Ari cortex sei? Cortex

Pari, zvinozivikanwa kuti dzakakwirira mashandiro anoita tsinga, zvakadai sokuita kuti kuziva zviratidzo kubva zvakatipoteredza, kuti basa pfungwa, kuti nemusoro uye mafungiro, zvikuru nokuti sei cerebral cortex. Cortex, tichaita kufukidza munyaya ino.

Chokwadi chokuti munhu anoziva ukama hwake nevamwe, nokuda excitation pamusoro Neural network. Tiri kutaura avo kuti zvinowanika kuhukura. Ndiyo STRUCTURAL hwaro uchenjeri uye pfungwa.

neocortex

mabhiriyoni 14 Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ari chepfungwa cortex. Cortex, iyo ichakurukurwa pazasi, zvichishanda kuburikidza navo. Unorema Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu (anenge 90%) rinoumbwa neocortex. Ndezvenguva somatic tsinga, kuva kwayo soro integrative dhipatimendi. Chinonyanya kukosha kushanda neocortex - kubudiswa uye kududzirwa mashoko awanika nomukombiyuta pfungwa (kutarisana, somatosensory, kuravira, kunzwa). Zvinokoshawo kuti Rinotarisira zvakaoma tsandanyama kufamba. Muna neocortex Inzvimbo iyo vanobatanidzwa pakutaura pezvakaitwa kushandisa pfungwa uye ndangariro chekuchengeta. The chikuru Chikamu pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi, ndiko neurophysiological hwaro chavanoziva.

paleocortex

Paleocortex - mumwe guru uye rinokosha dhipatimendi, inova cerebral cortex. Cortex ukama nayo, zvinokoshawo chaizvo. mugove uyu ane nyore chivakwa kupfuura neocortex. Pezvakaitwa kuitika pano, mupfungwa haisi nguva dzose kuzivikanwa. yepamusorosoro autonomic nzvimbo dziri mu paleocortex.

Kutaura runotikurudzira cortex zvikamu uropi

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kubatana pakati cerebral cortex kunzvimbo dzakaderera Mapoka uropi (thalamus, basal nuclei, bhiriji midbrain). Zvinonzi chinozoiswa kushandisa guru faibha mwanda, izvo iumbe Kamudzira yomukati. Izvi faibha mwanda vari yakafara akaturikidzana, rinoumbwa chena chikukutu. Inosanganisira fibers tsinga dzakawanda (mamiriyoni). Vamwe fibers izvi (axons pakati Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ari thalamus) inopa kupararira tsinga anonongedzera kuna cortex. Chimwe chikamu, dzinova axons pamusoro cortical Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu inotarisira wokushandura navo etsinga nzvimbo papi pazasi.

Sechivako cerebral cortex

Unoziva kuuropi ndiko kuri? Vamwe ungave wafungidzira chii chaiitika. Ndicho cerebral cortex. Cortex - izvi chete mhando imwe zvidimbu aunonyanya mairi. Saka, zvinoita rakakamurwa kurudyi nekuruboshwe hemispheres. Nechokuita mumwe matanda chena zvikukutu iyo inowanikwa iri corpus callosum. The chikuru kushanda corpus callosum ndiko kuitira Kufambisa pakati hemispheres maviri.

Cortex ne nzvimbo

Kunyange zvazvo mune cerebral cortex ane pazvirugu zhinji, zvinonyatsorehwa urongwa mikuru sulci uye gyri vaine nguva. Naizvozvo, makuru acho ndiwo chipimo weboka nzvimbo cortex. Rayo pamusoro rakakamurwa grooves matatu 4 hacho. migove izvi (zvikamu) - epanyama, occipital, parietal uye frontal. Kunyange zvazvo vari dzinounzwa ne nzvimbo, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane ayo chaizvo basa pachavo.

Rwepanyama cortex ndiyo musimboti uko auditory cortex analyzer. Kana kukuvara kunoitika kusanzwa. The auditory cortex, mukuwedzera, ane centre Wernicke kutaura. Kana kukuvara nayo atadza kutaura. It kunonzwisiswa sezvo ruzha. Uyezve, mune zvenyama akafukidza vari Neural nzvimbo chokuita vestibular midziyo. pfungwa mwero akashatirwa ari chiitiko kukuvara.

Kutaura cortical nzvimbo pfungwa iri frontal akafukidza. Izvi ndipo pakati-Speech. Kuri kuti zvakarurama hemisphere nayo chinozadzwa kukuvaradzwa, atadza kushandura inzwi uye timbre inzwi. It anova monotonous. Kana kukuvara zvinoreva hemisphere kuruboshwe, apo panewo inzwi cortex nokupera nekunyatsotsanangura. It haazombotaurwi sokukwanisa nziyo uye zvakajeka kutaura.

The chinooneka cortex pamusoro occipital akafukidza anoenderana. Pane dhipatimendi kuti ndiye anokonzera chiratidzo yedu sezvo vakadaro. Nyika yakatipoteredza iri panoonekwa uropi, kwete meso. Anokonzera chiratidzo chete chikamu occipital. Naizvozvo, kana kukuvara mukuumba yakakwana kana kukwana upofu.

Parietal akafukidza anewo yayo chaiyo basa pachavo. Hazvina basa kuongorora ruzivo chokuita zvinonyatsorehwa utetsa: tactile, tembiricha, marwadzo. Mune chiitiko kukuvara havachakwanisi kubvuma zvinhu nokuda kubata, uyewo mamwe nemamwe mano.

motokari nharaunda

Ndinoda kutaura nezvazvo voga. Chokwadi kuti injini cortex asingadi Nenyaya Iyi pamwe sangano pamusoro takataura pamusoro. Ndizvo chikamu cortex, iro rine achiburuka zvakananga kwakaita kuti musana, kana panzvimbo, pamwe ake motokari Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Saka vakatumidza Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti kudzora netsandanyama.

Main gwenya cortex iri mune precentral gyrus. With zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa gyrus iri girazi mufananidzo mumwe vematunhu, murove. Akacherechedza contralateral innervation. Nemamwe mashoko, innervation kunoitika pamusoro tsandanyama iri divi muviri. Kusara ndiyo chiso nharaunda umo huripo bilateral kudzora shaya tsandanyama ezasi chikamu kumeso.

Chimwe okuwedzera gwenya cortex iri munharaunda iri pazasi huru bhendi. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti ane akazvimirira mabasa chokuita gwenya kufamba kweropa goho. Izvi injini cortex yavewo nemasayendisiti. Ari kuedza kuisa pamusoro mhuka, yakanga vakawana kuti zvinoisa dzayo kweiyi motokari mhinduro. Uye ichi ichokwadi kunyange kana chikuru chinonzi motor cortex akambopiwa kuparadzwa. Chikuru hemisphere chinobatanidzwa kurudziro uye kuronga kutaura kufamba. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti inotungamirira kuzotadzira guru aphasia.

Cortex of mabasa uye mamiriro

Somugumisiro kurapwa zvaanorumbidza uye vasiri kuedza kuitwa yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, yakanga yakaiswa kumatunhu muganhu, izvo projected dzakasiyana Kanotokonya pemvura. Pakati yokupedzisira oga sezvo pfungwa, nechinangwa kunze nyika (ganda wanda, kunzwa, kuona), uye avo anobatanidzwa mumazita mavari nhengo dzose pakufamba (kinetic kana injini analyzer).

Occipital dunhu - the mapazi ari kutarisana analyzer (minda 17 kusvika 19), mukuru epanyama - acoustic analyzer (minda 22, 41 uye 42), postcentral nharaunda - ganda-kinesthetic analyzer (minda 1, 2 uye 3).

Representatives cortical analyzers siyana nokuda nerevane mamiriro vari akakamurwa anotevera zvikamu zvitatu cortex ari Hemisférios Cerebrais: chikuru, yechipiri uye tertiary. Mukutanga nguva, panguva fetus, kwawaiita chikuru, ayo kuburikidza nyore cytoarchitectonics inozivikanwa. Kanenge kutanga tertiary. Vane kwazvo mamiriro. An zvenguva chinzvimbo semaonero iyi maonero, nenzvimbo inokosha mapazi yechipiri pakati Hemisférios Cerebrais pakati cerebral cortex. Tinopa iwe tikanyatsoongorora mashandiro uye marongerwo neimwe, uyewo ukama hwavo nhengo uropi yaiva pazasi, kunyanya, kuti thalamus.

The nechepakati munda

Masayendisiti pamusoro namakore dzawana ruzivo kudzidza yokuora zvidzidzo. Somugumisiro pakuongorora, zvakanzi vakawana zvikurukuru kuti kuzotadzira zvimwe kumunda Zvinoumba vamiririri cortical analyzers zvazvinoita zvinonakisa kunotoda mufananidzo hakusi nerokuti. Chimwe minda, mumwe anomira kunze kuremekedza ichi, izvo ane nzvimbo nechepakati chinzvimbo munharaunda renyukireya. Inonzi chikuru kana nechepakati. Ivo munda vakaverengwa 17 ari kutarisana nzvimbo, auditory - pasi nhamba 41, uye imwe kinesthetic - 3. kukuvara kwavo kuupenyu dzakakomba zvikuru nemigumisiro. Wakarasikirwa kukwanisa kuziva kana kuita zvikuru dzisinganyatsooneki Kusiyanisa kuitika zvinoenderana analyzers.

chikuru mapazi

akagadzirwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu chinonyanya muhurukuro chikuru vematunhu, izvo dzakashandisa kupa cortico-subcortical bilateral ukama. It ndiyo uye yakananga nzira rinobatanidza pamwe cortex kana mumwe nhego kutsinga dzinouya. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, chikuru cortex anogona secrete mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira zvakakwana.

An chinokosha zvakafanana chepfungwa chadzo uye STRUCTURAL sangano nzvimbo idzi - ndiko kuti zvose pane pachena somatotopical fungidziro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu wacho pfungwa arikunze (the retina, ganda pose, cochlea, skeletal tsandanyama) vari projected kupinda unoenderana kukurairisai delimited pfungwa iri chikuru mapazi runoenzanirana analyzer cortex. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi vakadaidzwa fungidziro.

yechipiri mapazi

Zvikasadaro kunzi peripheral, uye ichi ndicho hapana tsaona. Vari renyukireya nzvimbo cortex, zvayo peripheral nhengo. Secondary zvikamu zvakasiyana chikuru kana nechepakati kuratidzwa vasiri, kunyanya neuronal sangano uye architectonic.

Chii charinoita zvinochengetwa apo zvemagetsi kurudziro kana kukundwa? Migumisiro izvi zvinesungano kuchitendero zvikuru kunzwisisa siyana kushanda kwendangariro. Kana mapazi yechipiri akarova, zvokutanga nezvekufadza nekaupenyu vakachengetedzwa. It zvinovhiringidza ainyanya kukwanisa zvakarurama kuratidza dzekuno noukama uye zvivako yose zvinoumba zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo takabvuma. Kana ashatirwa yechipiri auditory mapazi uye kutarisana cortex, kuti akaona auditory uye ziso zvisipo, muAtlantic mu kutevedzana (nguva uye nzvimbo).

nzvimbo idzi dzinokosha nokuda Kuzadziswa interconnection pakati mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira, izvo kusarudzwa kunoitika achishandisa zvikuru zvikamu. Mukuwedzera, ivo kuita basa rinokosha muupenyu, kusanganisa kuminda zvenyukireya mashandiro anoita analyzers siyana kana aibatanidza yemichato iri kunzwisisa hurongwa.

Secondary vematunhu, saka zvakakosha kuti kuzadziswa zvikuru kunzwisisa siyana kushanda kwendangariro, vachikumbira Kufambisa uye vakabatana nokungwarira kuongorora ratios pasi kuitika, uye pamwe dzidziso nenguva uye dzakapoteredza nzvimbo. Panyaya iyi chichasimbiswa kunzi assotsionnymi. Afferent nomunhu kubva receptors izvo anoona pamusoro siyana kutungamirirwa cortex, richisvika humboo munda kubudikidza muzvizhinji yakawedzerwa haizoshandisi mu assotsionnyh thalamic nuclei (thalamus). Kusiyana neizvi, afferent pulses vanotevera chikuru mapazi tasvika dzavo pfupi nzira kuburikidza ataure musimboti thalamus.

Chii thalamus

Fibers kubva thalamic nuclei (imwe kana kupfuura) akakodzera nerimwe akafukidza uropi hemispheres. Thalamus kana thalamus, iri hunoita nhengo nhatu, munzvimbo yayo nharaunda nechepakati. It rine muzvizhinji pakati cores, chimwe nechimwe transmits rimwe kupomba mugove zvakanaka kurondedzerwa pamusoro cortex.

All anonongedzera mazano kwachiri (kunze olfactory) nomunyika ataure uye integrative thalamic neerekitironi. Uyezve fibers kuuya kwavari kuti kubatwa nzvimbo (ari parietal akafukidza - kuti somatosensory kuravira, mune rwenyama - kunzwa ari occipital - kune zvinhu). Pulses vanosvika azvaitwa kubva ventral basal-yakaoma, asi medial uye lateral nuclei. Maererano injini cortical dzoga, vane kubatana kune ventrolateral uye ventral Anterior nuclei yacho thalamus.

eeg desynchronization

Chii chinoitika kana munhu yozorora, pakarepo pave simba anotikurudzira? Chokwadi, iye pakarepo takamuka uye pfungwa iri vakurukurirane pfungwa dzake. Kuchinja mabasa pfungwa, rinoitwa kubva zororo kusvikira mamiriro basa rinoenderana yokutsiva iri eeg Arifa mutinhimira ari Beta mutinhimira, uyewo mamwe nokufamba kakawanda. Kuchinja uku, inonzi eeg desynchronization, rinowanika somugumisiro kuti goko kubva nonspecific thalamic nuclei zvokudya kutsinga dzinouya dzishande.

Reticular simba hurongwa

Nonspecific neerekitironi vanoumba diffuse tsinga mambure, iri thalamus, zvayo medial zvikamu. Izvi Anterior Exchange (reticular simba hurongwa), iyo anoita excitability yacho cortex. Various Switch anonongedzera anogona Activate ari APC. Vanogona kuva nokuona, vestibular, somatosensory, olfactory uye auditory. APC - a kupa mashoko anonongedzera vari kuburikidza nonspecific nuclei riri thalamus pemvura akaturikidzana ari cortex. Excitation APC inoita basa rinokosha. Zvakakodzera aine wakasvinura mamiriro. In mhuka experimental umo hurongwa yakatyoka, paiva dreamlike ezvinhu pakoma.

tertiary mapazi

Functional ukama zvinogona kurondwa pakati analyzers zvinotonyanya kunzwisisa pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Morphologically mberi kwavo kuomesa zvauya kubva chokwadi kuti panguva kukura pemvura hemisphere renyukireya munda analyzers, zvikamu izvi bindepinde vashanduri. Munzvimbo cortical nzvimbo analyzer mufananidzo "pindana nharaunda", kureva tertiary mapazi. idzodzo ava pakati mhando yakaomesesa mabasa kushamwaridzana ganda-kinesthetic, auditory uye kutarisana analyzers. Tertiary zvikamu vatova miganhu pachavo minda zvenyukireya yavo. Naizvozvo, vanhu vasafara uye kukuvadza haiiti kuti zvikuru kurasikirwa zviitiko. Uyewo kana toreva chaizvo mashandiro ari analyzer kusina chinokosha migumisiro.

Tertiary mapazi - chaiyo nzvimbo cortex. Vanogona kunzi musangano "vakapararira" zvinhu analyzers siyana. Kureva kuti, zvinhu voga havachakwanisi kuita chero chipi kuoma Syntheses uye inoongorora kuti mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira. The nharaunda anogara ari zvikuru rakakura. Unokanganisa pasi rive nhamba nzvimbo. tsanangura muchidimbu navo.

Rokunze parietal nharaunda kwakakosha kusangana nemafambiro dzose ziso analyzers muviri uye kuti muviri kuumba vematunhu. Kana akaderera parietal, rinoreva mubatanidzwa chaihwoihwo uye generalized siyana zvichikurukura chokuita kunzwisisa uye kusiyaniswa nenguvo dzakarukwa zvakanaka kutaura uye kuramba maitiro, iro Implementation iyo inotongwa zvaakaratidzwa.

Area temporo-parietal-occipital kunokoshawo chaizvo. Hazvina basa kusangana pakubhadhara dzakaoma Zvinhu uye auditory analyzers mutauro wakanyorwa uye kutaurwa.

Cherechedza kuti zvikamu vane tertiary kunzwisisa kwokubatana vematunhu zvichienzaniswa nesekondari. Bilateral noushamwari zvandakavona thalamic nuclei zvivako chokuita, akavapindurawo, ataure-cores kuburikidza refu cheni yomunyika kwokubatana zvinowanikwa zvakananga thalamus.

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, zviri pachena kuti munyika dzine ari chikuru kwevanhu, zvikamu chesekondari uye tertiary vari cortex, izvo chaizvo specialized. Zvikurukuru zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti mapoka 3 cortical dzoga pamusoro apa, pane kazhinji kushanda tambo pamwe kukurukurirana maitiro uye nokuchinja pakati pachavo uye subcortical ezvirevo mashandiro somunhu rose akaoma kusiyaniswa.