Focal urefu hwe lens seimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvakasvibirira zvephotoptics

Nzvimbo yakatarisa ye lens iri kure pakati peivo rekumusoro kwekutanga kwe lens uye kugadzirisa kumashure kweiyo optical system.

Sezviri pachena, tsanangudzo yezvidzidzo, kubva pakuonekwa kwevanhuwo zvavo, inopesana. Nokudaro, zvinokosha kune mufananidzo wekuita amateur kwete zvikuru kuziva ruzivo rwezvinhu zvakadaro zvakakosha zvakakosha sehupamhi hwepamusoro ye lens, zvakadini kufungidzira kuti chinhu ichi chinoita sei. Uye zvinokanganisa kuswedera / kubviswa kwechinyorwa mumutauri wekuona / pachiyero / mumufananidzo, pamwe chete nehuchauya.

Kune lenzi ine shanduko yakasiyana-siyana yepamusoro ("zoom") uye lenzi ine nguva inogara yakasimba ("fixes"). Muchiitiko ichi, "zoom" inoiswa mune zoom lenses uye zoom lenses. Zoom lenzi inowanzoshandiswa mumakamera neine optics inoshandurudzwa, pamwe chete ne "mirati inoshandiswa" (makamera, mutemo wekutarisa unofanana nesirivha yakasvibirira ndiro, asi maitirwo, uye chimiro pachacho ikamera yegirazi). Izvo zvakagadziriswa zve lenzi dzakadaro ndezvokuti zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuisa pfungwa pahuwandu hwose hwehurefu hunotaridzirwa huchaziviswa nemugadziri wechirongwa ichi. Vario lens hadzina pfuma yakadaro uye inobvumira muridzi wacho kutema chete pane imwe nheyo yehukuru hurefu. Panguva imwechete iyo yakawanda yakawanda, yakajeka uye inodhura kudarika zoom zoom. Asi vazhinji vashandisi ve "magirazi" akadaro havatombofungidziri chirevo chakadaro. Zvinenge zvose "mabhokisi masapu" emakero ezasi nepakati akaenzana ane zvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana.

Nzvimbo yakakosha ye lens, sekutonga, inowanikwa muzita rayo (yekushandura kunobvumirana), kana nemashizha mashomanana netsamba yakangoisa pairi (inowanzoreva "sese trays"). Muchikamu chekupedzisira, zvakakosha zvikuru kuti usabatwa mumhepo; Vamwe vakugadziri vanongoratidzira hutano hunobudirira hwemwenje, imwe chete yechokwadi, uye vamwe - zvose. Mushure mekuuya kwekamberi kamera, pfungwa ye "crop factor" yakashandiswa pakati pevatori vemifananidzo. Ichi ndicho chiyero chezviyero zvakaringana zvekhamera zvakananga kumativi akaenzana ehutsetse-firimu yemafirimu (36 mm x 24 mm). Izvo zvose matrices e digital digact "anosaswa", i.e. Izvo zviyero zviduku zvakanyanya kudarika zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinyorwa zvemufirimu. Nokudaro, kuti uone iyo inonzi yakakosha yakareba urefu (sekunge iwe uri kupfura imwechete-firimu "saga bhokisi"), kureba kwechokwadi kwemajeri kunofanira kuwedzerwa nezvirimwa zvinokonzera matrix. Dzimwe nguva iyi parameter inonziwo yakareba urefu mu 35-millimeter yakaenzana. Ukuru hwematrice ekamera yemadhijita inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumabhuku ekufambisa kamera, kana pane webhupu yekuita. Zvichida, ukuru huchaita sechinhu chisina kujairika, chimwe chinhu chakadai - 1 / 2.5. "Zvadaro paIndaneti unogona kuwana matafura ekugadzirisa croping chikonzero chemavara akawandisa matrix.

Maererano nehukuru hwehupamhi hurefu (kazhinji chaiye, kwete hunobudirira), lenzi inoparadzaniswa kuzvinhu zvinotevera:

• Ultra-wide-angle (pasi pe20 mm). Sezvo mutemo, vanoshanda nekuda kwekuputira panoramic landscapes, zvivakwa;
• Yakakura-angle (24-35 mm). Nzvimbo yavo - kuputira munzvimbo, kunyanya maduku, masango, boka remapoka;
• Kazhinji (35-70 mm). Maonero evanhu anotarisa akaenzana nehupamhi hwakareba hwema50 mm. Nokudaro, iyi sangano re lenzi inowanzoshandiswa kushambadzira zuva nezuva. Mifananidzo yakatorwa pazvikwereti izvi zvinotarisa zvakasikwa;
• Nguva yakareba (70-135 mm). Kureba kwakadaro kwakagadzirirwa nechinangwa chikuru chekuita mafirimu, uyewo zvinonzi "portrait" (lenzi inotarisirwa kuvepa mufananidzo) ;
• Telephoto lens (inopfuura 135 mm). Zvose zvakajeka - kupfura zvinhu izvo zviri kure kwazvo nemufananidzo. Lens yakadaro ichava inokosha apo kupfura mitambo yemitambo, makontikiti. Kana kuti, taura, pamusana pezvikara zvemhuka.

Zvechokwadi, kupatsana uku kwemaseroti kuburikidza nehukuru hwehupamhi hwepamusoro hunodikanwa, zvisinei, pakusarudza optics kwekhamera, kunyange munyori wemamoto anofanirwa kufungisisa zvaanoronga kuita negirazi.