Chii zvinofananidzira mune mabhuku. Kubvira kare nanhasi

Zvinofananidzira (ἀλληγορία) - iri ane zvinoyevedza unyanzvi, izvo anobvumira kuratidza husingaoneki pfungwa kubudikidza mufananidzo. Dimikira iri rondedzero ndimi akaonekwa kare mabhuku mupfungwa ayo ano. Muzvitendero zvose uye zvinotendwa rakaitwa kuti personify masimba. Mumwe chinhu aiva musimboti wayo - mwari. Kuburikidza ndeyokufananidzira rinonzi Iliad, kuti Odyssey, Epic pamusoro Keret, rokuBhabhironi Gilgamesh, twunomirira uye vamwe. Mumadimikira akapa rondedzero expressiveness uye zvakajeka.

Chii zvinofananidzira mumabhuku achiri Danho, kuonekwa muvhangeri. Vadzidzi Kristu - vehove vasina kudzidza uye mhizha vari kure nokure pfungwa. Kuti ibudise kwavari musimboti dzidziso, Jesu anoshandisa mufananidzo chimiro, kuwanika nenzira inonzwisisika: mufudzi, makwai, mudyari.

In yekare uri zvacho Greek rikabudirira ipapa uye ainyanya ari anozviita vanhu vakadzidza. Pano ndeyokufananidzira mharidzo mashoko zvinotora artistry. Chii zvinofananidzira mune mabhuku kare nguva unogona kuonekwa muenzaniso Aesop kuti ngano. Achishandisa fananidzo vanhu nemhuka, ngano munyori muchidimbu chimwe hunhu chikanganiso kuti muboka yose akafanana uye panguva imwe chete vachiseka zvikabva, izvozvo inoderedza kusvikira mhuka pamwero. Uye panguva imwecheteyo zvishoma Masiki pachake kurwisa, nokudaro tichidzivisa yakazaruka kunetsana.

Middle Ages. Europe anogara pasi zvisingatsungiririki kudzvinyirirwa Raibvunzurudza, kutaura pfungwa ngozi pachena. Pano basa racho kuti abudise pfungwa ari kutarisana chimiro, nekusiyana - kuti tivhare, kuti asvike chete negandanga. mutauro Aesop nokuti vanyori inova chete zvinoita chimiro kutaura pfungwa. Dimikira kuMiddle Ages kwakakwidibira, vakazadzwa nokutya, pfungwa mwoyo uye tariro kuvapo. Chii zvinofananidzira mu Ages mabhuku anogona kuonekwa munhetembo Dante kuti "Comedy Divine."

Nyungudika kunotanga Renaissance, pedyo nguva itsva. Zvisaririra ayo zviri pachena zvinoonekwa muenzaniso kupfuura vakakurumbira tsika munyika ndeyokufananidzira nhetembo - ". Faust" Goethe raMwari Kubva murima scholasticism, nokukanda mweya hobbled, kunzwa usingabatsiri yake gamba anosvika pakuziva kuda chiedza, rusununguko uye mufaro vose. The kupfuura kuratidzwa "Classical Walpurgis Night": Muchitsauko chino, verenga chinodiwa kuti vakasununguka uye dzinongoitika kuvapo muna rakajairika kwokufananidzira zimukadzimu - antique classicism.

Chii zvinofananidzira mabhuku Eastern, inoonekwa pamusoro Chinese uye Japanese mhando: kana rekare Indian zvinyorwa pamusoro mweya pedyo Asia Minor uye yekare (mufananidzo uye Visualization), kuti pedyo tsika panzvimbo yokutanga enhetembo zvinofananidzira. Zvinofungirwa pano poeticize zvose: upenyu, mediocrity - nemhaka yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mifananidzo.

The Soviet Union. Munyika dzaitongwa yakaoma Nomenclature kumanikidzwa, svinudzai chete nokukudza maitiro uye kukanda madhaka Pfungwa vavengi. Writers vasingakurumidzi kuwira imwe pfungwa kuitika, ufambe rurimi Aesop. Kureva, zvakare, zvinofananidzira. Mienzaniso mabhuku - "Tenzi uye Margarita" prose Pasternak uye Platonov. Strong ndeyokufananidzira Mutongo - kwokupedzisira nhetembo "Moscow-Petushki" V.Erofeeva mana hurumende infernal mudzidziso hunhu kupandukira gamba mutsunda "iri huro."

Nguva postmodernism. Zvakare, nokukudzwa zvinofananidzira. Mienzaniso kubva mabhuku - chigadzirwa Pelevine uye Sorokin. Nokuti dzimwe nguva zvakavamba kuchinja otkachnulsya: inokosha asina tivhare pfungwa uye kuratidza pakusununguka.

Soviet zambuko pakati magetsi ichikosha uye simbi mabasa uye B. Strugackih. Renyaya vanowanzotevedzera kutarisira remangwana. Zvakanyorwa kare, "Nesimba Kuti Mwari" uye "inogarwa Island" - zviri pachena zvinofananidzira nhasi Russia.