Bolotnikov kumukira: chinokonzera uye maronda, uyewo pfupiso nhoroondo yacho

Vanhu Russian vane mwoyo murefu uye anoshivirira. Zvisinei, haana nokusingaperi, asi chero murefu anouya kwapera. Uye boka akatsamwa pamusoro zvavo, akaronga simba unhu, kufanana tsunami kuparadzwa kwaro nzira zvose. Avo munhoroondo Russia vaiva murimi mudiki hondo, izvo rinotungamirirwa Emelyan Pugachev, Stepan Razin uye Ivan Bolotnikov.

Bolotnikov kumukira kwakaitika kuva muna 1906 - 1907 makore kutangira kumaodzanyemba ari Moscow State. Chikonzero chokupika vaiva norunyerekupe kuti pane 1 Dmitry Venhema akaurayiwa yakasiyana zvachose munhu. runyerekupe izvi zvikuru chakazunguzirwa chinzvimbo Shumsky, achimupa pakuonekwa kuita zvinopesana nomutemo.

Asi chokwadi, kwave kwebope Bolotnikov chaizvo vavariro zvikonzero. Just vanhu vakava zvisingatsungiririki kurarama kwenguva yakareba sezvo vari kumanikidzwa kutaura mashoko "muromo": chakaiswa kupfuura matanho zvose feudal udzvinyiriri, serfdom, zvichiita varimi sei pasina kodzero, nzara uye urombo takaita basa ravo.

Zvimwe zvose akapinda akawedzera Borisom Godunovym "wakaiswa makore" uye, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika munyika. Muchidimbu, hurumende yava yakatanga echimurenga mamiriro ezvinhu, apo vanhuwo zvavo zvakawanda asingachagoni kushivirira, uye "pamusoro" haasi kukwanisa kubata munzira itsva. Saka kumukira Bolotnikov aiva hunhu hondo antiboyarskuyu.

Calling pachavo warlord inonzi haana kuurayiwa muchinda, Bolotnikov kuchamhembe Putivle vakaungana kwaari musasvike, akatambudzwa zvakaipa varimi, vachizivisa navo pamusoro pe chitarisiko Tsarevich Dmitry. Akamubatsira kunzwisisa kumukirawo pamusoro Prince Shahovsky mazita uye gavhuna Chernigov Telyatevsky. Ndizvo avo vakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuunganidza uto pakati vasingagutsikani munyengeri, vaishora chisimba uye kusaruramisira National hombe. Bolotnikov kumukira vaifungidzira chimiro vanhu kuti hondo.

Shuya, kuedza kugara pachigaro choumambo, akatuma vanhu kundosangana navo mauto Bolotnikov Trubetzkoy uye Vorotynsky vakananga. Asi Troubetzkoy uye Vorotynsky vairohwa murimi mudiki mauto, wokutanga Kromy, uye yechipiri pasi Yelets. Muna September Bolotnikov kumukira akasvika Kaluga, apo urove sezvo huru mauto kuhondo Shumsky.

Kolomna, waiva munzira vapanduki kuMoscow vakakomba. Posad varimi akakwanisa kurwisa, asi akakundikana kubvuta Kremlin pakarepo. Bolotnikov ipapo vabude ipapo chikamu chiduku nehondo yake, uye dzinokosha nziyo akaenda Moscow.

Muna October bolotnikovtsy rakakombwa Moscow. Muna November, kwavari hondo akabatana Cossacks achitungamirirwa Murom. Asi pakarepo dzasvika nemauto muvengi Lyapunov kubva Ryazan. Apa ndipo panotangira mupanduki vanokudzwa tutira rumwe rutivi, uye Cossacks - mumwe. Uye muna December bolotnikovtsy kare vakatanga kutambura chete kukundwa pashure perimwe.

The People Uto riri zvishoma vakatamira Kaluga - ipapo akagara vapanduki pachake Bolotnikov, uye pamwe kune Tula - kuti Muromtsem vakananga. In Kaluga, vakanga vakakomberedzwa vehondo tsarist. Heavy blockade rakatanga mazuva. With guru nezvinhu vapanduki akakwanisa kupaza kuna Tula.

Historical manotsi anotsanangura yemuna Bolotnikov zvishoma. Zvisinei, mune unyanzvi mabhuku mabasa, mafirimu uye mifananidzo, zvakanyorwa uye kupfeka nezveizvi, tinogona kuona kuti kutya, marwadzo, zvikuru rufu akaunza hondo iyi.

Tula Wakapedzisira guta apo vakanga kurwa vapanduki uye hondo yamambo. Uto Tsarist, rakavhara rwizi Upa mai aigona kukonzera mafashamo makuru Tula. Somugumisiro, bolotnikovtsy akakundwa.

Sezvo Shumsky zvichipomerwa nengano mhiko vapanduki vacho vakabvumirana yokuupa, kuti "haana kuteura ropa," kuti mambo akaita kwazvo noungwaru. Iye here ropa arange vevapanduki vacho kwokumukira: Ivan Bolotnikov iye kuutapwa Kargopol, paakange akapofumadzwa uye rikanyuramo. Ileyku Muromtsa akasungirirwa, uye vatongi Shakhovsky nechisimba tonsured sezvo mumongi.

Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti kumukirawo vakakundwa nokuti vapanduki vakanga vasina kurongeka, sezvo hondo yamambo. Huge kubvisa akanga heterogeneous Zvinoumba hondo mupanduki.