Fomura urovha. The urovha zvazvingava sei kuverenga?

Kazhinji tinonzwa pamusoro TV nhau pamusoro kuwedzera kana kudzikisa ari kwemabasa mwero imwe nyika, guta. Asi zvakanaka, mumwe nomumwe wedu anoziva zvinorehwa? Pashure pezvose, chokwadi unogona chete kunzwisiswa zvakanaka kuziva kukosha chinhu chakadai urovha. dzemaitirwe yemaitiro wakapiwa pazasi achabatsirawo kuti kunzwisisa nyaya iri nani.

Zvinokonzera urovha

Like kana kwete, asi chero nyika pane chikamu vanhu havashandi panguva. Kunyange nenyika dzakapfuma vane urovha. Izvi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka.

Chero kupfuura dzakabudirira nyika uye upfumi hwenyika pari panzvimbo nokuda kwemabasa. Zvichida chete nepfungwa capitalism, vanhu veSoviet vanodavira kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera munhu wose achava basa uye rinochengeta nhumbi kurega kutengeswa nokuda mari.

Urovha kungava nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Vanogona kukamurwa kuva mapoka akawanda:

- zvoupfumi;

- enyika;

- social;

- unhu.

Nezvikonzero zvemari boka zvinosanganisira vaya chokuita chaizvo kuti zvoupfumi ane nharaunda (nyika). Kana inogona hurumende kuti zero, upfumi kutadza, makambani akamira, ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti basa uzere haagoni kunzi. Muchiitiko chino, vanhu kungorega pasina kushanda.

Political zvikonzero kwakavakirwa chero administrative zviyero hurumende mutemo imwe kwemauto hwenyika. Dzimwe nguva policies kugadzirisa nyaya dzakawanda kwakaita, kukanganwa kuti sei upenyu vagari munyika. Mumwe pakudaro awana basa, uye mumwe anorasikirwa.

munzanga boka kunosanganisira zvinokonzera kwemabasa, hwokuzvimirira zveupfumi kana enyika kukura vector. Vari zvakawanda kukanganiswa mukurumbira uye mapfekero. Somuenzaniso, kungava 1000 vakasununguka mabasa nokuda pambiru Cleaner, asi nekuda zvavanotenda nezvomukana yokuwana mamwe repamusoro uye nani mabasa vanhu havashandi panguva.

Nokuti munhu kwezvikonzero boka zvinosanganisira vaya chokuita nomumwe unhu vanhu. Pashure zvose, pane vaya vasingadi kushanda, kugara zvakanaka, kunwa doro uye zvinodhaka, uye vawane kuita chinhu nokuda vanhu hazvitomboiti ari huripo kuumbwa zviri pamutemo.

Kuverenga yakarurama Statistical mashoko pamusoro vakaremara vanhu, rinokosha inonyatsoita kwemabasa. The urovha zvazvingava, izvo unogona kurishandisa kuverenga uye kuona kukura kwemabasa ose zvemari kushingaira kwevanhu. It ichakurukurwa pazasi.

Pakarepo zvinokosha kuziva zvinotevera. Inogona akaverenga munzira dzakasiyana urovha unodiwa. The yokuita kukarukureta neimwe nzira achava vayo. Asi kunyanya ari nhamba dzakashandiswa mwero kwemabasa of International Labor Organization.

Zvinonzi kunoyerwa nhamba uwandu havashande nokuwanda zvemari kushingaira kwevanhu.

Vasingashandi - zviri chikamu basa simba, iyo inogona kushandiswa iri kugadzirwa zvinhu kana mabasa, asi vamwe chikonzero hauna mumabasa azvaiitwa.

Zvemari kushingaira kwevanhu - nhamba yevanhu vane akagwinya uye zvinogona munyaya kugadzirwa zvinhu kana mabasa.

mhando urovha

Pakuverenga ari urovha zvazvingava, zvinofanira kupiwa kuyera chairo nemigumisiro. Zvinofanira tarisa Mapato vokuparidzira, uyewo mhando kwemabasa kuti kukwanisa kuongorora zvabuda, iyo inoratidza urovha fomura. The urovha zvazvingava maererano pamusoro parameters zvichava zvakasiyana uye kupfeka zvakasiyana hunhu.

Unogona kusarudza zvinotevera mhando urovha :

1. Mamiriro.

2. Kukweshera.

3. Pamwaka.

4. Cyclic.

Next, isu funga mumwe mhando muudzame uye kuwana nzira kuti zvichatibatsira kuziva pamwero neimwe.

STRUCTURAL urovha

Structural urovha ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda kwemarudzi. Kuvapo kwake upfumi nokuda dzose kuchinja musika kudiwa dzimwe zvigadzirwa. Kana kudiwa chikawira pamusoro imwe chigadzirwa, ipapo kudiwa nyanzvi vanozvigadzira, anonziwo ipfupi.

Kuti varwise kwemabasa mhando iyi inoda zvikuru nguva yakawanda kudzidzisa nenyanzvi vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo pasi kuitika itsva kudiwa.

Nokuti kukarukureta kwaiita zvinotevera nzira iri urovha. The urovha mwero STRUCTURAL mhando rinowanikwa sezvinotevera:

Bstr = ACC / Chrs * 100%, apo:

CCA - uwandu STRUCTURAL urovha;

Chrs - zvachose kubasa.

frictional urovha

Frictional urovha inechirevo pamwero nezanyatnyh vanhu vane mamwe zvinodiwa. Kazhinji pane kukura kwemabasa, kana pane dambudziko achitevera upfumi: kuvharwa uye kuderera okuwana vanokwanisa kupfuura sangano firimu itsva. Kureva, vanhu chaizvoizvo vanorasikirwa nemabasa uye vasina kukwanisa kuwana basa nokuda kwokushaya mabasa zvakafanana zvinodiwa zvavo.

Ndiko kutaura kuti frictional kwemabasa ane nyore kwebasa rokumanikidzirwa simba, risingazununguswi kudziviswa, asi zvinokwanisika kuderedza mwero. Nzira huru kuderedza Kuwanikwa nani mashoko ari chezvinonhuwira kuti basa pamusika, izvo zvinofanira munguva yakafanira azivise voruzhinji pamusoro chitarisiko siyana vakasununguka mabasa.

Change mwero kwemabasa achabatsira mutoo. The urovha mwero kukweshera mhando rinowanikwa sezvinotevera:

BDF = ZWL / Chrs * 100%, apo:

FCC - uwandu frictional urovha.

pamwaka urovha

Vakawanda chokuita basa iri mumwaka. Somuenzaniso, kana iwe akaenda yokuzororera nzvimbo, ipapo akacherechedza kuti chete imwe mwaka, yakawedzerwa kudiwa uye panyaya zvinhu kana mabasa. Mumakomo, vashanyi vanoda kuuya muchando, uye negungwa - muzhizha. Mamwe cafes, zvitoro uye mamwe mabhizimisi zvisina kushanda. Panguva ino vashandi vavo kana vari kunze basa kana vakabatanidzwa mune zvimwewo.

Uyezve, pane mafekitari zhinji kuti dzidzira muna pamwaka zvigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, Vagadziri domatisi namatidza kana muto akasungirirwa nguva kuibvisa zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvokurima. Vose pagadzirwe nzvimbo dziri kunze basa, uyewo vaiti mafekitari izvi.

Hazvina kuoma ngaaverenge kuti pamwero kwemabasa. The fomura ndiko:

BS = Kč / Chrs * 100%, apo:

Ks - Nhamba mumwaka urovha.

cyclical urovha

Izvi mhando Rinobatanidzwa ne nevakawanda kunzwisisa Zvinonzi zvoupfumi. Kune kodzero kwoupfumi, izvo kunosimbiswa kuramba uye munyika yose, kana paine nguva zvoupfumi kukura, pachava nenguva kudzikira.

Kureva, kubvira nguva nenguva ipi upfumi huri kuwedzera, zviri kuderera. Panguva rutapudzo pamusoro GDP uye rinowanika cyclic kwemabasa, izvo kuratidza mwero dzisingafambwi basa maererano kwenguva pfupi zvinoderedza kugadzirwa vanokwanisa uye kusunungurwa workflows.

Kuverenga kwemabasa mwero uchishandisa zvinotevera fomura. urovha zvazvingava zviri cyclic:

BC = CP / Chrs * 100%, apo:

CP - uwandu cyclical urovha.

Other urovha rate

Kuti aite zvakadzama kuongorora hazvina kukwana kuziva sei kuverenga nenhamba dzakapiwa kumusoro. Kazhinji kushandisa chinhu chakadai somunhu dzinongoitika mwero kwemabasa.

Its kukarukureta fomura iri sezvinotevera:

Iva Bstr = + BDF.

Yepanyama urovha. Ko nhamba?

Ko mufananidzo uyu? It rinowanikwa kana vachida kuziva zvichaguma zvinonyatsorehwa pamwero kwemabasa panyaya, kana zvinhu zviri basa zvizere.

Kureva, kana vose vaida, aigona kuwana basa. Saka, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvakasikwa kwemabasa zvazvingava, kuti nzira iyo iri pamusoro apa, anobvumawo kuti upfumi chete kune STRUCTURAL uye frictional urovha mhando.

Tinogona kutaura kuti nhamba iyi inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu kuti kwakasimbiswa pabasa pamusika, pasi akanaka ezvinhu, apo vose zvemari kushingaira vakawanda Anoshanda kubudisa zvinhu kana mabasa.

chaiyeiye urovha

Chimwe chinoratidza ndiyo chaiyo huru urovha. It rinowanikwa sezvo Verengai mhando dzose kwemabasa kurehwa apa, kunze zvepanyama. Kureva Verengai STRUCTURAL, frictional, cyclical uye pamwaka - zviri chaiko urovha. The yemaitiro iri sezvinotevera:

BF = Bstr + BDF + Kavalkaran + bc.

Actual urovha Chaizvoizvo inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo pamusoro basa pamusika. Zvinogona kuva zvinopfuura akaenzana zvichidzika pane zvakasikwa mwero kwemabasa. kukarukureta fomura zvinoratidza kuti nhamba iyi inobata zvachose mhando dzose kwemabasa, izvo zvinoreva:

1. The chaiwo pamwero wakakwirira kupfuura zvepanyama kwemabasa mwero iri chiitiko kuti pane kuderera mune kumhanya chiitiko upfumi.

2. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu achachinja Proportional kune wekutanga, kana upfumi hwenyika kuri kuwedzera uye mabasa kuonekwa nokukurumidza pane kuenda pamusoro kudzingwa kwevanhu kubva kare nomumbiru dzawo.

Kutaura zvazviri, pamwe zvizere kunzwisisa zvinokonzera, mhando uye zvikonzero nzira kuti pakuverenga kwemabasa kunobatsira kupa kunoda kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kuti basa uye basa hurumende kupa vakadzikama mabasa.

The urovha zvazvingava anogara dzinoratidzwa mamiriro upfumi, uye nokuda chakarurama ichi vanogona infer pamusoro apo kutsvaka zvimwe uye unofanira kugadzirisa upfumi Vector okukura.