Guta guru Australia: Sydney kana muCanberra? Australia: mepu

Apo riri uye zita guru Australia? Sydney kana muCanberra - mamwe maguta aya kuita mabasa guru? Kupa mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi zvakanaka achaenda kure rwendo kuenda huru kure. It yakazopiwa yakawanikwa America, asi pamberi Antarctica. Nokukakavara pamusoro ndiani wokutanga vokuEurope yacho muna Australia, kwete subsiding kusvikira ikozvino. Uyewo kuramba gakava pamusoro pemhando guta riri munyika yakaisvonaka uye liveable.

Mainland Australia

Photo kangaroos uye koalas - rudzi kushevedza kadhi worudzi ruduku kondinendi Pasi. Australia anenge 4,5 munguva isingasviki muAfrica uye zvakawanda chete 2.5 nguva kupfuura chitsuwa chenyika - Zimbabwe. On the kondinendi, ndiko guru mamiriro - the Commonwealth kweAustralia. Students kazhinji zvakaoma kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro zita guru Australia, Sydney kana muCanberra? Melbourne kana Sydney? Uye hazvisi chete makondinendi kure uye nyika. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka kufunga usati unodana muguta guru. Tsanangura zvinhu kubatsira ruzivo nhoroondo kuwanika uye kugarwa yacho kondinendi kubudikidza vokuEurope.

Kufambira kiyi yokutanga Danho munhoroondo kuwanika uye pave Australia

Search nekuti gungwa nzira kubva Europe kuIndia uye China kushingaira ichiitwa nguva huru nenzvimbo matongo, vokuSpain, Portuguese, uye pashure pavo, uye Dutch. Asati pakutanga XVII remakore muEurope hatizivi aripiko Australia. Chidimbu ruzivo pamusoro Reisen yechiPutukezi vezvikepe uye vatengesi kusvika pamhenderekedzo zvisingazivikanwi wokumaodzanyemba nyika dziri kubvira XVI remakore, asi uchapupu yakaunganidzwa hakuna kukwana.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti aiongorora Torres kubva kuSpain muna 1606 vakayambuka Strait kumaodzanyemba New Guinea, achiratidza kuti chitsuwa, pane chikamu zvisingazivikanwi kondinendi wokumaodzanyemba. Torres akaona kubudikidza akakamanikana ine zita rake nhasi, pamhenderekedzo imwe nyika (Australia). nomupiro Great kuti kudzidza kondinendi makaita Dutch. Kwenguva yakareba zvakanga ndisingazikamwi sei kure kumabvazuva atambanudza nharaunda kwesango kondinendi.

VokuEurope zvose sezvisingaiti kuvhura dzavo munyika iri kure nechokumaodzanyemba. Chokutanga, uyo akasvika kubva Old World zvakashamisa marsupials, tsvuku ivhu, kupwa nzizi. Zvikuru dzinokodzera upenyu vatama vachibva Europe aiva nharaunda iri kumabvazuva, uko nyoro mhepo kubva penyanza kunonoka makomo inowira zvakawanda kunayisa kupfuura pakati kondinendi.

Swimming D. Cook uye British muchinangwa kugarwa yacho kondinendi

Anozivikanwa nokuda Kufamba nomugungwa vakapoteredza nyika wokuEngland Dzheyms e, achiziva apo Australia akapinda mumakore 1769-1770 kudzidza miganhu rokumabvazuva pamhenderekedzo. Kupfuura mhenderekedzo kubva New Zealand, Cook asvika kuchamhembe muromo kondinendi. Kubvira panguva iyoyo akatanga kukura idzi vanotongwa Chirungu Crown. January 26, 1788 yokutanga munzvimbo yeBritain rakaumbwa. Kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore vakaramba havaratidzi kunzwisisa mukati nharaunda kuti haana chakatadzisa British vanoti yose nyuchi kondinendi. With pfungwa yacho Tasmanian vaAborigine uye Australian munhu haana kuverenga.

Vachiri kuoma gakava pamusoro kana paiva munhoroondo kare yacho yaiurayiwa runodiwa. Hapana mubvunzo kuti mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti iri mutauro uri Australia. Nyika yakakura vatori vechikamu pamusoro Commonwealth of Nations. Pamutemo yapfuura madzimambo uye pari Mambokadzi England - musoro yeimwe sangano munyika uye nemataundi nenharaunda. In Australia, mutauro unonyanya kushandiswa uri Chirungu.

Zviduku kondinendi Nyika: nzvimbo yomugariro nzvimbo (Chiremba)

In chii hemisphere ndiye Australia? Ngatitorei Kutarira mepu. Sezvaunogona kuona, huru iri kumaodzanyemba neequator, kureva. E. iri zvachose Southern Hemisphere. The chikuru zvinhu Chiremba pakati Australia mu Latitude:

• York Peninsula - zvakanyanyisa kuchamhembe pfungwa huru.
• Zvikuru southerly chinzvimbo kondinendi anopindura Cape South Point.
• Ndima Australia kunosvika yakafanana 10 ° S. W. kuti 39 ° S. W.
• Anenge ari pakati kondinendi vayambuka ne Southern Tropic.

In chii hemisphere ndiye Australia: East kana West? Mainland kwete piringisha meridians 0 ° uye 180 °, zvinoreva kuti riri chose kumabvazuva hemisphere. The chikuru zvinhu Chiremba pakati Australia Longitude:

• Kumugumo kumadokero - M pamawere Point ..
• The yokunyanyisa okumabvazuva nzvimbo anotora m. Byron.
• Australia riri kumabvazuva Meridian 113 °. g., 153 ° kumadokero. d.
• The zvachose nzvimbo yacho iri pamusoro 7.659.000. Km ^2.

Continent pakugadzwa kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva anenge 4 zviuru. Km. Kure kubva yakaoma kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba zvayo wejira ndezvokuti anenge 3,7 zviuru. Km.

Mhenderekedzo yegungwa

Mainland Australia okumavirira:

• Timor uye Sea Arafura kuchamhembe;
• Coral, Sea Tasman kumabvazuva;
• bays uye mumatambudziko ose Indian Ocean kusvika mavirazuva nenyasi.

Kurutivi rwezasi-kumabvazuva Australia ndiro Tasmania, chitsuwa pamusoro - iri kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. New Guinea. Achitevedza kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo anomhanya nyika guru sumbu Coral - Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri. Natural "mamiriro" rinosvika kureba 2 zviuru. Km. Coral kumboongororwa, pazvitsuwa zvacho zvakaoma kusvika kubva kumabvazuva kweAustralia yakaoma (mufananidzo mumwe zvitsuwa zviduku kuratidzwa pazasi).

Commonwealth pamusoro Australia

Up kusvikira okupedzisira ezana XIX remakore chikamu Australia ine 6 vakaparadzana nyuchi pamwe nehurumende dzavo, muchiuto uye zvimwe unhu rusununguko. Muna 1898 akatanga kukura bumbiro ungano dzaiva Federation. Zuva 1901 vokuAustralia wokutanga akagamuchira sevagari kusaroora - the Commonwealth kweAustralia.

The yairwisana maguta munyika, rakava wechitanhatu munyika tichitarisa munharaunda, zvakatanga makore anopfuura 100 apfuura. The mubvunzo akasimuka: zvichava apo guta guru Australia? Sydney kana muCanberra - iyo Maguta aya vanosarudza? Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vokuAustralia vakawanda vanodavira kondinendi zvavo kupfuura kujairika. From Sydney uye muCanberra ndiri kuchema guta ravo, vachifunga kuti vari yakanakisisa. In Melbourne vanoti guta ravo riri wakajeka, nevanhu.

Sei rinonzi guta guru Australia: Sydney, Melbourne kana muCanberra?

Federal hurumende pashure 1901 kunge re pamusoro zvikuru akasika Australian Territory Capital. Kwakasarudzwa kuti pachava guru Australia. Sydney kana Melbourne - ava vaviri maguta guru aigona kuve administrative nzvimbo Federation kuchiri rokutanga gumi pashure ayo zvisikwa. Kana kupedzisa nhaurirano, kwakasarudzwa kuti agumise makwikwi akasimuka. Zvatinofarira anopiwa kuti kwechinguva Melbourne. Uyu aimbova guta guru Australia, apo paramende yeUnited aiva chikamu zana.

Pfungwa kuvaka guta idzva kwenguva refu zvivepo pamusoro munharaunda New South Wales, asi kwete muSydney, uye zvishoma mberi kure nemhenderekedzo. Chete muna 1908 pakupedzisira akanga aifarirwa nzvimbo yaiona uye enyika pakati nyika, uye muna 1911 akatanga magadzirirwo ayo uye kuvakwa. mabasa Melbourne guta anoitwa kusvikira 1927.

MuCanberra: nechepasi uye guta

Ndakapfuura anopfuura makore gumi pashure nokuumba kusaroora haizi pachitsuwa asi vanhu vakawanda vachiri kuona zvakaoma kupindura mubvunzo: "? The guta guru Australia - Sydney kana muCanberra"

Muna 1911, mumwe makwikwi yakaziviswa yokugadzira rimwe guta idzva. Akakunda kwaari American mapurani Walter Griffin. Nevanyori pfungwa guru kwakanga chokwadi zita rayo. Tinopa pfungwa dzinotevera: Dzheyms e, Shakespeare, Olympus, asi pakupedzisira, akaramba zita munhau.

In March 1913 ibwe rokutanga nheyo guta rakanga makazviteya. Zita guru idzva rinobva eponymous musha muCanberra musi Molongo rwizi. The kure pano Sydney kuchamhembe-mabvazuva - anenge 280 makiromita kuna Melbourne kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero - 650? Km. Shoko "muCanberra" rinoshandurwa kubva mumutauro vaAborigine pakati Australia aigona kureva chaizvoizvo "nzvimbo musangano". Wokutanga Chirungu kugarwa akazviratidza pano muna 1820. A National zororo - Zuva nheyo muCanberra - Australia kuti akasarudza kupemberera rimwe gore (wechipiri Monday muna March).

Kukura, kubudirira uye magetsi zvinoitika guru Australia

Economic nenyonganyonga World War First wononoka kuvakwa. Chete muna 1927 ari Federal Parliament Australia akabva Melbourne kuna muCanberra. The kukura guru kunge seiyi panguva Kuderera Kukuru uye Hondo Yenyika II. Chete pashure 1945 muCanberra vakatanga kuwanda. Kuwanda Vagari aro kumativi 392 zviuru. Man. In guru, kuti urovha mwero dererei uye avhareji mari kupfuura munyika yose. Pakutanga, chirongwa akagovera kusikwa guta mubindu, yakanaka uye upenyu hwakanaka. On muganhu muCanberra akaramba kukosha nzvimbo rwokuzvarwa zvinomera nzvimbo, akaputsika anovaraidza itsva uye dzinoungana. In guru, chigaro yeParamende ndiye Supreme Court, uye hurumende masangano akawanda. Historic nzvimbo uye zvinokwezva muCanberra sezvinotevera:

• Dzimba Paramende (vaimbova uye iyezvino);
• Anglican Church of St. Ioanna Krestitelya ;
• pachechi St. John;
• National Museum;
• War Memorial;
• Australian National University;
• Royal Military College;
• National Gallery.

Zvinoumba administrative-miganhu uye yevagari arambe achirema

Kuwedzera Federal Capital Territory, Australia chikamu kumatunhu mashoma kuti zvakasiyana kukura, nhamba uye Kuronga vemo. Zvishoma nevakabva uye vakava nzvimbo - North. Uyezve, pane 6 vakaparadzana inoti: Western uye South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria uye Tasmania. The zvikuru nzvimbo kumatunhu Australia - kweQueensland uye Western Australia.

The guta pakukura munyika iri kumhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva, kwete chete nokuda nhoroondo yakawanikwa uye kugarwa yacho kondinendi. Kubva Pacific Ocean achitevedza Australian pamhenderekedzo anomhanya necheni wemakomo, kwayo avhareji yakakwirira - 1500-2000 M Ndicho Great kuparadzanise Range, izvo inodzivirira pamhenderekedzo ubvise kubva akaoma nemhepo inopisa vachiridza kubva nechepakati gwenga munzvimbo ..

The pakukura guta riri East Coast - Sydney. Kuwanda yemo ndimo kumativi mamiriyoni 4.4. Man. In mufananidzo weguta unokwanisa kazhinji kuona chena pakuvaka Opera House akanaka, akafanana seiri Yacht kana orenji zvikamu. Opera muna Sydney - chimwe chezvinhu yakanaka mapurani hurongwa zvenyika - chiratidzo kwete chete guta asiwo yose Australia. Akaoma hwokugadzira mhinduro munyori yemitambo chivakwa (Jörg Utston) mudzidziso muupenyu makore 10. Kujairika nechomukati dhanzi kushongedzwa wakanzi "yepasi pose Gothic".

Melbourne riri kumaodzanyemba Sydney uye muCanberra, nhamba mairi iri vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 3.9. Guta vaiona yemitambo guru Australia: pane dzakawanda tenesi mutambo, vatasvi rudzi "Formula -1". Interesting chepakutanga akitekicha kunokwezva vashanyi Melbourne. City muna asingasviki mazana maviri, akaita hwakabva musha hove rive guru.

tsanangudzo pfupi huru socio-zvoupfumi zviratidzi

Overview yeAustralia achava kukwana kana musingavapi inokosha wevanotungamirira zviratidzo, tisingatauri vamwe anokosha socio-zvoupfumi zvechadenga nyika. The zvachose nzvimbo yeUnited mamiriro Australia anenge 7,687 km ^2. Ndima zvinosanganisira kwete chete yakaoma, asi uyewo nhamba pedyo nayo huru neduku zvitsuwa. VomuSouth - maererano nemashoko rwa2014 - vanhu mamiriyoni 23.8.

Vateveri Church muEngland Commonwealth pakati Australia ane vanenge 26% of zvachose kwevanhu. About chete muAustralia pevaKaturike vateveri nevamwe vezvitendero echiKristu. Panguva kumhara pamusoro yakaoma European colonists runodiwa yakanga yakaderera azvipire kukura. Indigenous vokuAustralia vaiita kuunganidza michero uye mbeu zviri dzesango, kuvhima uye kuredza hove.

On huru yeEngland akatanga kupinza angaratidza, wokutanga nyuchi nezvimwe misha zvachose. Kubva Old World kuna Australia pamwe pamutemo vanogara nezvipfuwo vaiva utachiona evanhu uye mhuka. Somugumisiro chirwere yekudyidzana kwakaderedza nhamba ravaIndia vanhu. Great kukuvara kasvisto dzomusango akaita tsuro nezvimwe herbivores acclimatized.

Australia ndiro nezviwanikwa, izvo kazhinji mined ari kuchamhembe uye vokumadokero kumatunhu munyika. The zvicherwa anganzi negasi deposits, mafuta, marasha, ferrous uye vasiri ferrous nesimbi, goridhe uye uranium exchange. Kuvhiyiwa huru renewable simba manyuko: zuva nemwaranzi, Maze, mhepo. The huru nzizi - rwaMurray Darling uye mutsika - diridza yecocoa zvokurima iri kumaodzanyemba. Australia - huru mombe-maberekero nharaunda, kunyanya yakatanga pano wakaisvonaka-fleeced kurera makwai nemombe. Investment nemakambani omunharaunda uye dzimwe mari mu Zvisaririra mafuta mbishi zvinhu (mafuta uye gasi). The Commonwealth Australia kuva mugodhi uye kubudiswa Mazinga, ekisipoti-akapa pakugadzira zvinhu, simba uye zvirimwa. The nyika ine rikamuka tertiary kwemauto hwenyika (basa nharaunda).

Basa huru mari ndiwo Australian dhora Anoita. GDP chete capita yeAustralia pakati pamusoro munyika gumi, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro wechitanhatu munyika. Australia, nyika uye Oceania guru Akakwezva vashanyi. Nokuti muduku chitsuwa mundima mari kubva kwemauto ichi hwenyika zvakakosha.

Australia sechikamu Oceania

Control Commonwealth zvinoshanda archipelagos uye zvitsuwa: Summit, Cocos, Cartier, Macdonald, Norfolk, Christmas, Hurd (dzimwe nzvimbo izvi hazvisi mugari population).

Guta guru Australia uye Oceania ari yekudyidzana kwakasiyana mumwe muzvinhu zvakawanda. chitsuwa marudzi Most hunodzorwa runodiwa. Kunyange pakukura dzinozvitonga uye kubatsirwa mundima pamakumi nguva zvishoma pane Australian. Saka, nyika nharaunda, iri kuchamhembe Australia - Papua New Guinea - anenge zviuru 463 km ^2, nhamba vagari yakasvika mamiriyoni 7.1 ..

Nezvirahwe kondinendi diki

Travel kuna Australia anokwezva kune vanhu vazhinji, nokuti kondinendi iri rakakurumbira nokuda zvekumwe. Kune vazhinji endemic, vakawana kumwe kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Sezvo nyanzvi, kare zvakanga chikamu Australia huru-kondinendi, asi nekuda paradzanisa ake uye vasakukurwa kusvikira kumaodzanyemba rakabviswa mamwe makondinendi. Nokuda voga kwayo Australia uye pamusoro. Tasmania akachengetedzwa kakasaririra zvinomera uye marsupials,-refu yakatotsakatika muAfrica uye Eurasia.

Maererano migumisiro matongo Zvakafukunurwa, dombo mifananidzo, zvisaririra dzevanhu, zviridzwa yekare basa, vatsvakurudzi vakatsunga nguva kugarwa yacho kondinendi. Zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti muAustralia okutanga vanhu vachibva dzimwe makondinendi navanhu. Zvichida vanhu varipo kare anenge 50 emakore, asi zvingangoita kuti okutanga vagari paiva zvuru 21. Makore akapfuura.

Vatsvakurudzi Australian kudoma fauna of munzvimbo imwe nharaunda, muchitenda kuti anogara mhuka dzakawanda rekare munharaunda iyi Earth. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna Paleozoic nguva paiva nyika nokuda Asian chikamu Eurasia. Zvadaro musi yakaoma fauna of haana siyana. Asati pakutanga Quaternary nguva Australia akauya mhuka marsupial. Around imwe nguva paiva kwokupedzisira kupatsanurwa makondinendi. Sezvo Australia haana kukwanisa zvinopfuura zvikara - vamiririri dzakanga mhuka. Naizvozvo, nokuti zvemo Fauna of kondinendi pamberi pedu, ivo havana zvemo. Inowanikwa Australia mukuru placental mhuka - platypus uye echidna, marsupials - kangaroos, koalas nedzimwe mhuka kujairika.