Kozarbayev ane makore mangani? Biography of Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Nazarbayev ndiye mutungamiri (wokutanga uye oga) weKazakh SSR (1990-1991) uye Republic of Kazakhstan (December 1991 - iripo). Muna 1984 kusvika muna1989 akatungamira Council of Ministers yeKazakh SSR, ndokubva ava munyori wekutanga weCentral Committee yeCommunist Party. Anoshevedza zita rokuti "Mutungamiriri weNyika". Muna 2011, vanhu vakasarudzazve Nursultan Abishevich kwegore rechina. Muchikamu chino iwe uchaiswa nehupenyu hweMutungamiri weKazakhstan. Uyewo iwe uchadzidza nezve makore mangani Nursultan Nazarbayev. Saka, ngatitangei kutanga.

Vabereki

Nursultan Nazarbayev akaberekerwa mumusha weKemolgan (Alma-Ata nzvimbo yeKazakh SSR) muna 1940. Vabereki vemutungamiri wenyika vaizoshanda mune zvekurima. Baba-Abish-vakazvarwa mumhuri yeNazarbay, uye amai vake - Alzhan - kubva kumhuri yeMralah aul Kasyk. Baba vaHerultan vaiva munhu anofara uye anoremekedzwa. Mukuwedzera kune Kazakh, aiziva mitauro yeRussia neBalkar zvakanaka. Abish akanaka kwazvo Russian uye Kazakh nyimbo, aigara achifara kune vaenzi uye akakwanisa kupa mazano anobatsira. Iye zvino unoziva kuti Nazarbayev ane makore mangani. Ngationei muchidimbu nezvemhuri yemutungamiri.

Mhuri

Nhoroondo yeNazarbayev ine dhesi ye pedigree yake kusvika kurudzi rwegumi nemaviri. Nursultan Abishevich pachake akamuziva kubva paudiki. Muchizvarwa chechisere, baba vake chaivo vaiva Karasai Batyr, anozivikanwa nokuda kwekushandisa kwake muhondo pakurwa neDzungars (1640-1680). Sekuru vaHergultan vainzi Nazarbay. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwema 1880, akanga ari munhu akanaka-kuita, aiva neguyo remvura rine mugwagwa wakatorwa nayo.

Apo bhuku rokuti "Pasina kusiyiwa uye rakarurama" rakabudiswa muna 1991, maKazakhs akadzidza kwete makore angana Nazarbayev aiva, asiwo akaverenga pamusoro pehama dzake dzose.

• Hanzvadzi - Anipa.
• Hama - Satybaldy uye Bulat.
• Mudzimai wake Sarah Alpysovna. Panguva yaanotungamirira chirongwa che "charity fund" Kid ".
• Vanasikana: Dariga - vamiriri muparamende, vakarambana; Alia - ari kuita bhizimisi, anotungamirira kambani yekuvaka "Elitstroy"; Dinara - inhengo huru yebhanga reZimbabwe reKazakhstan, rine mari yakawanda ye3,5 mabhiriyoni emadhora.
• Nursultan Abishevich ane vana vazukuru 8 uye vagara vaine 2 grand-grandons.

Dzidzo nemakore ekutanga

Kubvira pamakore gumi nemasere iye akanga ari mhandara. Muna 1960, mutungamiri wenyika yeKazakhstan akazopedza chikoro chekushanda muguta reDneprodzerzhinsk. Muna 1967 akapedza zvidzidzo zvake payekoroji yekambani yeKaraganda Metallurgical Combine, agamuchira huye huno "metallurgical engineer".

Basa rekutanga

Basa biography raNazarbayev rakatanga mubazi rekuvaka re "Domenstroy", kwaakashanda kwemakore mapfumbamwe - kubvira muna 1960 kusvika muna 1969. Panguva imwe chete, Nursultan Abishevich akakwanisa kusanganisa basa rake nedzidzo. Kutsunga kwake hakuna kuenderera mberi, uye muna 1969 Nazarbayev akaitwa mutungamiri wesangano rekutakura uye rezvemabhizimisi muTemirtau komiti yeguta. Mukuwedzera, mutungamiri wenyika yemberi akaendeswa kune basa rakasunungurwa reKomsomol. Vatungamiri vaiziva kuti Nazarbayev aiva nemakore mangani, asi pasinei nezera reHitultan, akamuratidza semunyori wekomiti yeLCNU. Gare gare, akabatana nevatungamiri venharaunda yeruwa ndokubva ava nhengo yeGuta reDare reChitatu.

Kubva muna 1973 kusvikira muna 1984, Nursultan akashumira semunyori. Ndiyo chete masangano ayo aishanda nawo akachinjwa. Nazarbayev akashanda muDare reCentral Committee, mumusangano wepakati we metallurgical pamwe chete, uye kunyange muCentral Committee yeCommunist Party.

Kubvisa basa

Kuchinja kwebasa rake mubasa rake kwakauya muna 1980, apo Nursultan akava mutevedzeri weSuper Council. Muchigaro ichi akashanda kwemakore gumi. Munguva iyi Nazarbayev akabatanidzwa senhengo yeCentral Audit Commission yeCPSU ndokuzviratidza kuva munhu ane hanya uye anokwanisa.

Kunyanya kukosha kuti mutungamiri wenyika yeKazakhstan aive muna 1984, paakasarudzwa kuti ave sachigaro weChristian Council. Hurumende yaiziva kuti Nazarbayev wekare aiva ani. Akanga ane makore 44 chete. Nokudaro, Nursultan Abishevich akava mutevedzeri mukuru we republican republican.

Makore mashanu akatevera ekushanda zvakaoma akabereka michero, uye Nazarbayev akasarudzwa kuti ave Mutevedzeri wevanhu weU.SR. Pakazosvika pakati pa1989, akasarudza seSachigaro weKomiti yeVatariri kuitira kuti ave munyori wekutanga weCentral Committee yeCommistist Party yeKazakhstan.

Kukunda kukuru

April 1990 vakava vanofara zvikuru mubasa raVa Nursultan Abishevich. Akasarudzwa mutungamiriri weKazakh SSR. Kukunda kwaiva kukuru. Mukusarudzo, akawana 99 muzana yezana. Akadzokorora kubudirira kwake muna 1999, achiwedzera nguva yake yehurumende yehurumende kwemakore manomwe. Muna 2005, Nazarbayev haana kumbosiya tsika yake. Mushure mezvose, vanhu veKazakh vakamupa zvakare muchindwe wekutanga. Mukusarudzwa kwekutanga kwegore ra2011, Nursultan Abishevich akasarudzwazve kwechina. Saka, makore mangani Nazarbayev ane simba panguva ino? Muna July gore rino pachava nemakore makumi mana nemaviri. Zuva rekusarudzwa patsva ndiDisemba 2016.

Party

Kusati kwasvika kweUSSR, Nursultan Abishevich aiva nhengo yeCPSU. Mutemo weRiphabliki yeKazakhstan ine nenyaya inorambidza mukuru wehurumende kubva kumunhu kana kutungamirira chikamu. Pasinei neizvi, Nazarbayev akatsigira bato "Nur Otan". Akaitungamirira muna 2007, apo Gwaro reMitemo rakagadziriswa zvakakodzera.

Kururamisa

Nursultan Abishevich anotsoropodza pamakona mana makuru: rusununguko rwekutaura, uori, unhu hweunhu uye kodzero dzevanhu. Ngatimboongororei zvakanyanya.

Rusununguko rwokutaura

Sangano rose rezvemitemo reReporters sans Borders rakaramba richitaura mhosva dzekuputsa rusununguko rwokutaura muKazakhstan. Rusununguko rweimba yekusununguka rwekusununguka kwekutaura mune zvenhau inoisa nyika iyi nzvimbo yechi 175 kubva muna 197. Anton Nosik (mutevedzeri wemhizha we LiveJournal) akadana kuvharwa kwezvakagadzirwa zvake muKazakhstan nzira yekusava nehanya nehutongerwe enyika uye hudzvinyiriri hunodzvinyirira. Uye "Reporters Without Borders" yakataurwa pamusoro apa yakaunza Nazarbayev kune rumwe rutivi rwe "zvikara" zvenhau, izvo zvakabudiswa paNational Press Freedom Day.

Uori

Transparency International muna 2004 yakaronga Kazakhstan yemakore 122 munyika yose maererano nehuori. Nhamba yose yenyika dziri pasi apa ndeye 146. 2.2 kubva kune gumi - iyi ndiyo yaiva nhamba yeKazakhstan. Cherechedza kuti kana chikamu chacho chiri pasi kudarika mufananidzo 3, izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo kwe "huori huzhinji" munyika. Nursultan Nazarbayev akazivisa kuti iyi ndiyo "hondo tsvene", ichibudisa mazita ekuti "10 Zvinoreva Kurwiswa". Dhiyabhorosi yakarondedzera huwandu hwehutano hwakakonzerwa nekurwisana nechiitiko ichi kumativi ose evanhu uye nyika. Asi izvi hazvina kutungamirira kune chero mhinduro. Pakupera kwa2013 Kazakhstan yakasvika kunzvimbo 140.

Dzimwe nhengo dzenyika dzakawanda dzisiri munyika dzakapomera hurumende yeNazarbayev yekusika maitiro ekurwa nehuori. Pasinei nekusimbiswa kweEuropean Organisation for Co-Operation and Security muna 2010, vazhinji vanopindira mukati nekunze kwenyika vanoti hapana kuedza kwakaitwa kugadzirisa dambudziko re "kuparadzira uori" uye "kuputsa kodzero dzevanhu". Mhuri yaNazarbayev yakanga yakabatanidzwa mune dzakawanda zvekutsvaga pamusoro pekuponda, chiokomuhomwe uye kushamba kwemari kwakaitwa nehurumende dzekunze.

"Kazakhgate" ndiyo yakanyanya kuipa mhosva muKazakhstan. Izvo zvose zvakatanga nekuti muna 1999 vapuri vese veSwitzerland vakatsvaga mabhangi akawanda ebhangi aive maKazakhstani vakuru vepamusoro-soro ye simba (kusanganisira Nazarbayev). Zvakazoitika kuti mari yacho yakatumirwa kune idzi nhoroondo nemakambani eAmerica emafuta. Gore rakazotevera, veUnited States vakabatana nekutsvaga uye vakafuratira dzimwe nhoroondo dzakawanda, iyo yakanga iri yavo (maererano nemafungiro avo) naHirldan Abishevich. Iko mari yakawanda yekutambirwa mari yaiva $ 1 bhiriyoni. Muna 2007, hurumende dzeKazakh dzakaramba zvese zvemari iyi, uye mugore ra2012 Dhipatimendi reRubatsiro reUnited States rakabvisa mhosva dzose dzaNazarbayev ndokuvhara nyaya yacho.

Ichitendero chemunhu

Vatapi venhau vakawanda vanocherechedza kuvapo kwechitendero cheunhu hwa Nursultan Abishevich. Mumakore mashomanana apfuura, vazhinji vaKazakhstani vakuru nevamiriri vevakuru vevanhu vakatsigira izvi. Vapikisi vemutungamiriri wenyika vanoti nyika yakagara iripo mune zvechitendero chaNazarbayev. Zvisinei, shamwari dzepamberi dzeUr Nursultan Abishevich haabvumirani neizvi. Panewo maonero ekuti vanhu ivo pachavo "vane mhosva" pakuonekwa kweunhu hunhu hweNazarbayev.

Kodzero dzevanhu

Kubva pakuona kwevasiri vehurumende uye vehurumende vanoona, kodzero dzevanhu muKazakhstan dzakagara dziri dambudziko munzvimbo. Maererano nekambani yeWorld House, iyo yakagadzira tsvakurudzo muKazakhstan, kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika munyika dzine nhamba ye6, uye hurumende dzevanhu - 5 (chiyero che1 kusvika kune 7 chakashandiswa, uko chiyero 1 ndicho chimiro chapamusoro). Izvi zvinoreva, mumakore ekutonga kwaNazarbayev, sangano rinoonekwa se "risina kusununguka".

Munyori wemabhuku

• "Epicenter yenyika."
• "Pasina kuruboshwe uye kurudyi."
• "Nzira yeKazakh".
• "Pamukova wezana remakore rechi21."
• "Kremlin inopera."
• "Munharaunda yezvakaitika," nevamwe.

Munyori Nyaya

• "Makore gumi."
• "Kunyatsochenjerera."
• "Kubatana kwezvehupfumi ndiko kusina kweimwe nzira inonzwisisika."
• "Nzira dzokugadzirisa matambudziko eAaral Sea".
• "Mamiriro matsva, mabheki ekare."
• "Migumisiro yeshamwari: matambudziko uye ruzivo."
• "Upfumi hweKazakhstan: tarisiro uye chokwadi"
• "Eurasian space: kugona kwekubatanidzwa", nezvimwewo.

Mazita

MunaMuvhuro 2010, vamiririri vaMa Majilis vakapedza purogiramu yemitemo yakapa hero iri munyaya iyi nehupenyu hwevatungamiri venyika. Iyi nhayo inopiwa Nursultan Abishevich kwehupenyu hwake hwose uye haitungamiri nemakore mangani Mutungamiri Nazarbayev achava nehofisi. Izvozvi,, chero zvakadaro, achabatanidzwa mukubvumirana kwezvirongwa zvakagadziriswa zvine chokuita nemitemo yepamba uye yekunze kwenyika. Mukuwedzera, Nazarbayev iye pachake uye nhengo dzose dzemhuri yake vanoregererwa kubva kune mhosva.

Mufananidzo uyu mutsika

Muna 2011, mifananidzo yakawanda yakaonekwa yakatora chifananidzo cha Nursultan Abishevich. Kubva kwavari, vateereri vakadzidza kwemakore mangani Nazarbayev (mutungamiri weKazakhstan panguva iyoyo 74), uye akazivawo nguva dzinokosha dzehupenyu hwake. Zvakasiyana, ndinoda kutaura pamusoro pefirimu iyi "Kudenga kwehuduku hwangu". Mufananidzo wacho unotaura nezvehuduku hwaNazarbayev uye huduku. Uyewo ona guramiro rokuti "Teren tamyrlar", iro rakatsaurirwa kune makore makumi maviri ekupemberera kweKazakhstan.

Hobbies

Munhu wese anoziva makore mangani Nazarbayev ari iye zvino uye anoshamisika kuti panguva ino mutungamiri anotamba zvakanaka mugorofu, tennis, uye anofarirawo kufamba kwechikepe.

Chokwadi chinofadza

• December 1 muKazakhstan kupemberera Zuva reMutungamiri, iro rinowira muboka remazororo evanhu vose.
• Maererano nehuwandu hweHandselsblatt, Nazarbayev ari mumutungamiri wepamusoro gumi wevatongi vakapfuma vepasi, vane simba risingagumi munyika dzavo. Neine mari ye $ 1.1 mabhiriyoni, Nursultan Abishevich ane gumi.
• MuKazakhstan criminal code kune nheyo yekupa chirango chekufa sechirango chekupikisana kwehupenyu hwe mutungamiri wenyika. Uye inoshanda kunyange kana kuedza kwakakundikana.
• MuChechen Republic, Jordan neTurkey, migwagwa yakawanda yakatumidzwa zita rake.
• Ndiye mumwe wevatori vaviri vanocherechedza nguva yekushanda musimba. Pano pane mubvunzo unonzwisisika: "Makore mangani Nazarbayev anotonga?" Tinopindura: makore 26. Akatora nzvimbo yemunhu wekutanga wehurumende muna 1989. Chipiri chechipiri chinonzi Islam Karimov (Mutungamiri weUzbekistan).
• Mamiriro ose ehurumende yeNazarbayev i $ 7 biliyoni.
• Zvikumbaridzo zvinowanikwa muUkraine, Turkey neAlmaty.
• Muna 2013, webhusaiti yepepanhau rinonzi "New York Times" yakarongedza hurumende dzakaipa dzeAsia. Nursultan Nazarbayev akapinda mairi. Makore mangani mutungamiri wenyika aiva musimba uye zvakabudirei nyika yake yakawana munguva ino, bhuku racho harina hanya. Chinangwa chikuru chaiva kukwezva kuverenga.
• Muna 2014, chiFrench chinonzi geopolitical centre yekuongorora kuparwa kwemhosva chaiva mumakwikwi "The Best Dictator of the Year." Nursultan Abishevich akakunda nzvimbo yekutanga, atora mamiriyoni zana.
• MunaFebruary 2014, Nazarbayev akaronga kuisa Kazakhstan muCossack. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuderedzwa kwemari yenyika, mutemo uyu wakakonzera kusanganiswa kwevanhu munzanga.