Miti yemitauro - zvinhu uye mienzaniso

Murume, pane imwe nzvimbo yekukura kwake, akatanga kugadzirisa zvisikwa kwaari. Akatanga kutema mhuka dzesango dzingamubatsira. Nenzira imwecheteyo, miti yemitambo, shrubs, uswa uye uswa zvakaonekwawo. Muchikamu chino, tichadzokorora nhoroondo yekubuda uye zvinhu zvezvirimwa zvakasimwa, kunyanya miti.

Yakasimwa mbeu - chii ichocho?

Iro tsika yekudana iyo michero inodyarwa nevanhu kuitira chero chinangwa chaicho. Izvi zvinogona kuva kugamuchira zvokudya, zvigadzirwa zvemashizha, mishonga kana zvipfuwo zvekudya. Miti yakadaro inonziwo zvirimwa zvekurima. Pakati pavo, miti yemitambo yakasimbiswa, iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Zvose zvinomera zvakadyarwa zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka akawanda. Kunyanya, pane:

• Zviyo zvezviyo;
• Bean;
• Shura-kutakura;
• Starch-ine;
• Mafuta anotakura;
• Miti yemichero (miti yemitauro ndeyeboka iri);
• Vegetable uye melon;
• Tonic uye zvinodhaka.

Kudzidza kwezvinhu uye mhuka yemiti yakadyarwa yaisanganisira masayendisiti akadai saN.I. Vavilov, E.V. Wulf, G.I. Tanfiliev, V.L. Komarov nevamwe.

A bit of history

Imwe nzira kana imwe, uye madzitateguru emutsika ndiwo masango emusango. Nekubatsira kwekubereka zvinhu, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuwana zvibereko zvakakwirira kubva kwavari, uye kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvakatanga kukura uye kubereka michero mune zvitsva, zvisingawanisi ivo pachavo.

VII mireniyamu BC - ino ndiyo nguva apo kukurudzirwa kwemitambo yemichero yakatanga. Yakanga iri iyo iyo tsika dzekutanga dzemitambo dzakatanga kuonekwa - miti, mabhasi uye uswa.

Kana iwe uchibata panhau ye geography, zvinowanzoitika kuti nzira dzekurima yemafuta evanhu zvakafanana zvakatorwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, kure nemumwe, nzvimbo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuputika uye makomo emakomo ekudengenyeka kwepasi uye kunzvimbo dzepasi - maAtlas Mountains, Caucasus, Andes, Armenia neAbyssinian Highlands, yakava nzvimbo dzinoonekwa sezhinji chezvirimwa zvakasimwa.

Nei ivo? Ichokwadi ndechokuti idzi nharaunda dzinosiyaniswa nezviverengeka zvakanakira zvakajeka:

• Kudzivirirwa kwematope kubva kumhepo inotonhorera;
• Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvepanyama uye zvemamiriro ekunze (zvichienderana nekukwirira kwepamusoro);
• Kuwanda kwekupisa uye chiedza chezuva;
• Kuwanikwa kwekusingaperi kwemvura.

Musayendisiti akakurumbira N.I. Vavilov muma20-30-yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri akacherechedza nzvimbo 7 dzakabva mumiti yakadyarwa: East Asia, South Asia, South-West Asia, Mediterranean, Central America, South American uye Ethiopia.

Miti uye zvinhu zvavo

Miti yemitambo, imwe nzira kana imwe, yakabva mumiti yemusango. Zvisinei, vanogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva kwavari. Panguva imwe chete, imwe yemiti yakashandura maitiro avo zvakanyanya zvokuti yakatova yakaoma zvikuru kuziva kuti yakabva kupi.

Chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa ndechokuti tsika dzemitambo yemiti hadzina yavo chaiyo yekugovera nzvimbo.

Muti wemutauro ndiyo imwechete uye inokosha yehupenyu huri huno hune humwe hukama hwakabatana uye hunobatanidza zvikamu:

• Aboveground (trunk uye korona);
• Underground (root system).

Yakasimwa miti: mienzaniso

Miti yose yemitambo inogona kugoverwa mumapoka makuru maviri:

1. Kushongedza - kunoshandiswa pakugadzira nzvimbo uye nekugadzira mapaki, minda, magara (aya ndiwo mawillows, acacias, thuja, chestnuts, ash, platan, etc.).
2. Zvibereko - zvakasimwa kuti zvibereke michero uye zvichibereka zvokudya (iyi apulo, pear, peach, cherry, plum, quince, apricot nevamwe).

Apple muti ndeyemhando yemiti kubva kumhuri yePer, iyo inoratidzirwa nezvibereko zvayo zvinonaka uye zvakasviba zvemufananidzo wakazara. Kusvika iye zvino, kune zviuru gumi zvemuti uyu! Vakawanda vavo vanotaura nezvemhando yemiti yemu Apple. Zvinotendwa kuti nzvimbo yekuberekwa yemapuroti yakadyarwa ndeyezvikomo zveAlatau, munharaunda yezvino Kyrgyzstan. Kubvira ipapo akatamira kuEurope, uko nzvimbo yekubereka kwake yaiva yeGreece yekare. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti muKivanvan Rus, pasi peRaroslav the Wise, munda wemichero weapuro wakange watoiswa.

Cherry muti unobva kumhuri yaRoses, ine michero inotapira, iyo inowirirwa zvikuru. Icho chinomera chinonzi thermophilic kupfuura cherry. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti veEurope vaiziva nezvemarikiti kunyange mumireniyamu yechisere BC.

Peach (Persian plum) muti unobva kumhuri yePer, iyo michero inonaka inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemichero yakakonzerwa nemafuta epeach. Kunyanya, chibereko ichi chinozivikanwa zvikuru muUnited States. Nyika yekuzvarwa yemuti uyu, zvichida, iri kuchamhembe kweChina. MuEurope, munda wekutanga wepereji yakaiswa muzana remakore I muItaly.

Mukupedzisa ...

Miti yemagariro inounza kubatsirwa kukuru kune munhu. Havaiti kuti tipe zvibereko zvakawanda zvinokosha uye zvinofadza, asi tinofadzawo maziso edu mumapaki uye zvikwata. Zvakaoma kufungidzira upenyu husina miti yemitambo nemiti. Panguva imwe chete, masayendisiti nevarimi vanoenderera mberi kubudisa marudzi avo matsva.