Esperanto - chii here? The International mutauro Esperanto

Zvichida vose kanenge kamwe anzwa Esperanto - mutauro yezvisikwa akagadzirirwa kuva yose. Uye kunyange nyika ichiri vanhu vakawanda vanotaura Chinese, ichi chakatangwa Polish vanachiremba vane nhoroondo yavo uye tarisiro. Where Esperanto chakaitika, chii utsanzi iyi zvemutauro vanozvishandisa - verenga mberi, uye tichava mibvunzo yose iyi.

Tariro tinzwisisane

Zvichida, sezvo pakuvaka Shongwe yeBhabheri vanhu nezvematambudziko akaoma chokuita nokusava kunzwisisa kutaura nevamwe vanhu.

Esperanto akanga zvakagadzirirwa zviite kutaurirana pakati vanhu venyika dzakasiyana siyana. It itange kubudiswa muna 1887 naDr Lyudvikom Lazarem Zamenhof (1859-1917 gg.). Akashandisa rekunyepedzera "Dr Esperanto", iro rinoreva "munhu anotarisira". Uye kwakange zita rake rezvisikwa, raakanga nokungwarira yakatanga kwemakore. The International mutauro Esperanto chinofanira kushandiswa senzvimbo kwazvakarerekera munguva kukurukura pakati vanhu vasingazivi mutauro mumwe wacho.

Kunyange ane yayo mureza. Zvinoita seizvi:

Chakagadzirwa mutauro Esperanto zviri nyore zvikuru kuti kudzidza pane National mutauro yekushandisa yakatanga tarasika. magadzirirwo wayo streamlined uye zvakananga.

mazwi

Hakusi kuwedzerera kutaura pamusoro Esperanto, zviri ane hodgepodge mumitauro mikuru yokuEurope. Dr. Zamenhof akatora sezvikonzero mashoko chaizvo kuti zvaakasika. About 75% of mashoko anobva muchiLatin uye Romance mitauro (kunyanya French), 20% vane German (German uye Chirungu), uye mamwe mashoko anotorwa kubva mumitauro necheSalvic (Russian uye Polish) uye rechiGiriki (kunyanya mazwi yesayenzi). Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvakafanana namashoko. Saka, vanhu vanotaura Russian, kunyange pasina kurovedza anogona kuverenga vanenge 40% of rugwaro Esperanto.

Language yokusafa phonetic kunyora, t. E., shoko Mumwe anotaurwa chaizvo rakazara. No unpronounceable tsamba kana kunze, izvo hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru ayo kudzidza uye kushandisa.

Vanhu vangani vanotaura Esperanto?

Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo zvakajairika chaizvo, asi chaizvoizvo hapana anoziva mhinduro chaiyo. The chete nzira yakavimbika kuona nhamba yevanhu vanotaura Esperanto - nayo provedesti kuverengwa kwevanhu munyika yose, izvo, chokwadi, anenge hazviiti.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Professor Sidney Culbert of University of Washington (Seattle, USA) akaita yakakwana kudzidza pamusoro kushandiswa mutauro uyu. Iye vakaperekedza Mubvunzurudzo pamwe Esperanto vakurukuri yakawanda munyika. Pahwaro chidzidzo ichi, Professor Culbert akagumisa kuti rinoshandiswa nevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni maviri. Izvi anoriisa pachigadziko ndima chete mitauro akadai yechiLatvian Hebrew.

Dzimwe nhamba Esperanto vakurukuri kuti vanowedzeredza kana, Ukuwo, kurerutsa, nenhamba siyana 100,000 kusvika mamiriyoni 8.

Popularity muRussia

Esperanto ane zamu Fans zhinji. Waizviziva here kuti mune Russia pane mugwagwa Esperanto? Kazan akava guta rokutanga yaimbova yokuRussia Empire, uko tsvimbo riri kuna kudzidza uye kufambiswa mutauro yakawanikwa. Rakavakwa akawanda ngwizhingwi-vakadzidza, vakanga wakafadzwa pamwe pfungwa Dr. Zamenhof uye vakatanga kusimudzira nayo. Ipapo mapurofesa uye vadzidzi University of Kazan akazarura duku kirabhu 1906, vakakoniwa refu kurarama pamakore kugadzikana mukutanga rechimakumi maviri remakore. Asi sangano rakazotanga pashure peHondo Civil paiva pepanhau pamusoro Esperanto. Language rava kuwedzera kukurumbira sezvo chinja pfungwa Communist Party anoshevedza kubatana rwevamwe vanhu muzita nyika chimurenga. Naizvozvo, muna 1930, munzira pamusoro yaiva Esperanto tsvimbo, akapiwa zita idzva - Esperanto. Zvisinei, muna 1947 zvakare Yakazopiwa zita rokuti mune kukudzwa enyika. Panguva iyoyowo kubatanidzwa adzidze mutauro zvava nengozi, uye kubva ipapo kwayo mukurumbira kwangoderera. Esperantists asi haana kukanda mapfumo uye muna 1988 mumugwagwa vakagamuchira zita rayo vaimbova.

All mune zvose, muRussia pane anenge 1,000 vakurukuri. Kudivi rimwe, iduku, asi Ukuwo, kana tikafunga mutauro kuti akadzidza chete iyi muna makirabhu, hazvisi yakadaro diki nhamba.

tsamba

The arufabheti kunobva Latin. Rine mabhii 28. Sezvo mumwe nomumwe wavo anoenderana ruzha, ipapo naivowo, 28, kureva, 21 nzvanyira 5 mavhawero uye semivowels 2.

In Esperanto tsamba yaizivikanwa kwatiri kubva muchiLatin, dzimwe nguva anouya vaviri vaviri uye zvakanyorwa "imba" (the inverted maki kubva pamusoro). Saka Dr. Zamenhof akatanga ruzha itsva kuti zvaikoshawo mutauro wake.

Girama uye kuvakwa kuroorwa

Panowo anopupura chikuru nhungamiro Esperanto - nyore uye zvakajeka. The mutauro haina kubereka, uye hurongwa mashoko ari muchirevo chiri zvemasanga. Pane nyaya mbiri chete, katatu, uye nhatu moods ose verbs. Pane rakakura hurongwa prefixes uye suffixes, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pave mazwi matsva akawanda kubva chete mudzi.

The tefa Shoko murayiro anobvumira vamiririri yakasiyana mutauro mhuri kushandisa hurongwa ravakanga vari kupfuura vanoshamwaridzana, asi panguva imwe chete achitaura pamusoro zvachose anonzwisisika uye nemitemo yomutauro Esperanto.

zvinobatsira

New zivo kurambwa, asi ndizvo chaizvo kubatsirwa unokwanisa kuwana nokudzidza Esperanto:

• Uyu dzakanakira mutauro chechipiri chingadzidzwa nokukurumidza uye nyore nyore.
• Kunyorerana vakawanda vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
• Inogona kushandiswa kuona nyika. Pane ndandanda Esperanto vakurukuri, wakasununguka akagadzirira naHama vamwe vakurukuri mumba kana furati kwako.
• International kunzwisisa. Esperanto chinobatsira kuputsa zvipingamupinyi pakati nyika mutauro.
• Mukana kusangana vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kune magungano, kana apo Esperanto vakurukuri, vatorwa vanouya akushanyire. Uyewo yakanaka nzira kusangana anonakidza navo.

• International zvakarurama. Kana uri kushandisa National mutauro mumwe munhu anofanira kuedza kudzidza mutauro yausingazivi ini, uye mumwe chete anoshandisa ruzivo kubva pakuberekwa. Esperanto - danho kune mumwe, nokuti vose varume angazvinetserei kuridzidza uye kuti nokukurukurirana zvinobvira.
• Translations mabhuku ounyanzvi. mabasa mazhinji vave akashandurirwa Esperanto, vamwe vavo varege kuva kuwanika mumutauro waamai Esperantist.

kutadza

Kwemakore anopfuura 100, vakawanda mutauro chakagadzirwa yakabuda sezvo mafeni nevatsoropodzi. Vanotaura nezverubhapatidzo Esperanto, sezvachiri rimwe kakasaririra varaidza pakati ari Victorian yaitonga, yakafanana phrenology uye mweya wamasvikiro. Kubvira ivepo, hazvina kuva mutauro nyika. Uyezve, vanhu haaratidzi zvikuru kushingaira pfungwa.

Vatsoropodzi uyewo gakava Esperanto, hazvisi nyore, asi mutauro zvakaoma kudzidza. girama Its ane zvizhinji dzisina mitemo, uye kunyora tsamba zvakaoma pamusoro kiibhodhi ano. Representatives vanobva munyika dzakasiyana tichingotarisira kuedza kuita pachake yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita yayo kuvandudza nayo. Izvi zvinotungamirira kusawirirana uye kusiyana nezvinhu edzidzo. Uyewo uchibvunzwa euphony kwayo.

Asi Fans mutauro nharo kuti kune yose vaitaura mutauro mumwe chete, makore 100 - zviri zvishoma, uye akapa kuitika nhamba chizvarwa vakurukuri, Esperanto ine ramangwana.