Scientist Abel Niels Henrik: Biography

Niels Henrik Abel - mumwe mukuru mathematicians vanhu vose. Akanga akaberekwa Norwegian taundi Finney mumhuri mufundisi. mai vake vaibva mumhuri mushambadzi. Apo Niels mumwe gore rimwe, mhuri akatamira kuguta Gerrestad.

Childhood Abel

Childhood ramangwana masvomhu kwaisambonyanya kufara: utano hwake hwakanga murombo, uye vabereki vanogara akadhakwa uye vachipika. Muna 1815, Niels Henrik Abheri akapinda Cathedral muOslo School. Mhuri yemberi masvomhu akanga murombo kwazvo, saka Abheri aiva kuchikoro musi zvakazara purangazve. Chokutanga, hazvina kumira kubva rwevanhu vakawanda vadzidzi. Muchiitiko chino, yemasvomhu mudzidzisi panguva yaiva noutsinye munhu muchikoro uyo vakarova vadzidzi. Nemano Abel masvomhu mudzidzisi kutanga vakaona nezita Bert Michael Holmboe.

Mudzidzisi uye mudzidzi

Bert aifarira zvikuru masvomhu, zvakanaka nemafungiro vadzidzi uye vaizivawo sei choita. Holmboe akakurudzira vaya vaishanda tisingatungamirirwi. Abheri aiva nekuvongwa iye kekutanga zvinonyatsoda zvesayenzi. Mudzidzisi akayeuka kuti Abheri akadzidza masvomhu kosi pamwe kudzikama kuti chete anogona kuwanikwa shasha. Holmboe kukurudzirwa zvikuru Abheri chido wokuita, uye akabvumira kuti kushandisa mabhuku kubva raibhurari yako. Pashure pfupi chaizvo nguva Abheri akanga atova aiziva zvinokosha masvomhu. On ramangwana musayendisiti yavo chaizvoizvo "yakamedza" basa Gauss, Lacroix, Poisson uye Lagrange.

Chirahwe, aifarira masvomhu

The maviri akatevera, Kunyanya tariro Abheri ari kutora matambudziko akaoma ari masvomhu. Rimwe Puzzles izvi kare kukwezvwa masayendisiti. Rakanga wechishanu dhigirii mukana wokuti vanhu vanga uye equations ose epamusoro. For nyore equations Masvomhu dzave kuzivikanwa kwenguva yakareba. Rule nekugadzirisa equations dhigirii chechina yakavhurwa yemasvomhu Ferrari, wechitatu - Gerolamo Cardano.

Zvisinei, kufambira mberi hapana aigona. Pasinei neizvi, masayendisiti chivimbo chikuru zvinobvira kugadzirisa dambudziko. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvakakwana kuti rinokosha mubatanidzwa zvinhu uye radicals, kudzidza kugadzirisa equations izvi. Zvisinei, ndima remakore pashure remakore, masayendisiti vakazvipira hwavo hwose kuti basa iri, asi yakaramba unsolved.

Life payunivhesiti uye rubatsiro vadzidzisi

Muna 1820, mhuri Abel njodzi zvinoitika: baba vake vakafa. mai vake, hanzvadzi uye nehama nhanhatu kuramba dzinenge muurombo. Muna 1821, Niels Henrik Abheri anosvika kuti yunivhesiti. Ikoko, tarenda rake sezvinoonekwa vadzidzisi, uye vanosarudza dziva mari dzavo kuunganidza bhezari varombo, asi kusimba pakuridza mudzidzi, kuti arege kurasikirwa chipo chake nesayenzi. Pasinei nezvinetso uye ayo melancholic hunhu, Abheri aigara ushamwari uye uzhivchiv nevadzidzi zvose, pamwe anenge asina vavengi. Masvomhu akanga saka dzinonakidza kwaari kuti aigona kupedza panguva makirasi zuva rose, vachiuya pachavo kuti pedo chaiko okuneta.

In yechando 1822-1823, kuti Niels Henrik Abheri akanyora zvakakomba basa yesayenzi yokutanga. Akanga akazvipira kuna integrability kuti differential equations. Somubayiro, State Prize akanga paakavapa kwaari.

Kana musoro kuyunivhesiti kana Norwegian Board haaregeredzi ari kupenya tarenda kuti akanga Abel Niels Henrik. Muzhizha 1823 kokutanga muna Abheri zvinokwanisika kuita rwendo Muganhu Norwegian. With Mari, izvo vakaunganidza mumwe muzvinadzidzo yunivhesiti, Abheri akaenda Copenhagen. Vatariri, yemasvomhu aiziva dzimwe pfungwa zvikuru nguva: Cauchy, A. Legendre nevamwe. Uye muna 1825 akatumirwa Germany, umo ake aipiwa kuti 3168 mafranc.

Muna 1826, imwe nyaya naAbheri, izvo akatsanangura muitiro kugadzirisa equations ose dhigirii shanu. chiitiko ichi pakarepo akamuita mumwe mukuru mathematicians munyika. Zvisinei, vachitevera basa musayendisiti, uyo dzabviswa kuongorora Cauchy, ndarasika mapepa ake. Cauchy akakwanisa kuwana basa Abheri chete pashure pokufa musayendisiti. Kana vasina, panguva upenyu Abheri aigona paakavapa hombe zvedzidzo mubairo. Sezvo izvi hazvina zvaitika, navamwe hwake aakapedza muurombo hwakanyanya.

mberi basa

In Berlin, Abheri akasangana nomumwe mutsvakurudzi - A. Krell, uyo akatanga kubudisa magazini akarongeka. Pashure vakabudirira basa muBerlin Niels Henrik Abheri anodzoka kumba - kuna Christiania. Ikoko akanga kutanga kufarira mibvunzo algebraic equations. Panguva yose iyi yakadhindwa anenge gumi mapepa kwesayenzi muna masvomhu, vakanyora raiva Abheri. Muna 1826 pamusangano rechiFrench Academy of Sciences Niels Henrik Abheri anosvitsa mushumo transcendental mabasa ari masvomhu. waivako wake nemaune kucherechedzwa French nenyanzvi, izvozvo akagamuchira kukudzwa wayo chete pashure pokufa masvomhu.

Kushatiswa utano uye nezvimwe zvinetso

Abel ipapo akatuma wechipiri rwendo Europe. Iye anoshanyira guta kuDresden, Prague, Venice, Paris nevamwe. Asi rwendo urwu hazvigoni kunzi tourist: panguva ino musayendisiti Niels Henrik Abheri anoshanda nesimba chaizvo. Anovhura 6 kwemasvomhu theorems. Zvisinei, panguva ino kuchinzwisisa nokukundikana: nenyanzvi mipumburu akarasika, kupererwa nemari, husina utano. The musayendisiti haana kugamuchira kugara mubairo.

Muna 1828 akagamuchira Nhengo Royal Academy of Sciences - uye ichi ndicho chete kuzivikanwa apo upenyu anowana Niels Henrik Abel. Photo pamusoro Norwegian Banknotes mumasangano ose CZK 500, iro raishandiswa kusvikira 2002 - anokudza kuti musayendisiti akanga paakavapa paakanga afa.

Pakurwara nokumanikidzwa rinoungana 1828 yemasvomhu Niels Henrik Abel. Biography ake anopedzisa zvinosuruvarisa: wakange achirwara, uye vanachiremba vakafunga tiibhii mu masvomhu. Muna December wegore iroro musayendisiti inoenda kuguta Florand, apo mudzimai wake rakashanda. Murwendo rwacho musayendisiti anobata dzihwa zvakaipa. Chakakomba nemabayo uye TB vakaita basa ravo, uye April 6, 1829, apo musayendisiti aiva 26 chete, upenyu hwake hwakanga achatapudzwa.

kubudirira Abel

Kugadzirisa kwakaita equations wechishanu dhigirii - mumwe Zvakawanikwa zvikuru masvomhu, zvaakatadzisa Niels Henrik Abel. Kubudirira hazvina asiwo yokutanga yakatarwa yokuti. Naiyewo nezvokumwe akawanda algebraic mabasa. mutsetse uyu kutsvakurudza kwakatungamirira kuwanikwa dzidziso naAbheri kwakaita hyperelliptic mabasa. mabasa mazhinji anokosha Abel Niels Henrik chokuita dzidziso akatevedzana.

Abel Prize

Sezvo pamasvomhu isingaswederi Nobel Prize, muna 2002 hurumende Norway rakaumbwa chaizvo mubayiro wavo, ainzi Abheri. Kubvira 2003, gore rimwe nerimwe zvinonzi paakavapa kuti panguva mathematicians hunoshamisa. The mari yakaenzana Pasati miriyoni imwe US emadhora. mubayiro ichi akasikwa kwete chete kuti mubayiro vakakodzera vatsvakurudzi, asiwo popularize masvomhu pakati pevechiduku. Pakati laureates ayo masayendisiti akaita Lennart Carleson, John G. Thompson, Mikhail Gromov, Jean-Per Serr. Uyewo, Kumukundi of Abel Prize aiva musayendisiti wokuRussia Yakov reSinai. Akagamuchira mubairo kuti mupiro wake mukudzidza dynamical gadziriro, ergodic dzidziso uye akarongeka wefizikisi.