Crested newt: photos, interesting facts

Iyo itsva yakagadzirwa yakatanga kutaurwa mumutsamba nemukuru wekuSwitzerland anozivikanwa K. Gesner muna 1553. Akaritumidza kuti "mvura yemarara". Izwi rekutanga rokuti "triton" yejeri yemamphibian yakashandiswa rakashandiswa naI. Laurenti, muAustria naturalist (1768).

Zvimwe zviri kunze

Iyo itsva yakagadzirwa yakatumidzwa kuti yakakwirira kwazvo, iri kumashure kwemurume. Icho chinopesana ne ptoreal newt muhukuru (iyo yakawanda kwazvo) uye, hongu, ine yakakwirira, yakasvibiswa. Nekubatana nekupenya kwakajeka, zvakadai zvinoita kuti mhuka ive imwe yevakanaka zvikuru vagari vemakungwa.

Iyo yakareba yakareba yakareba yejiragi ndeye 153 mm (kusanganisira kureba kwomuviri zvishoma kupfuura 80 mm). Mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope kune vanhu vanosvika 200 mm. Chiremba chikuru chakarembwa chika 14.3 gm.

Mutsva wakabatwa, uyo mufananidzo wake unowanzopfekedza zvivharo zvemasvondo kune zvimvura, zvine musoro uye wakaputika, musoro mukuru. Mazino ePalatine mapfupi maviri akaenzana.

Pamberi pega ganda rakanyangarika, pamimba - rinonatsa. Mumazuva ekutsvaga, chirume chechikadzi chinonzi serrated, chakakwirira, chisina kuonekwa zvakanyanya kunze kwemuswe. Miswe inogona kuva shoma shoma, asi kazhinji yakaenzana nekureba kwomuviri. Ikoko hakuna zvibhakera pamakumbo emuswe. Dumbu rine mavara machena kana machena-machena nematsvuku machena emuvara. Mhope yakasviba pamiganhu yemashaya uye machena-machena pachigadziko.

Muvara

Nhamba shoma shoma shomanana inogona kuonekwa zvakajeka pamutsipa uye kumativi emutumbi. Muvarume vari pakati pemuswe nemativi ayo, pearly or pale bluu band band inoonekwa. Inotanga nechitsiko chemuswe, iyo inomiririra ruvara rwakasvibiswa, uye inoguma nemuganhu wakajeka, wakanyatsocherechedzwa, pamucheto.

Madzimai haana chitunha kumusana, uye ruvara rwebhuruu pamativi emuswe unooneka husingaoneki kana kusipo zvachose. Pakati pepakati, shure kwekune dzimwe nguva mutsara wakatsvukuruka kana tsvuku. Maziso, sekutonga, ndeyendarama-orange, ane mudzidzi wepakati. Izvo zvigunwe zviri mutsvuku kana machungwa.

Chimwe chitenderedzwa chekupararira chine muzinga-sa newt?

Mubvunzo uyu unofadza kune vazhinji vanoita zvekuvhura mvura. Ngatigarei pamusoro payo zvakadzama. Nzira yeropa rekupararira kwechigwede ichi yakavharwa, mwoyo inopetwa katatu. Ropa rakavhenganiswa mu ventricle (kunze kwevasina mapapiro asina mapapiro, avo vane mwoyo makamuri maviri). Icho kutonhora kwemuviri wemhuka kunobva zvakananga pane kutonhora kwemhepo yakapoteredza kana mvura.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupararira kweropa kwekamu itsva. Denderedzwa rekupararira kwechipiri rinosanganiswa nehutano hunowanikwa hwekupemha kwemapemmoni. Mwoyo une atria maviri (muropa rakanaka, kunyanya inotyisa, yakasanganiswa, kuruboshwe-arterial) imwe ventricle, masvingo ayo anoita mapepa, anodzivisa kusanganiswa kweropa rinokonzerwa neropa. Kubva pavhirikiriya kune arterial cone, ine inevhavha yemhepo.

Pulmonary chirongo chiduku. Inotanga ne pulmonary-pulmonary arteries, iyo inopa ropa kumapapu neganda. Ropa, rakanyatsogadziriswa neoksijeni, kubva kumapapu inounganirwa mumapupa emapurimari paired veins inopinda mukati meatrium (kuruboshwe).

Denderedzwa guru rinotanga nemasvingo e-aorta uye carotid metroyo iri munhengo uye maviri. Ropa rakazara rinopinda paanriamu yakarurama kuburikidza nemashure emapfupa uye mushure mumiririri mushure. Mune mitsetse yakarepesa inopisa, ropa rinosanganisa rinopindawo, naizvozvo, ropa riri muhedriyo yakarurama rinosanganiswa.

Rudzi rwe digestion mu crested newt

Vose mafikirai, uye hero yemashoko edu, kunyanya, idya fodya chete. Pasi payo ye oropharynx ndiyo rurimi. Pamasaya acho mazino anoshanda kuti atore mhuka.

Munharaunda ye oropharyngeal kune madonhwe ezvinyorwa zvinopisa, izvo zvakavanzika zvisingabviri majekiseni emuviri. Zvadaro zvokudya zvinopinda nepamuviri kusvika mudumbu, uye zvino kupinda mu duodenum. Idzi ndidzo mhando dzepancreas nechiropa. Kudya kunoitika mu duodenum uye mudumbu. Mucheche muduku unotungamirira kune rectum.

Lifestyle musango

Nzvimbo itsva yakasvibiswa, iyo mifananidzo yauri kuona munyaya yedu, inogara mumasango mashoma, akavhenganiswa uye akareba-mashizha, pedyo nemitumbi yemvura. Kunze kwemasango kunogona kurarama kumahombekwi akazaruka, ane zvikamu zviduku zvemasango, mafashamo emasango emakungwa nenzizi, mumatombo. Chimiro chekupinda kwemazzinza mumaguta emuguta kunogona kunge yakadzika zvakadzika (zvinenge 0.5 m) miviri isina mvura yakasvibiswa uye inonyura zvishoma nezvishoma kana mvura yakamira.

Muzinga-wakafanana newt unotungamirira hupenyu husiku huri panyika. Uye masikati anoenda mumvura. Kazhinji yenguva yaanosarudza kugara pasi. Chero muzhizha uye mumwaka munguva yekusimudza nzira yemvura inoita . Mazuva gumi nerimwe mumvura iyo itsva inotanga. Ganda rakaraswa neiri rinoramba rakazara zvachose, asi rinogara richibuda mukati. Uyu bhudzi rakanaka haafariri chiedza chakajeka, zuva, rinonyanya kushivirira kupisa. Iyo itsva inotenderera, ichipindira paws kumativi. Anovashandisa sechibvumirano. Progressive movement inopa muswe.

Kuchengetwa kwechando uye hibernation

Nokuda kwechando, iyo itsva yakasvibira inopera kumagumo eOctober kana kutanga kwaNovember, apo kupisa kwemhepo hakupfuuri +6 ⁰ C. Iyo yakarongedzwa nemirwi yematombo, michina yemiti, pamasvingo ekumusoro, mumasango edzimba, munzvimbo dzakaputika muvhu, pamagwatiro emigwagwa. Ive itsva inoberekwa chete, uye mumapoka, dzimwe nguva kunyange masango makuru. Kubva pakurota kunouya munaMarch-May.

Muchirimo uye pakutanga kwezhizha zvinosarudza kugara mumasango emasango, matangi, kutarisa. Mushure mokuberekwa (pakati pezhizha) unoenda kune imwe nyika, kwaanozviwanira iye nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzine shady.

Inonyanya kushandiswa pasi pamadekwana, mumvura inoratidza basa mumasikati. Iyo inobvumira kutonhorera kwakadzika zvakanaka - inofamba pamatambo echando kunze kwe 0 ° С. Mumvura inoshanda pakushambidza kubva pane +5 kusvika +28 ° С.

Kugutsikana mukutapwa, kudya

Pamhuka yakadaro iwe uchada tetrumum yemhando yakakosha. Kune vanhu 1-2, inofanira kunge inogona kuita zvinenge makumi maviri emamiriyoni.

Kupisa kwepasi penyika kunofanira kuiswa mu terrarium. Pakati pokudziya masikati, kutonhora kunofanira kusvika + 28 ° C, inosvibirira yekunze kwemazuva ose muTerrarium iri 16-20 ° C usiku uye 18-22 ° C masikati. Mu terrarium pamusoro pemvura inofanira kunge iri dhamu. Iwe unogona kuchengeta idzi dzakanaka mumapoka maduku.

Tati tataura kare kuti pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ezvisikwa izvi bhirikiti inodya pamvura inopinda mumvura, yakakura kudarika iyo inowanzogadzirirwa pond hama. Uye chii chinopa zvokudya zvitsva kumba? Mu terrarium anodyarwa bhanana, brownies nedzimwe makakati, mapfupa eupfu, jongwe, makungu, zvipuka zvevhu. Mvura, unogona kupa ropaworm, snail, pipe.

Pakati pezvokudya, zvinoshandiswa zvinofanira kupiwa kune mollusks, mvura yezvinyuchi, zvipembenene zvezvipembenene. Kazhinji iyo itsva inodya tadpoles uye inobereka vanaamai vemamfibia. Panyika mukudya kwezvipfuwo zvako zvinofanirwa kusanganisira slugs, pasiworms uye zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana. Muzinga-wakaita seewt une maonero mashoma, saka unogona kubata mhuka inotambaira iri pedyo nayo, uye itsva inogona kunhuhwidza.

Zvinhu zvinofadza zvettt

Ichi chipfu chinofadza zvikuru - muzinga ne newt. Chokwadi chinonyanya kufadza pamusoro pezvipembenene zvinowanzobudisa mabhuku pamusoro pemhuka. Zvinoshamisa kuti newt inokwanisa kuchinja marara ayo, semakunguons, asi kusvika zvishoma.

Tatove tataura kuti mitsva inoona zvakaipa, saka kuvabata zvokudya kwakaoma zvikuru. Havagoni kubata mhuka dzakasimba, saka mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikiro vanowanzofa nenzara.

Zvinofadza ndezvitsva uye simba ravo rinoshamisa rekudzorera nhengo dzakarasika dzomuviri wavo (dzinodzokorora). Iyo nhengo, yakatemwa zvachose kubva kumusha, inokura zvakare. Nyanzvi yezvakasikwa Spalanzani yakaratidza utsinye hwakaipa kwazvo pamhuka idzi. Akacheka miswe yawo, makumbo, akazora maziso ake, nezvimwewo. Somugumisiro, zvikamu izvi zvose zvakadzorerwa zvachose. Kazhinji izvi zvakaitika kakawanda mumutsara. Blumenbach kamwe chete akachera yose ye triton ya newt, achisiya imwe chete-yechishanu yayo. Mwedzi gumi gare gare ndakave nechokwadi kuti itsva yakange ine ziso idzva, kunyange yakasiyana kubva kune yekare muhukuru hushoma. Mitezo nemisehwe zvinowanzodzorerwa kuhukuru hwakafanana neavo vakarashika.