espo

Russian zvakaoma mafuta zvakaenda ESPO ichangopfuura.

The siyana raakange atumidzwa nokuti yaitakurwa chete zita ESPO Mapaipi ( "Eastern kuSiberia - Pacific Ocean" kana «East Siberia - Pacific Ocean»). The chirongwa kuvaka Mapaipi izvi zvinovimbisa zvikuru sezvo kunosanganisira nerubatsiro "ndarama dema" kuna China uye Asia-Pacific nharaunda.

muchiso ichi chemafuta anogadzirwa kuRussia, musanganiswa mbishi zvokuvakisa minda siyana kuti vari kutoshanda. Unhu Its hunopfuura nokure zvose anozivikanwa Urals kugiredhi.

Mari vagara vandifungira chinamatidzwa pamusoro 3.5% kusvika Dubai Crude.

arch

siyana ichi anogadzirwa kweArctic munda "Prirazlomnoe", riri mu muGungwa Pechora. Ndiyo chete nemarudzi adzo munyika pemvura munda, uko kukura rinoitwa muna 60-kiromita kure kubva kumahombekombe mapazi pamusoro mira papuratifomu. With pasherefu zvikaramba mafuta matani anopfuura mamiriyoni 70.

Mutengo Brent kwakafumuka mafuta dererei pane arch.

On nharaunda nyika yedu unobereka mhando dzakawanda mafuta. Zvisinei, 7 chete mhindu kuna Brent musoro. Chii muchiso anotengesa mafuta Russian pamusoro dzakawanda dzaishandiswa Exchange? The huru mhando ndiyo aina Urals uye Rebco. mugove wavo aina kupfuura 2/3 yacho yose vhoriyamu. Also aivigirwa mhando Vityaz, arch, Sokol, Siberian Chiedza ESPO. The vaizotibata kupfuura ndiye ESPO siyana nokukurumidza kuti aigona kuva chiratidzo nokuti vazvo ayo akaita mudunhu Asian.