Economy: Definition uye nyaya dzokudzidza

Pfungwa "upfumi" wakatangwa Aristotle ari III remakore BC, asi kwaita zvoupfumi sechinhu nesayenzi chakaitika chete XII-XIII emakore, panguva iyoyowo nokuberekwa capitalism.

The upfumi, tsanangudzo unopirwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda, pakupedzisira akazova mumwe sayenzi inokosha. Sezvo anotarisana anenge munhu wose nokuti vanhu vashoma vakanga kumbova zvitoro uye misika. Saka munyika nezuva kuti asingaoneki akapinda yakaoma uye multi-faceted ichi sainzi - zvoupfumi.

A tsanangudzo kuti rinoshandiswa mabhuku kazhinji ndiyo: sayenzi bhizimisi uye kugadzirwa akavhiyiwa uye migumisiro yacho pakati zveupfumi nevamiririri. Economic zvoupenyu mubereko zvakakwirira: mutengo yokurera, basa musika, hurumende murau, mari-utility zvinhu uye mabasa, makwikwi uye makwikwi, ukama chinokosha-mari, anoda, etc. Mukuwedzera, mumwe zvinokosha zvikamu pakudzidza upfumi .. pfungwa iri kuti upfumi hwenyika.

Kutsunga munyika upfumi huri sezvinotevera: ari raora National upfumi hwenyika uye ukama pakati pavo. Saka, munyika yose upfumi anopinda mumwe uye dzakawanda zvokutengeserana, uye kupanana zvinhu, uyewo mamwe mamiriro ezveupfumi yomuka pakati penyika mbiri Economic uye tsika mibatanidzwa, dzakawanda basa vaitamira, etc ...

The upfumi, tsanangudzo dzakapiwa kumusoro, ruzhinji nezvoupfumi rakakamurwa zviviri zvikuru zvinoriumba: micro- uye macroeconomics. Sezvo unogona fembera, Microeconomics anoongorora zvoupfumi pezvakaitwa kusvika pamuchinjikwa-sectoral pamwero uye macroeconomics - panguva nyika yakati sandara.

The chikuru basa hwenyika ndiko kuziva sei zvakanakisisa zvidikanwi risingagumi panyaya pamusoro zvishoma kupfuma. History anoziva nzira dzakawanda inopiwa nemasayendisiti inozvikudza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

Kazhinji govera 3 nzira kurima panguva nyika yakati sandara, murayiro-uye kuzvidzora, zvakavhenganiswa uye pakupedzisira, musika upfumi yacho. Pakusarudza iyo nzira inoshandiswa imwe nyika kana mumwe, hazvina kuoma zvakadaro. Command upfumi inowanzoshandiswa pevatongi inoti, apo hurumende rinorondedzera zvakajeka uye anodzora kuparadzira E pfuma: zvinhu, mabasa, basa, uye zvinoisa yakaoma mutengo. Kakawanda, nzira iri isashande. The musika upfumi, kusiyana, unoshanda zvachose akasununguka, hurumende chete monitors uye anodzora zvishoma kuitika nokumonyaniswa. With kunosiyana madhigirii kubudirira Chine 2 nzira aaimboita zvakavhenganiswa upfumi.

Kutsunga ari zvakanyatsoenzana mutengo pamisika upfumi kunoitika rwoga pahwaro romugove uye kudiwa, uye mitengo kunokanganisa makwikwi. Sezvo vatengi vari rinosundwa chido kutenga yepamusoro nhumbi panguva yakaderera pazvinoita mutengo, uye vatengesi vanoda zvokutengesa pa-soro mutengo, pakupedzisira, mutengo yakaiswa pa paavhareji pamwero kuti zvinogutsa zvose Vatengesi uye vatengi. The musika upfumi ndiyo kuzvipira ndangariro, saka riri kuonekwa nenzira inonyatsoshanda kurima uye chinonyanya nevakawanda munyika.