Dimethyl Eteri - Contemporary huni Diesel injini

Esters pamusoro - nomukaka zviri alcohols, ivo mamorekuru iyo rehydrogen atomu ane OH boka iri kuchiiswa pamusoro kabhoni kukuru. Nokuti kwese Ester metamerism uye isomerism yeHydrocarbon cheni.

yeHydrocarbon cheni isomerism imhaka kwayo branching.

Metamerism - mhando isomerism umo maviri kana kupfuura esters vane samolecular inonyatsoita zvakafanana asi zvakasiyana samolecular chivako nokuda siyana radicals kumativi maviri yakachena "zambuko". Somuenzaniso, mashoko samolecular payakavakirwa anoenderana matatu S4N10O Esteri:

- CH3-O-CH (CH3) 2;

- CH3-O-C3H7;

- C2H5-O-C2H5.

Izvi zvinhu vakagadzirira zvokugadzirwa nevanhu, kusanganisira dimethyl Eteri. The yokuita remubatanidzwa ichi chinomiririrwa maviri methyl radicals, izvo interconnected okisijeni "zambuko".

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yezvakaita esters iri vakasununguka mamiriro hakuitiki. Dimethyl uye methyl ethyl esters, - magasi. Anotevera Vamiririri shoma - mvura, ukuwo yepamusoro esters - nezvishoma. Ndivo chaizvo havaratidzi soluble nemvura, chaizvo zvakanaka zvinoita zvokufembedzwa. Avhareji Vamiririri (dipropyl, propiletilovy diethyl) - zvinokosha zvinoita zvokufembedzwa. ehupfumi Zvokunyama ava Organic yeimwe zvinosiyana zvichienderana samolecular uremu.

Dimethyl Eteri Kugadzirira

Rinorondedzera fuma iri nyore soluble nemvura, panyaya iyi, diethyl uye dipropyl Eteri. Ester ichi inotengwa nokuda kupera mvura mumuviri uye methanol somunhu byproduct ari kugadzirwa methanol kubva CO uye H2. Anoshandiswa Refrigeration enyika ave refrigerant.

Munguva yemberi iri pedyo, Diesel injini achaiswa Kutamiswa kwete gasi, uye dimethyl Eteri. rokuvakazve kwakadaro kubva mutengo yavo isingadhuri zvikuru tichienzanisa yezwi negasi. The vaitungamirira nyika iri kugadzirwa injini ndivo US, Russia uye Japan.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, hurumende yeRussia akasarudza kushandisa nzira in mugwagwa senga. Dimethyl Eteri inoshandiswa mumarori. chisarudzo kukuru kwakaitwa nokuti kuti choutsi ose senitrogen yeimwe kubva Diesel injini kuiswa mune nemarori, mukati hwakagadzwa mitemo kanoverengeka. Dimethyl Eteri rakanakira ichi mhando injini, ivo vanenge hazvidi kuti reconstructed. Chete kuburikidza nokushandisa itsva nzira mafuta itsva upgraded injini asvika pachiyero Euro-3 zvipenyu.

Hurumende pasi pose vane chivimbo chokuti ramangwana huni Diesel injini ndiyo dimethyl Eteri. Nhasi fuma yakabereka kunyanya nokuda kunoitwa negasi. In nzendo muitiro wokutanga anongokurukurwa zvokuvandudza negasi, nokudaro pave kwetunhu gasi. Zvadaro, zvinonzi dzikwanise methyl doro. Uyezve amenable methanol kupera muviri, nokudaro kuwana dimethyl Eteri. Pane imwe nzira yokuti kwetunhu vakati Ester - zvakananga kutendeutsa kwetunhu gasi kuti methanol.

Esters zvichienzaniswa Diesel mafuta ine mikana uye, chokwadi, payakaipira. In sechivako Esteri mamorekuru chinoshayikwa "kabhoni-kabhoni" chisungo. Nokuda wandei okisijeni kugutsikana rinopa atomization zvakanaka Kubayiwawo jekiseni mhepo mumamiriro ezvinhu ane tembiricha T yepamusoro Kubika fuma pacharo. maitiro aya kuvandudza combustion. Uchishandisa ichi nzira mafuta zvinoderedza injini ruzha, izvozvo anowedzera rakavimbika.

The chikuru zvazvakashatira Ester ichi zvinosanganisira yakaderera calorific kukosha uye yakaderera arambe achirema. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira kuwedzera mafuta rinodyiwa. nyaya iyi murombo chaizvo lubricating ehupfumi.