Russia muhondo yekurwa nehugandanga. National Anti-Terrorism Committee

Ugandanga hwave hunova nhamba imwe yenhamo yezvemagariro ezvematongerwe enyika, sezvo yakawanda yakawana kukosha kwenyika yose. Russia muhondo yekurwisana nehugandanga inoita zvose zvinogona kudzivisa migumisiro ine ngozi uye isingazivikanwi iyo vanhu vari kutosangana nayo.

Pasina miganhu

Ugandanga hutsotsi kune kuchengetedzwa kwenyika yose, yenyika dzose uye vagari vese vanogara mavari, izvi ndezvehupfumi nehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, ichi chinhu chikuru chepfungwa chakamanikidzwa kuvanhu. Kuwanda kwechikwata munyika yezuva ranhasi kwakakura zvakanyanya zvokuti hakuna mhirizhonga yehurumende nokuda kwayo.

Chii chinogona kuparadzaniswa nehurumende? Unhu hwayo hwepasi rose hunoreva kutora mitezo, kuvaka sangano rose rekupikisa. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitwa neRussia mukurwisana nehugandanga. Zvinonyangadza kune dzimwe nyika zvinonzwiwa neRussia Federation, saka mubvunzo wakamuka pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kweuto ravo kunyange kunze kwenharaunda yenyika.

Kupikisa kune simba rekutya

Zviremera zvezviremera uye hurumende dzenharaunda dzinoita basa roga roga rakarindira kuti rive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenyika yevanhu. Nzira dzokurwisana nehugandanga muRussia ndeyotevera.

1. Kudzivirira: kudzivirira kuparadzirwa kwemagandanga kuburikidza nekucherechedza nekubvisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinokonzera kugovera mabasa ekutya.
2. Russia muhondo yekurwisana nehugandanga inotevera ketani kubva pakuzivikanwa, kudzivirira, kuderedza, kubudisa pachena uye kupupurira kwezvimwe zvakadaro.
3. Migumisiro yehumwe huratidziro hwekutyisa huri kuderedzwa uye huchabviswa.

Federal Law

Mukurwisana nemutemo uyu wakatanga kuziviswa musi waMarch 6, 2006. Maererano neThe Federal Law, Russia inogona kushandisa maRF mauto muhondo yekurwisana nehugandanga. Mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera ekushandiswa kweHondo Dzemauto anotsanangurwa.

1. Kuregererwa kwendiza chero ipi zvayo ndege yakatorwa nemagandanga kana kushandiswa kuita chigandanga.
2. Kuregererwa kwemauto emagandanga munzvimbo yeRussian uye mumvura yepasi, chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinoshandiswa mumakungwa anowanikwa panhare yepasi, iyo nzvimbo yeRussian Federation iripo, kuve nekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwekufamba.
3. Russia muhondo yekurwisana nehugandanga inobatanidzwa mukupikisa kwemagandanga, sezvinoratidzwa muRussia Law.
4. Kurwisana nehuwandu hwemagandanga kunze kwenharaunda yeRussian Federation.

Kubviswa kwehugandanga mumhepo

Hondo Dzemauto eRussian Federation dzinogona kushandisa zvombo zvehondo nemauto maererano nemitemo ye normative yemutemo yeRussia Federation kubvisa kutyisidzira kana kubvisa chisarudzo chegandanga. Kana ndege yacho isingapinduri nemirairo kubva kune zviteshi zvekutsvaga pasi uye zviratidzo kubva kune ndege yakasimudzirwa yeRussia kuti iregere kana kuramba kutevera pasina kutsanangura zvikonzero, mauto eRussia anorwisa kubhururuka kwemudziyo, achishandisa zvombo zvehondo uye zvombo, achiita kuti iende. Kana musingateereri uye nengozi iripo yekuparadzwa kwezvisikwa kana kurasikirwa kwehupenyu, kufamba kwechikepe kunopedzwa nekuparadzwa.

Kubviswa kwehugandanga pamvura

Mvura yomumisha, nzvimbo yegungwa uye makamuri aro enyika uye kutengeserana kwenyika (kusanganisira pasi pemvura) yeRF Hondo dzehondo dzinofanirawo kuchengetedzwa uchishandisa nzira dziri pamusoro apa dzokurwisana nehugandanga. Kana nzvimbo dzekufamba-famba kwegungwa kana rwizi dzisingateereri mirairo uye zviratidzo kugumisa kuputsa kwemitemo yekushandiswa kwemvura munzvimbo yeRussia uye nzvimbo yakadzika pasi pemvura, kana kuramba kutevera, zvombo zvezvombo zvehondo uye ndege dzeVarwi veRussian Federation zvinoshandiswa kumanikidzirwa kumisa chigadziro chekushambi uye kubvisa kutyisidzirwa kwekurwiswa kwegandanga, Kuparadzwa. Kuchengetedza rufu rwevanhu kana dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza rinodikanwa, kushandisa chero zviito zvekurwisana nehugandanga.

Kupopotera mukati uye kunze

Zviito zvisiri pamutemo zvemutemo weRussian Federation zvinosarudza chisarudzo chaMutungamiri weRussia mukukwezva mauto euto neRF Armed Forces kuti atore chikamu mumashandisirwo emagandanga. Masoja, masuniti uye mapoka eRussia Armed Forces anoshandisa zvombo zvehondo, nzira dzakananga uye zvombo. Kurwisana nehuwandu hwemhirizhonga munyika kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kweHurumende dzeRussia Federation dzinoitwa maererano nemitemo yenyika yose yeRussian Federation, iyi Federal Law ine kushandiswa kwezvombo kana kubva munharaunda yeRussian Federation kurwisana nemagandanga kana vanhu vari kunze kweRussian Federation, uyewo kushandisa RF Armed Forces kunze kwemiganhu yenyika. Zvose izvi zvinoshandiswa pachavo neMutungamiri, iye zvino V. Putin.

Kurwisana nehugandanga ndiro basa rinokosha kupfuura mamwe mazuva ano uye rine basa guru. Nokudaro, nhamba yose yekuumbwa kweHondo DzemaRussian Federation, nzvimbo dzaizoshanda, mabasa ayo anotarisana nawo, mazwi ekugara kunze kweRussian Federation nezvimwe nyaya dzine chokuita nemabasa ekugadzirisa hupfumi kune dzimwe nyika zvinosarudzwa pachavo neMutungamiri. Mutemo weBurumende wekurwisana nehugandanga unoparadzanisa urongwa uhwu. Mauto ehurumende anotumirwa kubva kuRussia anosanganisira contract contract servicemen avo vakagadzirira kudzidziswa kwekutanga kwekutanga uye vanoumbwa chete nekuzvidira.

National security

Ugandanga hunogona kuratidzwa nemasangano nemapoka, uye nemunhu mumwe nomumwe. Rudzi rwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika rweRussian Federation kusvika muna 2020 rinopa chero zviratidzo zvemagandanga. Kutungamirira kunogona kuva chero chirongwa-kubva pakushandurwa kwechisimba muhwaro hwebumbiro remitemo reRussian Federation uye kusagadzikana kwekushanda kwehurumende. Zviremera kusvika pakuparadzwa kwemaindasitiri nemauto ehondo, pamwe nemasangano uye mabhizinesi anopa basa rinokosha kuvanhu, uye kutyisidzira kwevanhu kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemakemikari kana zvombo zvenyukireya.

Zvinetso zvekurwisana nehugandanga ndezvokuti hakuna kusungirirwa kwevanhu vose nehurongwa hwehurumende mukubatanidza kuedza kurwisana nechiitiko ichi chinotyisa. Chero hupi hunokosha hunopesana nehugandanga huripo, kunyange humwe hutano hwakanaka uye hurumende yekuchengetedza mitemo, haugone kushanda pano. Tinoda basa rekubatana kwezvivako zvose, matavi emasimba, mhizha.

Zvitubu zvegandanga

Chero humwe huratidze hugandanga hunofanira kunge hwakajeka kubva kumashure uye zvikonzero zvekuitika kwavo ndezvechokwadi vakatumidzwa. Imwe nyanzvi yakaongororwa pakati pemasangano e-antiterrorist unit of the FSB weRussian Federation yakaratidza kuti kazhinji kacho zvinokonzera (zviitiko zvezvinoitika) zvehugandanga ndizvo zvinotevera: kuderera kwakakosha muhupenyu hwehupenyu uye nehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu. Kudzivirirwa, hondo yezvematongerwo enyika uye mutemo wenyika, kuwedzera kwekuparadzanisa uye kusarura nyika, mutemo usina kukwana, simba rakaderera rezvivako zvemasimba, zvisingafungidzirwe sarudzo dzazvo.

Vanodyisa kukura kwehugandanga, kunyanya, kupesana munharaunda, kushamwaridzana kwevanhu, uko kune zvezvematongerwo enyika. Hondo yekurwisana nehupomberi nehugandanga inoda kuiswa kwepurogiramu yakazara iyo ichange isisina zvematongerwo enyika chete, asiwo zvezvematongerwe enyika, hutano, hutano, zvepamutemo uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Mutemo we antiterrorist weRussian Federation iri kuedza kugadzirisa iyo huru, asi chete mabasa ekutsvaga - kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yekuvimbika nehuchangamire. Uye isu tinofanira kutanga nezvikonzero.

Zvinonyanya kukosha zvekurwa nehugandanga

Chikamu chinokosha chematongerwo enyika ndechekurwisana nehugandanga muRussia Federation, iyo chinangwa chacho, sezvatotaurwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa, nyika uye kutonga kwenyika. Zvinyorwa zvakakosha zvegadziriro iyi ndeizvi:

• Zvinokonzera uye mamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira kubuda kwehugandanga uye kupararira kwayo zvinofanira kuonekwa uye kubviswa;
• Vanhu uye masangano anogadzirira matongerwo enyika anofanira kuonekwa, zviito zvavo zvinodzivirirwa uye zvinodzingwa;
• Nhengo dzakabatanidzwa mumagandanga dzinofanirwa kupiwa mhosva maererano nemitemo yeRussia;
• Masangano uye nzira dzakagadzirirwa kudzivisa, kuzivisa, kudzivirira mabasa ezvegandanga, kuderedza uye kubvisa migumisiro yekutambudzwa kwegandanga kunofanira kuchengetwa mukugara wakagadzirira kushandiswa kwavo;
• Nzvimbo dzekuunganidza kuungana kwevanhu, zvinhu zvinokosha zvehupenyu kutsigirwa uye zvigadziridzo zvinofanira kupiwa nekudzivirira antiterrorist;
• Maonero ehugandanga haafaniri kupararira, uye basa rekurudzira rinofanira kuwedzerwa.

Security measures

Zvinhu izvo zvinogona kutarirwa nemaitiro emagandanga munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakanyatsogadziriswa neyanjiniya uye nzira dzekudzivirira dzekudzivirirwa, uye vashandi vanochengeteka vakanyatsogadzirisa huwandu hwekudzidziswa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kudzivirirwa kwevanopikisa nzvimbo dzevanhu vari muhuwandu huri kunyatsokwana, sezvo pakanga pasina yeunifomu yekuda kuchengetedza izvi panzvimbo idzi.

Muna 2013, musi waOctober 22, Federal Law on Antiterrorist Protection of Objects yakatanga kushanda. Iye zvino, maererano neshoko iri, Hurumende yeRussian Federation inowana kodzero yekusimbisa zvinodiwa zvekudzivirirwa kwevanoriterrorist kwezvinhu nharaunda mune zvese zvemuviri uye zvepamutemo. Uyezve, zvinodiwa zvinoenderana neboka ravo, kutonga pamusoro pekuteerera zvinoda, chimiro chekuchengeteka kwedheta. Kutakura zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa, motokari uye mafuta uye zvinhu zvakaoma zvinhu zvakasunungurwa kubva kune zvivako izvi, apo kudzivirirwa kwevanoritendisiti kunovakwa zvakanyanyisa.

Global Threat

Masangano emagandanga anoshandisa muRussia kakawanda nekutora chikamu uye pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevatorwa vedzimwe nyika avo vakambodzidziswa kune imwe nyika uye mari inotsigirwa nezvinyorwa zvakabatana nehugandanga hwepasi rose. Maererano neFSB, mugore ra2000 pakanga pane vanenge zviuru zvitatu zvekunze kune dzimwe nyika muChechnya. Vazhinji vanopfuura chiuru vatorwa vanobva kunyika dzeArabhu: Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Kuwaiti, Tajikistan, Turkey, Syria, Algeria vakaurayiwa nemauto eRussia muhondo muna 1999-2001.

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, hugandanga hwepasi rose hwakakura hune hutano hwepasi rese. MuRussia, kusikwa kweNational Antiterrorist Committee (NAC) yakabatana neizvi. Ichi chikwata chechikoro, chinobatanidza mabasa evakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende neyemagariro eRussian Federation, hurumende yehurumende yega, uyewo anogadzira zvigadziro zvakakodzera kuMukuru weRussian Federation. NAC yakaumbwa maererano neChirevo chekurwisana nehugandanga muna 2006. Sachigaro weKomiti ndiye Mutungamiriri we Federal Federal Service yeRussian Federation, Army General A. V. Bortnikov. Pasi peutungamiri hwake, vanenge vari vakuru vakuru vemitemo, masangano ehurumende nemakamuri eparamende yeRussia.

Iko mabasa makuru eNAC

1. Kugadzirira kwezvipo kune Mutungamiri weRussian Federation pakuumbwa kwehurumende. Nhungamiro uye kuvandudzwa kwemitemo mundima yekupikisa ugandanga.
2. Kugadziriswa kwebasa rose rinopesana nehutongi hwemasangano makuru ehurumende, masangano munyaya dzeRussian Federation, kuwirirana kwezvivako izvi nehurumende yehurumende, masangano ehurumende uye masangano.
3. Kusarudza kwezviyero zvekubvisa zvikonzero uye mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kutyisa, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu kubva pane zvingangodaro.
4. Kubatanidzwa muhondo yekurwisana nehugandanga, kugadziriswa kwebvumirano dzenyika dzakawanda dzeRussian Federation munharaunda iyi.
5. Kuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu munharaunda yevanhu vari kutotanga kana kukwezva kurwisana nehugandanga, kugadziriswa kwevanhu vanobatwa nekurwiswa kwegandanga.
6. Mhinduro yemamwe mabasa anotsanangurwa nemutemo weRussian Federation.

Kutyisa kweNorth Caucasus

Mumakore achangopfuura, nhengo dzehurumende. Vane hurumende vakaita shingairo yakawanda yekusimudzira mamiriro ezvinhu muNorth Caucasus Federal District kuburikidza nekuita zvinopesana nehutongi hwehutano. Muna December 2014, mutungamiriri weFSB, A. Bortnikov, akataura nezvekugadzirisa kwekudzivirira uye kushanda nesimba - mhosva dzegandanga dzakapetwa katatu zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete muna 2013: 218 mhosva dzakapesana ne78.

Zvisinei, kukakavara munzvimbo iyi kuchiri kukwirira - zvose zveNorth Caucasian pasi pedenga pasi uye pasi rose hugandanga hunoita, pasinei nekubatanidza zvakananga kwezvose zvinoshandiswa mumitemo, masimba ekuchengetedza mitemo uye mabasa anokosha mukurwisana naro. Basa rekushanda uye kurwisana kunoitwa, magandanga anozivikanwa, akadziviswa, anodzingwa, akabudiswa uye akaongororwa. Saka, mugore ra2014, masangano anokosha uye masangano ekuchengetedza mitemo akakwanisa kudzivirira 59 mhosva dzehugandanga uye kurwisa kwevatongi vasere. Vanhu makumi matatu vanobatanidzwa nechemberi pasi pedenga, vakakwanisa kutombedzerwa kuti varege kutyisa.

Apo ini handigone kunyengetedza

Kurwisa hugandanga, kune dambudziko rekushanda-kurwisana, kwemauto, zvehondo uye nezvimwe zviitiko, apo zvombo zvehondo, zvombo uye nzira dzakashandiswa zvinoshandiswa kumisa chisarudzo chegandanga, kusimbisa varwi, kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, masangano nemasangano uye kuderedza migumisiro yekugandanga kwegandanga. Masangano uye zvivako zvemitumbi yeFederation Security Service inobatanidzwa, pamwe neboka rinotanga kuumbwa, iro rinogona kubhadharwa nemauto eRussia neFederal executive bodies anochengetedza kudzivirirwa, kuchengetedzwa, mukati mezvematongerwo enyika, hurumende yekudzivirira, kururamisira, MES, nevamwe vazhinji.

Somugumisiro wemabasa ekurwisana nemasimba emasimba akadaro muNorth Caucasus muna 2014, 233 mauto akaregererwa, ayo makumi matatu nemaviri aiva vatungamiriri. 637 nhengo dzechibharo pasi pevhu dzakasungwa. 272 zvombo zvinoputika, zvizhinji zvepfuti nedzimwe nzira dzekuparadzwa zvakabviswa pakushambadzirwa kwemutemo. Mitemo yezvemitemo yekuongorora hurumende inobata muna 2014 yakaendeswa kumatare 219 mhaka dzemhosva, sechikonzero chemhosva dzechigadziriswa, pakati pavo vana vanoparadza zvigandanga kuVolgograd.

Kutyisa uye ukama hwepasi pose

Mhirizhonga yenzira yehugandanga ndiyo nzira inotyisa zvikuru yeupombwe. Zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvakashandura kuva chinhu chinokanganisa kufambira mberi kwehukama hwepasi pose. Kugadzirisa zvougandanga pakushandiswa kwezvombo zvekuparadza kukuru (zvombo zvenyukireya) kune ngozi huru kuvepo kwevanhu vose. Uye nharaunda yenyika , nekuda kwechido chakakanganiswa chemunhu wayo, haagoni kunyange kutora mhedziso chaiyo inotaura nezvechiitiko ichocho, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kwave kune rumwe rudzi rwekunzwisisa pamwe chete kwezvinhu zvikuru zvezviitiko izvi.

Chokutanga, ugandanga - zviri pamutemo pfuti mhirizhonga, chido kutyisidzira nyika munharaunda iri broadest akaturikidzana vokuparidzira ndiye asina mhosva. Kana gandanga chiito kunokanganisa zvido kupfuura imwe nyika, pane Zvechokwadi, uyewo yaiva dzakawanda maatomu akafanana. Political wezwi of dzakawanda haatori kuchiitwa dzakawanda ugandanga, sezvazvakaita chinoshamisa. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, kana ari kusimba akasimba munyika, Dare dzeUN General Assembly ari zvakare kuedza kutanga basa musi tsananguro chokuita dzakawanda ugandanga.

Russia muchinangwa yose vemunharaunda

The Russian Federation zvikuru inopindirana munzira pamwe nokuedza kurwisa ugandanga. Kwagara kuti kubviswa zvipingamupinyi - yechitendero, pfungwa, zvematongerwo enyika kana mumwe - pakati rinoti, akarwisana nemagandanga mhosva, chinhu chikuru - kuronga kunobudirira kuramba kuratidzwa ose ugandanga.

Somutsivi of USSR, kuti Russian Federation paChikoro huripo yezvisikwa magungano ari kurwa. Hazvina kubva vamiririri vayo kuuya Zvirongwa zvose dzinovaka, vari kuita rinonyatsooneka mupiro kuna yokungotaura kukura zvibvumirano itsva, uye kugadzirisa kuumba zvakafanana dzakawanda Anti-ugandanga mberi.