Zvinokwanisika here kuberekwa nemhandara, kana Chii chinonzi parthenogenesis

Zvechokwadi mumwe nomumwe wenyu anoziva nyaya inotsanangurwa muMagwaro. Maria, ari musanangurwa waMwari, akajekesa mwana asina kunyatsoberekwa. Kunyangwe izvi zvichiitika kana kuti zvaingova mugumisiro wekufunga kwechisimba kwevanyori vezviitiko izvozvo, nhasi zvakaoma kutaura. Asi ngazvizikamwe kwamuri, kuberekwa kwemhandara munyika yedu chinhu chinowanikwa. Chii chinonzi parthenogenesis uye chii chaicho chaicho?

Nyika Inoshamisa

Zvichida, chimwe chezvinhu zvakavanzika zvikuru zvepasi rose zvinogona kuonekwa kune zvakabva kune hupenyu. Iko yakabva kupi uye ndiani ndiye muumbi wezvinhu zvose nezvose - chakavanzika nezvisimbiso zvinomwe. Asi zvisinei kuti ndiani muumbi wedu, akanga aita kuti hupenyu huri panyika yebhuruu husati hwaoma. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzayo, kugara muPasi, vanogona kuzvitora sevamwe zvakasiyana-siyana, dzimwe nguva nenzira dzisingatarisirwi.

Parthenogenesis

Chii chinonzi parthenogenesis? Iko kukwanisa kwomukadzi kuti abereke chizvarwa chitsva pasina kubatanidzwa kwemurume wepabonde. Izvi hazvirevi kuti varume havakwanisi zvachose, ivo, zvechokwadi, vanokosha. Parthenogenesis haisi iyo nzira yekuberekororazve, sezvimwe mune dzimwe mbeu (budding, somuenzaniso). Asi kana zvikaitika kuti chikadzi nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero chakanga chisingawanikwi nemumwe munhu kuti awane kubata uye kudyidzana kweii hakuna kuitika, iye aigona kugadzira mbeu yakazara pasina kubatanidzwa kwake. Iko kukwanisa kunopa hupenyu hwehupenyu hwakanaka chaizvo. Apo nhamba inowira, vakadzi vanogona kukurumidza kuzadza vanhu uye vanopfuurira jenasi. Ichi ndicho chinonzi parthenogenesis.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekuwedzera ichi ndiko murairo wehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevakadzi nevanhurume. Saka, semuenzaniso, nyuchi dzinobva mazai asina kufanana dzinoonekwa drones (varume), uye kubva kune vanhu vanoita fertilized - vose vari kushanda, vose vari vakadzi.

Mitemo ye parthenogenesis

Chii chinonzi parthenogenesis uye chingaitika sei kune mimwe mhuka? Mune dzimwe mhuka iyo inoonekwa seyo nzira huru yekuberekazve (obligate). Kune dzimwe mhando, inofamba, ndiko kuti, vana nguva nenguva vanoonekwa kubva kune unfertilized ova, asi kazhinji nekubatanidzwa kwemurume. Imwe nzira inosarudzwa, kana nzira yekukurumidza yekubereka nayo inopa mhando dzezvirudzi pamwe nekupona mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kwazvo kurarama, iyo ndiyo chinangwa che parthenogenesis kwavari. Izvi zviitiko, pane kudaro, zvakasiyana-siyana, nokuti kazhinji mhuka idzi dzinonamatira kubata pamwe chete.

Parthenogenesis mumhuka

Chii chinonzi parthenogenesis? Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mazai ebereki, asina unfertilized, anotanga kuchinjeka kuitira kuti gare gare ive munhu mukuru akange ari mupenyu. Parthenogenesis inogona kusiyanisa zvakasiyana mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Saka, somuenzaniso, kuberekwa ne parthenogenesis yenyuchi kunopesana zvikuru kubva pakuberekwa kwezvimwe zvipembenene, taura, zvipembenene.

Zivo yechinhu chinenogenesis ndechei uye zvinoitika sei zvakakonzera zvikuru kukura kwesayenzi uye yakapa kukurudzira kune kubuda kwemamwe mazano mumhizha. Nokudaro, masayendisiti akadzidza kuti parthenogenesis inokonzerwa nechimwe chechikoma pashure pekusvitsa kune mamwe mashizha. Izvi zvakakurumidza kuita zvakakonzera kubereka zvipembenene izvi.

Chii chinonzi chinonzi parthenogenesis chinonyatsozivikanwa kune vanochera nyuchi uye vatori vesiki, vazhinji vasingatendi vanoshandisa nzira iyi. Kubata pamuviri kusinganzwisisiki kunowanzoitwa nemamwe marudzi ezzards, hove, nzira yacho inonyatsozivikanwa kune vamiririri vezvitsuwa zvenyika, pane kunyange inhengo inotogenetic turkeys.

Vamiririri vesayenzi vari kushanda pakudzidza izvi, pasina tsvina. Kuedza kwakawanda kwakagadzirwa kutanga parthenogenesis mumhuka dzinodziya-neropa. Izvo zvinosuruvarisa kuti hazvigoni kutaurira mienzaniso, sezvimwe vamwe vave nekwenera kukura uye kukura kwebumbiro, asi harina kusvika pachigarire chekupedzisira. Kufarira kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwemishonga kunewo zvakawanda. Ongororo yakaitwa, mushure mokunge yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti vazhinji vakaroorana vasingakwanisi kuva nemwana, vangadai vakafara kusarudza kuberekwa kwakadaro semhandara. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida, nekufamba kwenguva, chifukidziro chekuvanzika chichave chakanaka. Uye chishamiso chichazadzika - parthenogenesis inogona kupa upenyu kumwana wemunhu.