Murairo kuora radioactive

mutemo Physical yokushata radioactive akanga akagadzira mushure 1896 Becquerel vawana chinonakidza kuti radioactivity. Hazvina nezvimwewo Kuchinja nuclei dzimwe mhuka vamwe, uye ivo emit siyana siyana nemwaranzi nezvimedu zvinhu. The kwacho zvinoitika sezvingatarisirwa, kana ichionekwa sezvingatarisirwa kuitika isotopes uye chakagadzirwa, panyaya yokugamuchira ava zvenyukireya siyana. Chinoumba iyo achizvipesanisa, riri kuonekwa mai, asi zvikazooneka - a chikamu. Nemamwe mashoko, inokosha mutemo yokushata radioactive inosanganisira zvemasanga dzinongoitika muitiro rokutendeutsa mumwe chinoumba kune mumwe.

The ongororo yakaratidza kuvapo Becquerel uranium exchange munyu wamboonekwa nemwaranzi, izvo kunokanganisa Photographic mundiro, uzere mhepo ions uye aiva nepfuma kuti vadarike marata ndiro. The kuedza kuti M. Pierre Curie uye Radium uye polonium achisimbisa kushaya, sokurondedzerwa kumusoro zvesayenzi, itsva pfungwa, rinonzi dzidziso nemwaranzi.

dzidziso iyi, izvo zvinoreva mutemo kuora radioactive, inobva kubvuma ane kwatangwa chichiitwa, riri pasi nhamba. Sezvo munhu nuclei kuora pasina mumwe, riri kuonekwa kuti avhareji uwandu raderera kwenhambo nguva Proportional kusvikira nguva nondecomposed kuvhara rikurumidze. Kana iwe kutevera mutemo exponential, nhamba zvichangobva kunodzikira yekudyidzana.

Kuwanda Chiitiko kunoratidzwa dzinokosha ehupfumi maviri chiedza: Panguva dzinonzi hafu-upenyu uye radioactive nuclei sredneraschitanny hwamazuva upenyu. Kutanga zvichisiyana pakati zvikamu chechipiri mumamiriyoni uye kwemabhiriyoni emakore. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti nuclei izvi regai tikwegure, uye hakuna zera pfungwa kwavari.

Radioactive mutemo kuora kunobva vanonzi mitemo zvaizopedza, uye ivo, akavapindurawo, migumisiro dzidziso richengetedzwe musimboti mutariri uye vakawanda nhamba. Rakavakwa experimentally kuti zvinokonzerwa remagineti mabasa nenzira dzakasiyana: a) bango Kutsauka kunoitika somunhu chokwadi mhosva nezvimedu; b) somunhu kunaka; c) haaratidzi chero kuita. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti mwaranzi ndiyo mhando nhatu.

Pane imwe nhamba uye mhando dzose kuora kwacho, pamwe nokubudiswa ane Erekitironi; positron; Absorção de Água mumwe Erekitironi uye neerekitironi. Zvinonzi zvakaratidza kuti mwoyo zvakafanana ayo mamiriro mutobvu, kuona kuora kubudikidza emitting. Fungidziro pakuzivikanwa se Arifa kuora uye yave akagadzira G. A. Gamovym muna 1928. Chechipiri shanduro yakanga akagadzira muna 1931 na Enrico Fermi. kuferefeta ake kwakaratidza kuti mamwe maerekitironi pachinzvimbo nuclei emit pakatarisana nezvimedu - positrons, uye nguva dzose pamwe ne akabuda ari PARTICIPLE ane razero yemagetsi mutariri nezororo vakawanda neurine. Nyore Muenzaniso Beta kuora anoonekwa hwepurotoni kuchinja dzouropi ane nguva munguva maminitsi 12.

dzidziso idzi, funga mutemo kuora radioactive, vaiva chikuru kusvikira 1940 remakore rechi19 kusvikira yefizikisi Soviet G. N. Flerov uye KA Petrzhak haana vawana mumwe mhando, umo uranium exchange nuclei nomuzvarirwo huviri zvakaenzana inoramba. Muna 1960 zvakanzi afanotaura kaviri-hwepurotoni radioactivity uye-Nyuturoni. Asi kusvikira ikozvino, kwakadai kuora kwakaitika kuedza haana kushanda uye haana kuwanikwa. Vakaziva chete hwepurotoni nemwaranzi, umo musimboti hwepurotoni iri vabudiswa.

Kukurira nyaya zvose izvi kwakaoma, kunyange zvazvo mutemo kuora radioactive riri nyore. Hazvisi nyore kunzwisisa zvayo mumuviri zvinoreva uye, chokwadi, kupa dzidziso iyi hakungogumiri kwehurongwa wefizikisi sezvo nyaya kuchikoro.