Bvunzo muchinjikwa

Test muchinjikwa - muchinjikwa-maberekero kuti vakaberekwa vanhu chaiyo analyzer. Somunhu analyzer vakasarudzwa homozygous munhu, ane unhu recessive kwakaratidzwa phenotype. Test muchinjikwa zvinowanzoshandiswa chirimwa maberekero uye genetics kuziva genotype.

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, maererano nemitemo genetics, pamwe recessive katsika monohybrid muchinjikwa hariwaniki muchizvarwa yokutanga. Muchizvarwa wechipiri, agozviratidza chete pane imwe-nemitanhatu wevanhu. Recessive unhu anochengeterwa genotype yedzinza rokutanga vanhu, asi haina kuvaratidza externally. Saka, munhu wacho wokutanga chizvarwa ane recessive genotype, phenotype hakuiti wakasiyana monohybrid specimens kuti hukuru unhu. Test muchinjikwa ndehwokuti vawane ruzivo pamusoro kuvapo kana kusavapo recessive unhu iri genotype.

Funga mashandiro kuziva genotype wacho pfumbu enhunzi. Grey ruvara chinhu chikuru unhu pachinhu nhema coloring mumuviri Tupukanana wacho. Bhayorojisiti michinjikwa wachena Nhunzi dema uye anoyera zvichiguma vana. Kana vanhu vose vane bvudzi ruvara, ipapo akadzidza nhunzi yakanga chete hune ari genotype. Kana hafu kunokonzerwa enhunzi vane mutema ruvara, zvinokwanisika kuti infer pamberi recessive unhu.

With kukwana kutonga mumwe genotype anoenderana phenotype yavo. Kuti uone kana paine kuchengetwa vanhu kusaina mugumisiro kukwana kutonga kana nokuzvidzora chiratidzo vakaisa pasi majini, zvakakodzerawo kuita bvunzo pamuchinjikwa. Kana chizenga iri mubvunzo ndiwo mugumisiro kukwana kutonga, ipapo pachava mberi "kuvhiringidzika" vake recessive katsika analyzer. Kana chipepa yakanga yakazvimirira, chichagamuchirwa vakapfuura kuchinja zvose vanhu, kana bvunzo chiratidzazvizhinji riri homozygous, kana vamwe vanhu, kana zviri heterozygous. Somuenzaniso, kana kuyambuka maruva Pink uye chena kupa chiedza blue, pane kukwana kutonga. Kana zvose nevaNefirimu rokutanga kuti vane maruva Pink, ipapo izvi hazvisati zvave achitaurwa nevanopinda allele sezvo akazvimirira uye kuzivikanwa pamusoro chena. Panyaya iyi, munhu ari homozygous kuongororwa. Kana chikamu VaNefirimu nhaka vaaleanpunainen Ruvara petals, uye chimwe chikamu chiri zvitange chena, pink chiratidzo yakazvimirira, kureva, kuongororwa munhu anotakura genotype zvose nezviratidzo.

In tsika, kuona genotype hakuna kukwana kuti bvunzo muchinjikwa nguva dzose. Muenzaniso kuwira mukati muchikwata che kunze anogona kutsanangurwa somumwe nhatu nonallelic Gene kudyidzana: epistasis, Polymers kana complementarity.

Kana epistasis kuratidzwa imwe allelic nemudzimai majini vaidzvinyirirwa majini kunze mumwe allelic vaviri. Suppressors anogona kutakura zvose hukuru uye recessive unhu. Somugumisiro epistasis ari kuyambuka homozygous vanhu maruva matsvuku (hukuru) uye homozygous vanhu nemaruva chena (recessive unhu) pachizvarwa rokutanga VaNefirimu kuchangoita anosima pamwe maruva matsvuku, uye wechipiri - 3/4 VaNefirimu achava yakatsvuka, 3 / 16 - chena uye 1/16 nhaka vanoti dzimwe alleles (semuenzaniso, yellow).

zvinotevera muenzaniso kutsanangura zvakaitwa chinonakidza kuti polymer. Maruva ane heterozygous alleles vanoverengeka akatakura zviratidzo tsvuku (hukuru) uye chena (recessive) rwaikosheswa petals. The zvakawanda VaNefirimu yedzinza rechipiri recessive vanhu, kuti ndichene ruva. In pamberi munhu alleles sezvo hukuru unhu pamwe, kana pasina, sezviri pachena kumboona chinhu pakati zviratidzo izvi. Pakusarudza genotype kuburikidza bvunzo muchinjikwa polymer iri nyore kuvhiringidzwa kukwana kutonga.

Kana complementarity nonallelic majini kuzadzikiswa mumwe uye zvinobatsira kubatsira kuumba unhu hutsva.