Nhoroondo utsanana sechinhu sainzi

Nhasi, hapana kunyange nezvishamiso kana kudiwa kugeza maoko avo kana vachibva mumigwagwa, hapana chokwadi nezvokukosha kugeza zuva nezuva, kuchenesa furati, kubvisa guruva uye tsvina. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nguva dzose. Paiva nguva apo vanhu havana vachikoshesa kukosha kune zvinhu zvakadai. Naizvozvo, nhoroondo utsanana sechinhu sainzi ane refu midzi pakadzika kare. Inomera sezvo nhasi zvahunoreva uye kwakapararira munyika dzose, vemarudzi ose.

Utsanana somunhu sayenzi: nyaya, zvinangwa uye zvinangwa

Ndiani kudzidza chirango ichi, uye chii chaachaita? Edza kunzwisisa.

Chinangwa nesayenzi iri kukura nzwisisika kudzivirira matanho anokwanisa kuipa kwevanhu kuvapo muna zvakatipoteredza uye chokubvisa kubva vasingadiwi zvirwere. Ndiko kutadzisa pave mabhakitiriya anokuvadza, nemavhairasi, notumwe akapoteredza vanhu, rine mashoko zvakakwana sei kuchengeta muviri wavo, musha, siya vakagadzikana utano mumugariro utano.

Saizvozvowo, chinangwa pakudzidza sayenzi munhu uye zvakatipoteredza, avo nekuita dzekuno simba pamusoro mamiriro uye utano mumwe.

Maererano chinangwa ichi, kurangwa zvainanga kuwana zvinotevera zvinangwa:

1. Kudzidza mugumisiro biotic uye abiotic kwezvakatipoteredza, uyewo evanhu zvinhu pamusoro utano uye evanhu, kusanganisira psycho-mupfungwa ayo bhora. Uye nokuda humboo vakawana kukudziridza kuva utano matanho kuti anogona kuderedza kana kubvisa izvi.
2. Kudziridza nzira kuvandudza kutsiga womunhu muviri wacho kuramba siyana zvinokonzera.
3. Chimbofunga matambudziko utachiona vanhu uye kuti asimbise chine matanho kurwisa navo.

Saka chii vari mabasa kuisa pacharo sayenzi iyi? utano hwevanhu - kuchikonzerwa kudzivirira, dziviriro, kubviswa zvichibvira dambudziko mberi.

kupatsanura kurangwa

With kukura ruzivo pamusoro utsanana mitemo iri zvesayenzi zvikamu kuti kuongorora chaiwo ekushandiswa yevanhu. Saka, pane zvakawanda matavi chikuru utsanana.

1. Total - zvainanga paumbwe yakaoma Anti-denda zviyero, kubaya chavagari kubva zvinokonzerwa zvirwere kuchinjwa kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.
2. Communal hwemuviri - anoongorora zvakananga kwechirwere Magariro uye dzakasiyana-siyana nemisha utano hwevanhu. Saka, pano unogona zvinosanganisira utsanana, ivhu, mvura, mhepo, dzinogarwa nzvimbo, misha uye zvimwe zvivako zvinoshandiswa nevoruzhinji.
3. Power. indasitiri ino nechinangwa kudzidza kubata nouwandu zvokudya kuramba zvakajairika utano uye kugwinya. Kuti mudonzvo Division pakati Food hwemuviri akakwanisa Nenyaya Iyi mufananidzo upenyu hwomunhu pamwe runodiwa uwandu macalorie, asiwo kuva muviri matanho kudzivirira-siyana zvirwere (kufutisa, kudya bulimia, chirwere cheshuga, etc.).
4. Occupational utano correlates dzevanhu kushanda mamiriro uye utano mamiriro, uyewo yakawiriranwa zvaiitwa zviratidzo izvi.
5. Kugeza vana uye kuyaruka. Special bazi, sezvo zvainanga Chizvarwa ruzivo pamusoro kukosha matanho ari chikoro nevana uye vanoenda kukireshi mu. Ndivo vanotanga kuona kuti kudzidza sayenzi utsanana, nei chinodiwa uye chii urishandise zvirimowo.

The chikuru zvikamu utsanana

Kuwedzera kune izvi, pane vakawanda zvikamu zvakasiyana zviri vaiona kurangwa:

• nemwaranzi;
• uto;
• mbatya;
• senga;
• nzvimbo;
• chipatara;
• unodzokera;
• mupfungwa utsanana;
• pachako;
• voruzhinji;
• musha utsanana.

Zviri pachena kuti kudzidza uku kunosanganisira zvose magariro zvipenyu, zvemakemikari uye panyama zvingakanganisa utano hwevanhu. Ndokusaka hwemuviri - sayenzi utano (pakutanga). Izvi kunosimbiswa ayo hwepedyo sayenzi dzevanhu nevamwe.

Utsanana ukama nevamwe sayenzi

Kupiwa chaizvo ari vaiona kuranga, kwete kuoma zvokufungidzira kuti sayenzi huru akarondedzera - ndiko:

• mushonga;
• epidemiology;
• Ecology (zvachose uye munhu);
• zvidukuduku;
• Toxicology.

Vose vari pedyo kukurukurirana, uye paumbwe yokungotaura framework utsanana dzinongoita kwakavakirwa mashoko akarongwa anoranga.

Kunyanya pedyo kuonana vane utsanana uye ikoroji kwevanhu. Pashure pezvose, chinhu chokutanga - murume uye kudzidza rechipiri - kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo vanhu vari kugara uye kuramba pedyo kuonana zvakasikwa, ipapo sainzi ataurwa pamusoro apa, haagoni kutaura. Saka, Somuenzaniso, utsanana dzemunharaunda rinorondedzerwa kunonyanyisa bvumidzwa pfungwa pamusoro zvinokuvadza, magasi, kuchena mudenga. Ecology Rinoshandisa zviratidzo izvi dzemaitirwe uye characterization mhepo yepamusoro.

Inotungamirwa uye kukura nesayenzi munyika yekare

Nhoroondo utano pakukura midzi kare. Pashure pezvose, kunyange munyika yekare paiva zviratidzo utano uye kuchengeteka nezvemhosva kukosha utsanana uye kurongeka wokutanga.

Kune akawanda zvikuru nhoroondo nzvimbo, iyo yakatanga zvinokosha utsanana. Somuenzaniso, kuIndia yekare atora dzinoverengeka mitemo inokosha. Vanoratidza dzinokosha mitemo pachedu uye voruzhinji utsanana (rokuchenesa marara kubva mumigwagwa, kuvigwa wevakafa kudzivisa kupararira kutapukirwa, muviri tigutsikane iri yakachena uye zvichingodaro).

Anongoda chete mitemo zvaiva chikamu mitemo yenyika pamwe vekare vaGiriki, vaIjipiti, Chinese, vaJudha uye vaRoma. All izvi vanhu vaifanira kuchengeta mitemo zvinotevera:

• hwepabonde utano;
• mitemo pachedu kuchengetedza muviri wakanaka;
• zvaidiwa utongi zvokudya;
• voga vanhu vanorwara kubva hwakanaka;
• sunbathing;
• physiotherapy uye zvichingodaro.

Kunyatsogona zvaiita utsanana munguva dzekare

Pasinei iyi yekare mubvunzo, zvisinei, muIjipiti yekare (mumakore BC) vaishanda, zvino nyaya zvaiita utsanana. Saka, vaIjipiti akaomeswa ivhu kudzivisa kunyanya hydration uye kugadzira tupukanana, achitanga, notumwe uye mamwe majemusi. Achiri kuziva chaizvoizvo hapana kuvapo kwavo.

Vaiva wokutanga kuvaka nyore pombi hurongwa. Kune vamwe mitemo, dzakanga vakapakata mumigwagwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vose unyanzvi izvi uye ruzivo kune dzimwe kumatunhu panyika.

VaRoma kunyange vakakwanisa kuvaka vakadaro mapaipi mugadziriro, izvo vaionekwa chishamiso zvigadzirwa. migwagwa yavo dzaiva maturo uye vakasununguka nouipi, akatonga kumativi rucheno.

The chikuru nzvimbo kuwanda uye kuvandudzwa yokungotaura zivo chii chinoumba nhoroondo utsanana, aiva Ancient Greece.

The mupiro Hippocrates

Ancient Greece ndiyo inozivikanwa ayo vanhu akanaka. Shure zvose, ichi ndicho chikuru vagari Greece. kukura kwomuviri uye dzigadziridzwe simba, natrenirovannosti uye runako rwomuviri - zvakanga zvakakosha kwazvo kuti ose Hellene. The inokosha mitemo utsanana vaiva iyi:

• Healthy uye zvinoitika kudya;
• runako rwomuviri muviri;
• kurovedza uye kudzidzisa kutanga simba uye tsandanyama.

izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa mabasa makuru muzivi, chiremba, musayendisiti uye anofunga kuti panguva Hippocrates. In basa rake "On mudenga, mvura uye ivhu", iye inojekesa kuti vaiona zvinhu zvinokosha chaizvo kuramba hwandaiva ezvinhu hutano hwehama ru- zvinhu. Uyewo, aitenda kuti kunyange mvura pachena uye mhepo anokwanisa kurapa zvirwere, kana iwe zvakachena, kuporesa.

Mumwe basa rake - "nzira utano youpenyu" - hunosimbisawo sei kukosha kunyange panguva iyoyo yakapiwa zvepakutanga nemitemo utsanana uye sanitization.

Discipline muna Ages

Nhoroondo utano kukura iyi, uyewo paumbwe sayenzi zvose zvimwe, kwave kuchiita kurega kunotanga. Munyika dzakawanda zvinonzi vaiona svinuka kugeza uye kuchenesa nguo dzenyu uye pokugara, vanhu vakasununguka akadurura tsvina zvakananga kubva nemahwindo dzimba mumugwagwa. Munguva iyi nguva denda unotsamwira zvirwere zvakadai denda, fivha, tibhii, korera, uye zvichingodaro.

nyika chete vashoma (hweOttoman Empire, China, Japan, Russia) anoramba kupiwa ruremekedzo span. Dzokugezera, hammams, namabhati - vose ava vaiva zvivako vashambemo muviri.

Zvisinei, vanenge vose Europe akatambura unhygienic ezvinhu. Pane muhombe njovhera utachiona, zvirwere ziso, chibhokisi, typhus. Kwese vaiva hondo, akanga akasimba feudalism uye serfdom.

Development noutano sechinhu nesayenzi ari XV-XVII emakore

Kutanga kubva XV remakore munyika dzakawanda vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma mutsai kufarira utsanana. Dzumbunuka aqueducts, migwagwa akaitwa kunze ibwe, tsvina batanidza nzvimbo zvikuru akasarudzwa. Bathing hakuchisina vaiona kuva kuratidzwa maturo uye kungova makirasi yakaderera. Mukupesana, paiva dzokugezera, izvo zvinogutswa nezvinhu zvemiti inonhuhwirira mvura. Mumazana simbi kuti sipo pamwe kuwedzera mafuta anonhuhwirira.

Kuwanda panomuka shoma, asi mamiriro ezvinhu akanga achiri achiri chaizvo zvisingafadzi.. Munhu kokutanga akamboda kupembedza hunonzi kukosha utsanana, akanga Italian Bernardino Ramazzini. Ndiye akasika basa "Discourse pamusoro zvirwere remhizha", iro akaratidza kuvimba utano hwevanhu kubva zvakatipoteredza.

XVIII-XIX remakore munhoroondo utsanana

Nhoroondo kukura utano nesayenzi munguva zvikuru inokura. Shure zvose, vakawanda vari kutanga kuvaka guta, kwezvivako ari kuchinja. Vanhu vakanga vachitya panomuka, saka kunyatsoongorora kuongorora rucheno yoga nyaya nguva.

Zvaive munguva iyi yakatanga kukura sayenzi zvakadai wefizikisi, kemisitiri, zvipenyu, zvidukuduku. Kunosiya chiratidzo pamusoro utsanana. Zvino, utano hwevanhu runoonekwa chete pavanoparidza mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza haangaparadzaniswi pairi. Tikadzidza simba mhepo, ivhu akafanana, zvakaita mvura yokunwa, zvokudya, rucheno uye utsanana mu mamiriro rwevanhu zvokunyama munhu.

Chiizve tinogona kuudza nyaya utsanana? sayenzi yemazuva ine mavambo kungadiwa nokuda chiremba wokuGermany Pettenkofer. Akazarura fakaroti wokutanga weDhipatimendi hwemuviri paYunivhesiti Munich, saka, runoonekwa kuva baba chirango ichi.

Nhoroondo akapfuura utano muRussia

Nhoroondo utano kukura muRussia akaenda ayo, nenzira chaiyo inokosha. Anenge makore 300 zvisati zvaitika mu Europe, Russia akaripira mutero vose anoshanda uye experimental utsanana. Mutsindo musayendisiti uyo akaita mupiro mukuru kuti kukura sayenzi iyi, ndiwo:

• makeke;
• vakachenjera;
• Zakhar'in;
• Dobroslavin;
• Erismann;
• Khlopin;
• Nicholas;
• Osipov;
• Belousov;
• Soloviev nevamwe vazhinji.

Chinonyanya ndichibvunza kukura kwakanga chete utsanana muna XIX-XX emakore. Panguva iyoyo chirwere uye zvirwere zvevanhu vave kuzivikanwa dzinoitwa zvakatipoteredza.