Copernicus aiva ani? Nikolay Kopernik: Biography, buri

Mumwe anogona kutaura kuti Copernicus. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti iri theorist, muongorori wenyeredzi, humanist, uyo akararama kubva 1473 pa 1543. Ndiye kwekwainzi musiki yazvino dzidziso yemapuraneti Unit, maererano izvo pakati ndiye zuva. Zvisinei, pamusoro hwake uye basa zviri mashoko dzinopikisana chaizvo kuti haabvumiri munhu kupindura mubvunzo: "? Ndiani Copernicus" Pane simba rinofanira kuti kwaiva mufananidzo wakanzi. Zita Copernicus, mukuwedzera, zvinogona kureva rose boka innovators mumunda nyeredzi, vakanga vakavanda pakutambudzwa. Zvisinei, tichava kuuya pamutemo Biography munhu nesayenzi. Munoziva ndiani Copernicus, maererano inonyanya shanduro. Dzimwe nguva dzakawanda dzakakurumbira shanduro uye ipapo tichaisa vose.

Date yokuzvarwa, kwakabva Copernicus

Nikolay Kopernik, maererano Polish kare remakore rechi19, akaberekwa muna 1473, 2 February. chiitiko ichi kwakaitika Prussian muguta Thorn (ano Torun, Poland). Maererano venyeredzi Masvomhu Galileo uye Kepler kuti mudzidzisi (M. Mestlina), iye akaberekwa muna 4 h. 48 min. PM February 19, 1473 Zviri Musi uyu anotevera zvikuru ano zvinyorwa musayenzi.

Baba musayendisiti ndiyo namesake ake. Kune shanduro kuti Copernicus Sr. uye zvaakanga achiita zhinji. Aiva mushambadzi kana murimi, kana chiremba, kana Brewer, kana mubiki. Uyu wakauya kuna Krakow kuna Torun anenge 1460. In Torun, baba Nicholas akava anoremekedzwa murume. Akashumira kwemakore akawanda ane akasanangurwa matunhu neminisiparati mutongi. Uyezve, akanga mutakuri honorary wenyaya Dominican Order "Hama yechitatu murayiro" (enyika Assistant chokuita kuitira iyi mamongi).

Ko zita Copernicus?

Hatigoni kutaura chaizvo chii zita Copernicus, asi kare vanodavira kuti madzitateguru tsaru Nicholas kure vaitengerana mhangura (mhangura muchiLatin - "cuprum"). Imwe shanduro yeBhaibheri - zita rinobva mazita mumisha muSilesia, pamwe chete zita. Anofungidzirwa ivo vanowana zita ravo kubva fennel kukura munharaunda (mu Polish dhiri - "koper"). Zvisinei, chaiwo nzvimbo misha izvi harizivikanwi. Polish dzekare akaona kuti nguva yokutanga zita iri Cracow magwaro chokuita 1367. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pashure vatakuri dzacho nyanzvi dzokugadzira kuti akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira - tinker, Mason, gunsmith mushandi murindi.

Njodzi hama Nicholas

Nikolay Kopernik muna Torun, Sr. akaroora Barbara Vatzenrode, mwanasikana aitungamirira mutongi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muchato kwakaitika asati 1463. Four vana vakaberekwa vari mumhuri. Nikolai aiva muduku wavo.

In Poland nhasi anoratidza imba apo anonzi akaberekwa Nikolay Kopernik, vane Biography tiri kufarira. Chivako ichi, kuratidzwa Photo pazasi, mukupera remakore rechi18, yakava chinhu outorwa yakatarwa matanda. Varinamire uye zvidhinha kubva - National ipfungwa akachengetwa mumamiziyamu.

Vana vari mumhuri Copernicus akadzidza ari chizvarwa guta rake, apo ivo dzidzo yakanaka. Andiriya munin'ina mukuru, uyo akaberekwa kumativi 1464, anenge kose pamwe Nicholas rufu rwake (akafa muna 1518 kana 1519). Akabatsira naye pakudzidza uye zvechitendero basa. Muna 1512, Andrew akarwara nemaperembudzi, uye akafa makore mashomanana gare gare A. Copernicus. Muchidimbu udza pamusoro kutapwa hanzvadzi gamba redu. Chokutanga, Barbara, akanga tonsured mumongi muna Kulm. Iye akafa anenge 1517 Zvino Catherine akaenda Krakow nomurume wangu, mutengesi Bartholomew Gertner. Pashure paizvozvo zvisaririra warasika. Uye chii gamba redu, Nikolay Kopernik? Biography uye zvakawanwa ake akakodzera hwakadzama kudzidza. Chokutanga, tichazvidudzira pamusoro poupenyu Nikolaya Kopernika, uye ipapo - iri kubudirira kwayo.

Kufa vabereki, kutarisirwa Sekuru

Muna 1483 baba vake vakafa kumhanya Nicholas chirwere (anofungidzirwa denda). mai vake vakafa muna 1489. Paakafa, kwakabva mhuri vakatanga kunetseka pamusoro Luca Vatzenrode, munun'una waamai (aimiririra pazasi). Aiva chinyorwa yomunharaunda diocese, uye mushure mechinguva ikava bhishopu. Uyu akanga aumbwa panguva iyoyo. Aiva mwene Krakow Jagiellonian University, uyewo chiremba pakati seakafuridzirwa mutemo pane imwe yunivhesiti - Bologna.

Education hama Nicholas uye Andrew

Nokukurumidza vakatevera tsoka sekuru vake, Andrew uye Nikolay Kopernik. Biography kuti gamba redu anopfuurira kwenguva yakareba kudzidziswa. Pashure kuguma chikoro guta (anenge 1491), hama akaenda Jagiellonian University. Nicholas naAndreya akasarudza rorusununguko Liberal Arts. In chikoro ichi vakabatana kuti vanhu, pakaramba panguva. The yunivhesiti zvichipomerwa kunyange vakapona gwaro achiratidza kuripwa muripo (nokuti 1491) ne Nicolaus Copernicus. Kuva kudzidza 3 makore Latin, nezvenyeredzi, masvomhu uye sayenzi dzimwe, hama dzakasarudza kuti kusiya Krakow pasina kuwana chitupa. Zvichida vakaita chisarudzo ichi nokuti kuti yunivhesiti muna 1494 yakahwina yepamusoro yebato, vane nhengo vaiva Hungarian Fraternity.

Hama kuti agarise kuti Canons

Andrew uye Nicholas aida kuramba zvidzidzo zvavo kuItaly. Zvisinei, sekuru vake, avo panguva ino aiva bhishopu Ermelandskim haana kuti mari yokuwedzera. Akapa zano vazukuru ake kutora zvigaro Canons (the Chapter nhengo hurumende) iri nyaya diocese kwaari kuti ndiwane mari zvakakodzera yokufamba kure uye kudzidza kunze. Zvisinei, zano iri rakatangwa pakarepo - pasava kushaya zvitupa hama. Hazvina kubatsira kunyange simba patronage. Kunyange zvakadaro, hama dziri 1496 ndaingoenda kudzidziswa magweta ari University of Bologna. Vakasarudzwa asipo musi Canons nzvimbo muna 1487, pamwe urongwa mari, uyewo-gore 3 anosiya nokuramba dzidzo.

Kuramba dzidzo iri University of Bologna

The University of Bologna akadzidza kwete chete kodzero asiwo nyanzvi yezvenyeredzi Nikolay Kopernik. Biography iye nguva ino kuchiratidzwa kujairirana Dominique Mariey Di Navar. mudzidzisi uyu University of Bologna, anozivikanwa nyeredzi iyoyo. Copernicus, ane Biography chinogona anosikwa chete maererano zvisina kunanga zvinyorwa mune ramangwana kana bhuku ravo rinotaura muchadenga zvaanorumbidza, raakanga anorenda inoitwa nomudzidzisi wake. The University of Bologna uye Nicholas akadzidza Zvisinei, chiGiriki, yakanga yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati kwevanhu, anomutsa kunyumwira dzinotsaudza yeRoma scholastics. Kunze, aifarira kupenda - kuponesa mufananidzo, izvo vaiona kuti kopi chakaitwa Copernicus kuzvidzora asian.

Zvokuita muRoma, kudzidza mushonga

Hama ndakadzidza muna Bologna 3 years, zvakare pasina kuwana chitupa. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, zvishoma Nikolay aishanda somudzidzisi wemasvomhu muRoma, kuverenga panguva iyoyo uye muchadenga nehurukuro Alexander VI Borgia, papa, uyewo Italian musayendisiti. Zvisinei, uchapupu maonero ichi haako.

Hama 1501 akadzoka muchidimbu Frauenburg, kusvikira pambiru. Vaida kukumbira nokunonoka mberi nedzidzo yavo. Mushure mokugamuchira payo, hama vakaenda kudzidza mushonga paUniversity Padua. Ivo vakagarapo kusvikira 1506, uye zvakare haana kugamuchira chitupa. Zvisinei, muna 1503, hama vakapfuura bvunzo sezvo mudzidzi ane kwokunze paUniversity Ferrara uye akava chiremba murayiro.

Homecoming, basa bhishopu

Kopernicki muna 1506 kumusha pashure chikoro. Nicholas kubudikidza iyoyo akanga atova nemakore 33 okuberekwa, uye Andrew - 42. Panguva iyoyo, vanogamuchira zvitupa pazera iroro kwainzi chakaipa. Uyezve, masayendisiti akawanda kuzivikanwa munharaunda sayenzi (semuenzaniso, G. Galilei), asina chitupa. Izvi hazvina kutadzisa vose vawane professorial chair.

Nikolay Kopernik, pashure pemakore basa chinyorwa Frombork akava chipangamazano nabhishopi (sekuru wake), uye ipapo chanzera yacho diocese. Akabatsira hanzvadzi yake kundorwa Teutonic Order, izvo zvakaita muna 1511 na Albrecht of Hohenzollern, remangwana vakatsauka ake. Nicholas uye vakabatsira akurukure Sigismund I, Mambo Poland, uyo aiva babamunini Albrecht. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Luke Vattselrode aida kuti mutsivi wake Nicholas. Zvisinei, haana basa yakakwana uye vavariro yezviitwa zverudzi urwu.

Kutamira Fraenburg

Copernicus panguva ino akatanga kusika munhu isinganzwisisiki dzidziso. In February 1512 Bishop Luke Vattselrode akafa. Kubvira nguva unoguma sinecure Copernicus. Sachigaro bhishopu anotora Fabian Losaynen, waunodzidza hama paUniversity of Bologna. Nicolas ane kusiya Lidzbarga. Copernicus akadzokera Frauenburg, apo akava seakafuridzirwa of Church. Tideman Gize, ake mutsigiri uye shamwari, inova chanzera of Diocese. Zvisinei, Nicholas mabasa kusvikira ake kuremedzwa chaizvo. Hazvina basa zvoupfumi mabasa uye kuunganidzwa kwemitero. Around nguva ino, munin'ina wake Andrew vachirwara nemaperembudzi uye anosarudza kuenda Italy.

Copernicus akazivikanwa

Copernicus akaramba zvidzidzo ake nezvenyeredzi. Scientific anowana mbiri mu munda uyu kana pakupera rechi15. hurukuro dzake dzakakurumbira chaizvo, ivo nyirwa Alexander VI Borgia, uyewo Nicholas da Vinci. Vanyori venhau vanoti Pope Leo X muna 1514, vakati musayendisiti, zvaanofunga wekarenda kuchinja. Nikolay Kopernik akauya maonero ake tsamba Paul Middelburgskomu, curator ari papa nyaya iyi. Iye zano vamwe nguva kumbosendeka kuvamba ichi, chero haana kupedza pakusikwa dzidziso (izvo, sezvinei, Copernicus akashanda kwemakore 30). Zvisinei, rakanyorwa uchapupu kuzviratidza, haina kuratidzwa.

Nikolaya Kopernika mumatsutso 1516, akasarudzwa panzvimbo Tiedemann Giese. Anova maneja kumaodzanyemba ushe kungova diocese pakati Warmia. Uye Giza kubva iyoyo ave bhishopu kulmskogo. Copernicus chokuita kugadzwa mutsva vakatamira 4 makore Olsztyn. Pano anotofanira kuita zvechiuto webasa - the Teutonic Order Varma kurwisa uye kubatwa chikamu. Uye kamwe vari rakachengetedzwa kunyange yakagara Copernicus. Nicholas akadzokera Frombork muna 1521, pashure rugare akanga vakagumisa pamwe Teutonic Order.

bhuku rokutanga, vaitaura kuti mari kuchinja

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga zvakaita kuti iye akasika bhuku rake rokutanga, rakanzi "Small mashoko '. basa iri akazivisa dzidziso yake rakamanikana siyana. Copernicus kuti vaitaura pamusoro mari kuchinja Prussia akataura 1528. Panguva iyoyo akazviisa pamusoro zvokudya Elblag.

kupomera Copernicus

Warmia Bishop Ferber afa, kwakaitika muna 1537, achiva Johann Dantisk vaimbova humanist uye vaEpikuro. Zvadaro akava prude uye retrograde, uye nokuda kuti vakaita zvechitendero basa. A mameseji uye dambudziko Copernicus akaponesa kwake. Dantisk kana mhosva Nicholas sokubika mapoto unzenza Anna Schilling, akaroora womumba. Mukadzi kana chirevo chinokosha bhishopi kurambidzwa Frombork, nekuti ichi ingirozi anyengedza "ari seane uchenjeri muongorori wenyeredzi."

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, rufu

For Copernicus muna 1539 anouya Retik AI kudzidza dzidziso dzaro. Kwapera nguva, akabudisa bhuku umo matsva chaipiwa, uye ipapo zvakabudisa bhuku rake mudzidzisi.

Copernicus akafa musi May 24, 1543 Akafa mushure sitiroko uye kuoma kunokonzerwa nazvo rworudyi hafu muviri. Muna 1655 Pierre Gassendi akanyora Biography, maererano iyo iri kukura ruoko unotonhora Copernicus shamwari dzake akaisa yepakutanga rake rinonzi. Nicholas, maererano dzekare ano, akavigwa Church Fromborkskom (mufananidzo pamusoro kunoratidza izvozvo). Muna 1581 pamberi muguva yakaiswa kuva nebheji ne mufananidzo uye parutivi Church ndiyo shongwe Nicholas.

Mabasa Nicholas

Copernicus anozivikanwa zvikurukuru sezvo muvambi heliocentric dzidziso. Zvisinei, iye ndiye nevamwe mabasa akawanda kuri mumashoko nyanzvi pakuridza uye vakadzidza zvikuru kwevanhu nguva. We tsanangura huru Zvakawanikwa Copernicus zvishoma.

Translation kubva Greek

Muna 1509, Nicholas, uyo akataura zvakakwana Greek, akashandurirwa Latin basa 6 kana 7. BC. e. "Tsika, mumaruwa uye rudo tsamba Feofilakta Simokatty, scholasticism." Zvinofungidzirwa kuti musiki basa iri rakanga dzakaitika wokupedzisira uyo rinoreva tsika dzekare. Sezvineiwo, zviri haizivikanwi kana shanduro iyi yakabudiswa, asi rugwaro inozivikanwa. Sezvineiwo, vanyori venhau udza kana tsamba iyi izere anachronisms uye hapana zvinoshamisa pachayo haina hwenhoroondo uye ngano vanhu. Zvisinei, izvi "mano" , "marara" uye "hakunakidzi" zvimwe vanoyemurwa Copernicus, Nicholas akafuridzirwa shanduro. basa rake, iye chose babamunini. Mukuwedzera, venhaka Nicholas remabasa kure, uye dzimwe mabasa Theophylact Scholastica.

makirasi cartography

Uye munzvimbo ino Copernicus akasiya mucherechedzo wake. Zvaakasika pamepu Prussia, izvo, zvinosuruvarisa haana vakapona. Kushandisa achizviita parallax mutsetse spruce pasikweya, Nicholas akatsunga mukati 3 'Latitude Frauenburga. tsvimbo idzi, inonzi "Trikvetra" nhasi paUniversity Cracow. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16. ichi kakasaririra anokosha Ganov John, Bhishopi Warmia, Tiho Brage vagura Elias Olai Tsimber, wokupedzisira mudzidzi.

Other makirasi Copernicus

Munyika kurapa Warmia nguva (kubvira 1516 kusvika 1520 gore) Nikolay Kopernik nyanzvi yokuveza wavarwi, yemauto injiniya uye mutariri. zvidzidzo ake zvinosanganisira pachena mari pakazopera 1520-wacho. Mukuwedzera, vanonyora kuti Nicholas aiva nomukurumbira chiremba, vakavaitira isina nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vanhuwo zvavo. Zvakawanikwa Copernicus zvichipomerwa kunyange zvinosanganisira michina yake sangweji.

"Commentariolus"

Mabasa matatu akauya muchadenga mabasa Nikolaya Kopernika. Vaviri vavo dzakabudiswa chete muzana remakore rechi19. The yokutanga basa - "Small mashoko ', iro rinotaura dzidziso Nicholas. Kopi zvinyorwa inowanikwa raibhurari iri Vienna dare muna 1877 kana 1878 Makore mashomanana gare gare, muna 1881, akanga yakawanikwa pedyo chete notibhuku pamwe zvinyorwa Copernicus. Inoitwa mapeji 16 uye akanga pana Uppsala University, muraibhurari yake. Dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, yakashuma kuti zvakawanikwa Stockholm.

"Shoko Copernicus kuzorwa Werner" uye "Pazuva nokumukirana pakati Spheres Vekudenga"

"Tsamba pamusoro Werner Copernicus" - rwechipiri Nicholas rondedzero pamusoro zvenyeredzi. Ichi tsamba yake kuna Bernard Wapowski, Rector of Krakow katedraali. Basa iri nemhosva mbiri inonakidza sezvo rinopa anotevedzana Mafungiro munyori, izvo kwakavakirwa kuongorora zviri precession nyeredzi maererano Ages uye kare zvinyorwa. Muna 1543 rakadhindwa bhuku chikuru Copernicus 'Pazuva nokumukirana pakati Spheres Vekudenga ". Nzvimbo bhuku rino kunoratidza kuti kuRegensburg, rokuNuremberg. Rine migumisiro yemunyori zvakawanika, uyewo katarogu nyeredzi 1025, pachake akanyora navo.

Copernican dzidziso

Pfungwa musayendisiti ichi vaiva ushingi kuti nguva yaro. Copernican nyika iri akanyatsosiyana rakasiyana kazhinji akagamuchira maonero vamutangira uye vakararama. Nicholas akakandira geocentric gadziriro yenyika, hwakasikwa maererano Ptolemy. Panguva iyoyo yaiva ukashinga, sezvo muenzaniso uyu Kashoma kare vakabvunzwa. It zvinotsigirwa ne- simba chaizvo panguva yeRoma. Maererano naye, muzinda wezvose ndiye Earth uye Sun, nokure yakatarwa nyeredzi uye mapuraneti ose dzitendererane nayo. Heliocentric maitiro Copernicus aitaura asatenderwe maonero ichi. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti Nyika, kufanana nemamwe mapuraneti kufamba famba zuva. Nicholas akati kuti sangano kudenga kuti tinoona masikati - iri migumisiro inofamba iri nyika kumativi ayo akabatana. Zvakawanikwa Copernicus akapa kwavari basa "Pazuva nokumukirana pakati Spheres Vekudenga", yakabudiswa mugore afa. Book muna 1616 wakarambidza Catholic Church. Kunyange zvakadaro, pfungwa itsva nguva dzose kumanikidza nzira yavo. The kuwanikwa, chakaitwa Nicholas, akapa simba zvakasimbisa nesayenzi. Masayendisiti akawanda ipapo vakadzokera kwaari.

Saka, takabva munhu Biography uye kuvhurika Nikolaya Kopernika zvishoma. Sezvaungafungidzira, pane mumwe mwero mukana kuti zvimwe zvinhu muupenyu hwake ndezvechokwadi. Recreate kuti Biography vanhu vakararama pamberi pedu, nguva dzose zvakaoma. Zvisinei, isu vakaedza kupa kupfuura fungidzira mashoko pamusoro munhu akadai Copernicus. Biography uye ake zvakawanwa vachiri nyaya dzokudzidza dzakaitika. Pamwe papera nguva vachakwanisa kuwana ruzivo rakanyatsorurama.