Cytology - ichi ndechimwe vaizotibata zvikuru matavi ruzivo kwevanhu

Cytology - sainzi achidzidza muchitokisi nekuita muchitokisi mamiriro izvo, akavapindurawo, chinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira dzavamwe vapenyu muviri. Izwi anowana kubva muchiGiriki Dzidziso "kitos" uye "Logos", zvinoreva, ukuwo, sero uye kudzidzisa yekare.

Mavambo uye mangwanani kukura sayenzi

Cytology - mumwe rose renyeredzi of Sciences, izvo vakakosa kure mune ano nguva zvipenyu. Akatangira parinowanika raiva nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa maikorosikopu iri XVII remakore. Yakanga kuona upenyu kuburikidza yakadaro chinyakare design, asi wokuEngland Robert guk kutanga kuwana kuti masero ine zvose zvipenyu. Saka, akaisa kuti cytology zvidzidzo nhasi. A gumi gare gare, mumwe musayendisiti - Antoni Levenguk - vakaona kuti masero ane zvachose akarayira marongerwo uye kushanda avaiita. Iye ndohwaJehovha kuwanikwa nezvokuvapo nuclei. Zvisinei, kwenguva yakareba cherudo muchitokisi uye huchishanda risafambira mberi kushata nemaikorosikopu nguva. Uyezve nhanho inokosha vakatorwa pakati pezana XIX remakore. Zvino paiva yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika zvigadzirwa, nokudaro kusika pfungwa itsva, uye iyo chikwereti kukurumidza kukura kwayo pamusoro cytology. Izvi, kupfuura zvose, kuwanikwa protoplasm uye kwaita muchitokisi dzidziso.

The chidzoke foni dzidziso

Inobva vaunganidza pakazotanga empirical ruzivo, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu M. Schleiden uye T. Schwann zvinenge panguva aida nyika nesayenzi pfungwa yokuti zvose mhuka uye chirimwa masero akafanana mumwe, uye kuti sero rimwe vakadaro pacharwo ose zvinhu uye mashandiro anoita mupenyu muviri . kunzwisisa kunzwisisa upenyu siyana panyika kwakadaro aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira panzira mberi vakapfuura cytology. Izvi zvinoshandawo ayo pakuzadzisa.

Kuwanikwa protoplasm

Chinotevera kukura inokosha akati nzvimbo unyanzvi raiva kuwanika uye rondedzero zvivako zviri protoplasm. Zviri venhumbi inozadza cellular Utachiona, uye unosvikirwa kuti sero miviri. Papera masayendisiti ruzivo nezvenyaya iyi kunge wakashanduka-shanduka. Nhasi anonzi cytoplasm.

Pakuzadzisa uye Kuwanikwa yokugara nhaka

In yechipiri yezana XIX discrete masero kuti huri mairi yakawanikwa muchitokisi musimboti. Vakadaidzwa okutodza. kudzidza yakashamisa chavanhu mitemo magene chamazuva. Mupiro zvikuru munzvimbo iyi pakataurwa kuguma XIX remakore yeAustria Gregor Mendel.

State of unyanzvi

Nokuti ano vezvesayenzi cytology - iyi ndiyo imwe matavi inokosha zivo zvoutachiona. Kwakadaro raita kukura nzira yesayenzi uye michina nezvaanogona. Nzira cytology ano zvinowanzoshandiswa pakutsvakurudza anobatsira vanhu, somuenzaniso, ari kudzidza kenza, kukura chakagadzirwa zvomukati, uyewo maberekero, genetics, ruminant itsva mhando nemhuka nezvirimwa uye zvichingodaro.