Hondo yakadzivirira pedyo nehupamhi hwe 3234. Nhoroondo yehu heroic mabasa yekambani ye9

Zvinotendwa kuti maSoviet mauto akaiswa munharaunda yeDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) pakukumbira kwehurumende iyoyo. Kuedza kuvhiringidza kuonekwa kwemauto ane utsinye pamiganhu yayo, Politburo weCentral Committee yeCPSU yakasarudza kusangana nevavakidzani vavo uye munaDecember 1979 kuti vauye kuwedzera huwandu hwemauto ayo muRipublic. Pakutanga, hapana munhu muUSSR akatarisirwa kwemakore akawanda okushorwa, asi zvakatora makore gumi kurwisana.

VaMujahideen (vapanduki) vakarwa nemauto ehurumende nemapoka eSoviet Army - avo vainzi vaFghgh nevamwe vekune dzimwe nyika vakabatana nemauto akadzivirira uye avo vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya munharaunda yePakistan yakatarisana. Vatsigiri vavo vaiva United States, pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika dzeMiddle East. Nekubatsira kwavo, Mujahideen vakange vakashonga, vakagadzirirwa, uye vakapa rubatsiro rwemari. Basa iri rainzi "Chinyenyeri".

Prologue

Muna December 1987, imwe yenhengo dzehurumende dzehurumende dzeRDC dzakavharwa mumuganhu wemuganhu weKostst (province yePaptia) nechepakati pePakistan. Mushure mekunge mauto eSoviet achibva munzvimbo idzi, mauto eharaunda aisakwanisa kurwisa kuparadza kwakasimba kwezvikwata zvakagadzirirwa uye zvakadzidziswa zveMujahideen. Semugumisiro, havana kungosiya kurairika kwegwagwa weGhost-Gardez, asi vakavharirwawo muHiti pachayo. Murairo weWestern Army wakasarudza kubatsira vakabatana vakakomberedzwa nekupa zvombo, zvombo uye zvokudya nemhepo. Nokudaro, hutungamiri hweHSSR Hondo dzehondo dzakasarudza kutungamira mauto "Magistral" kuti afukidze Khost nemugwagwa wakatarisana nawo.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kushanda uku kwaiitwa nenzira yakajeka. Kunyangwe kusati kwasvika gore idzva, guta rose nemugwagwa mukuru zvakatorwa pasi pesimba remauto edu, uye musi waDecember 30, 1987, yekutanga mazamu akawanikwa mumugwagwa.

Chikamu che "Magistral"

Iyo hondo pakakwirira ye 3234 (1988) Yaiva chimwe chezvinhu zve Operation Magistral. Ichokwadi ndechokuti munzvimbo ino ine makomo mugwagwa uyu ndiwo chete wekubatanidza kuungana munzvimbo yacho nenyika yakakura, saka yakachengetedzwa zvikuru.

Nzira idzi nedzimwe mhando dzechengetedze dzaigara dziri pasi pekukomberedza uye kurwisa kweMujahideen. Hondo iyi inotsanangurwa pasi apa kuti kukwirira kwe 3234 kwakave kwakakurumbira muRussia. Kutanga kwevose nekuda kwemufirimu "9th company", yakadhindwa naF Bondarchuk.

Maererano nenguva yenguva yezviitiko

Hondo iri pedyo nehupamhi 3234 yakaitika makiromita mashoma kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva kubva pakati pemugwagwa Goste-Gardez. Zvidzivirire zvakatumirwa kuPatachute 9 yeChishanu yeRegiment, ine vanhu 39, inotungamirirwa naVaLieutenant Sergei Tkachev. Sekusimbiswa kwaiva mhando huru yemapuraneti nemabhadharo akatungamirirwa navakuru vedare V. Alexandrov.

Munyaya dzakawanda, hondo yekumusoro kwe 3234 yakakundwa nekuda kwebasa rakagadzirwa: kwekanguva kengoro, zvigadzirwa, zvinyorwa zvakakumbwa, nzvimbo dzenzira yekutsvaira yomuvengi dzaibvongodzwa, uye kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kwaive nemigodhi yemigodhi.

Kutanga kwehondo. First Attack

Saka, mangwanani-ngwana musi waJanuary 7, hondo yakadzivirira yakatanga kusvika pakakwirira ye 3234. Pasina kubvumwa, sezvavakadanwa, vasinganzwisisiki, vapanduki vacho vakatora kurwiswa kwekutanga, panguva iyo vakaedza kugogodza kuchengetedza kwakagadzirwa pano uye kuvhura nzira yavo kumugwagwa. Zvisinei, ivo vakatsauka. Simba rakagadziriswa huvakwa hwakavakwa neparatroopers uye kupikiswa kwakapiwa hazvina kusiya chero mukana wekufamba kwehondo. Mujahideen akaziva kuti nut iyi yaiva yakasimba kwazvo kwavari.

Mutsva wekutsvaga

Pakave nemakore 15.30 hondo pakusvika kwema 3234 yakaenderera mberi nekukombera, mune zvigadziri zvegrenade, matanda, zvigadziriswa pfuti zvakashandiswa. Mazana mashomanana akaputika ema rocket akaonekwa. Pasi pechipfuva chekombodhi, Mujahideen vakakwanisa kuenda vasina kuonekwa kune zvigaro zvekambani kwemamita mazana maviri uye vachienda kurwisa kubva kumativi maviri pamwe chete. Zvisinei, varwi vedu vakakwanisa kurwisana. Mujahideen aifanira kudzoka.

Zvisinei, kupora kwakagara kwenguva pfupi. Kuungana uye kugamuchira zvigadziro, vakaramba vachirwisana nekumusoro kwe 3234 (mufananidzo uri pasi apa). Yakatanga kutanga pa16,30 uye yakanyanya kuoma. Kuti urongedze kurwisana, mujahideen akatanga kushandisa masaki-talkies. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo yakawana melee. Hondo yacho yakatora nguva inenge awa. Somugumisiro, vanorwisa, avo vakarasikirwa vanenge gumi nevaviri vakafa uye vanenge vanenge gumi nemaviri vakakuvadzwa, vakamanikidzwa kudzoka shure, vasingaswedere pedyo nenzvimbo dzedu necentimita.

Kubva kumativi edu zvakare pakanga pane kurasikirwa kwekutanga. Sezvo mune zvombo, uye kune vashandi. Kunyanya, iyo huru-caliber machine gun "Utes" yakange yakaremara zvachose. Akauraya mutungamiri wekuverengwa kwe ml. Sergeant V. Alexandrov. Munguva iyi kurwiswa kwechinzvimbo chake, mujahideen akaisa moto wezvikwata zvavo zvose zvegrenade - akanga ari munzira yevanorwisa. Mushure mokunge mupurisa wacho wakundwa zvachose, mutungamiriri wacho akarayira varwi kuti vadzokere mukati mokuzvidzivirira, uye akaramba ari muchivako, achifukidza nzvimbo yezvidziviriro. Pakupera kwehondo, mutumbi waVyacheslav Aleksandrov wakawanikwa wakakuvadzwa, asi maoko evarwi akanga achiri kubata makina, kubva kwaakazobvuta. Vadziviriri vakaona rufu rwemushandi wepfuti. Nokudaro, vazhinji vavo vakataura kuti chiitiko chacho chaiva nechinetso chikuru chepfungwa kwavari.

Kurwisa kwechipiri

Achinzwa kuderera kwemoto, mujahideen yakaramba iri pasi peawa Hondo pane yakakwirira ye 3234. Kambani yegumi nemapfumbamwe yakaramba ichizvidzivirira. Panguva ino, nzvimbo inodzivirirwa ne platoon yeArt. Lieutenant Sergei Rozhkov. Vakakwanisa kutora bhiza rakakura rakakanganiswa nemapurisa nekubatana kwezvombo zvehurumende, zvakapiwa kubatsira kudzivirira paratroopers. Moto corrector Ivan Babenko akakwanisa kuvaka basa rake zvakanakisisa zvokuti mujahideen aifanira kudzokazve kubva panzvimbo dzekudzivirira kusina kudzvara chubby. Panguva yekurwisa uku, Anatoly Kuznetsov akaparara.

Hondo yechitatu

Kuvhiringidzika kwenguva refu uye kusindimara kwevashandi vedu vakaita kuti vashandi vatsamwire. Mushure mokuzorora kwenguva pfupi, pa19.10 nguva yenguva yeko, hondo yekumusoro kwe 3234 (mifananidzo Chimwe chezviitiko zvakatorwa kubva mufirimu Bondarchuk) zvakasimbiswa nehomwe huru-gun-fire-grenade launcher. Hondo itsva yakatanga kuva mupfungwa - Mujahideen yaifamba yakareba-refu, pasinei nekurasikirwa. Zvisinei, muparatroopers njodzi dzakadaro dzinonzi veseki chete pazviso zvakaneta. Hondo yechitatu pakureba kwe 3234 yakanyadziswa nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwevanorwisa.

Fifth attack

Kurwiswa kwekupedzisira musi iwoyo, wechishanu mumutsara, wakatanga nguva pfupi pakati peusiku, pa 23.10. Anonzi anonyanya kutyisa. Sezviri pachena, avo vaipikisa vaine zvimwe zvigadziriswa mumurairo, nokuti panguva ino Mujahideen yakanyatsogadzirira. Kuchenesa magwaro pamigodhi yemigodhi, uye kushandisawo nzvimbo dzakafa, vakazokwanisa kuswedera pedyo nechinzvimbo chevatongi vedu nemasita makumi mashanu. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vadzivisi vanogona kunyange kukandira grenades. Zvisinei, haina kuvabatsira. Kurwiswa kwekupedzisira kwevapanduki musi iwoyo, kufanana nevose vekare, vakanyangadzwa nekurashikirwa kukuru kwechirwere chinorwisa.

Kurwisa kokupedzisira

Yekupedzisira, yegumi nembiri munhoroondo yekurwisana yakatanga pa3: 00 paJanuary 8. Maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu akabuda, ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha. Kwete chete kuti muvengi atotanga kuonekwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinotorwa nevaparatroopers, saka varwi vedu vakangoerekana vabuda kunze kwezvombo. Vapurisa vakatotanga kusarudza kupisa zvombo zvehurumende pavari. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kudiwa.

Ruponeso

Ruponeso rwakasvika panguva. Kufanana nemavhidhiyo. Kubwinya kwepatoon kwakatungamirirwa naVaLeutenant-General Aleksey Smirnov panguva imwechete vakapinda muhondo uye vakarova Mujahideen avo vakanga vaputsa munzvimbo dzedu, uye kurwisana pamwe chete nevanodzivirira paratroopers, vakarongeka pamwe chete naro, vakakanda muvengi kure.

Kusvika pakusimbiswa, izvo zvakapawo zvombo zvakakosha kune vatsigiri, uyewo moto wakasimba wezvombo zvehurumende zvakasarudza kuguma kwehondo yose. Kunyatsonzwisisa, pakupedzisira, chii chakutora kukwirira uye kuwanika zvakakosha kwavari nenzira isingashandisi, va dushmans vakatanga kudzoka.

Kuguma kwehondo

Kubvira panguva iyo, hondo yepamusoro 3234 inogona kuonekwa seyo yakakwana. Kuchinzwa kuchinja kwekugadzirisa kwemasimba kwete mukuvada kwavo, vapanduki, vakaunganidza vakafa vavo uye vakakuvara, vakagumisa zviito zvavo zvinokuvadza.

Maererano nemimwe mitsara, rubatsiro rweMujahideen rwakabva kunyange kuVaKaistani mauto. Kunyanya, dzimwe ndege dzakawanda dzaisvika nguva dzose mumupata wakatarisana nawo, wakanga uri kubva pakakwirira kusvika 3234 uri kure nemakiromita anenge 40. Panharaunda yeAfghanistan, vakapa zvidzidzo uye zvombo, kutora vakafa uye vakakuvadzwa. Kusvikira kumagumo ehondo, avo vakagona vakwanisa kuwana helicopter pad. Kuputika kweSmerch volley rocket launcher kwakatangwa pamwe nayo. Hiti yaiva inenge 100%. Zvose helikopta pairi dzakaparadzwa kana dzakaparadzwa. Kurasikirwa kwevapanduki kwakaratidza kuva kwakanyanya. Izvozvo zvekupedzisira zvakare zvaive nemigumisiro yakanaka pamigumisiro yehondo.

Mhando yekutengesa mabhasiri, yakagadzirwa nematatu D-30 maitiki uye zvitatu zveAacacia self-propelled, zvaive zvakabatsira zvikuru kudzivirira mauto evanhu. Pakazara, varwi vakashandisa mazana 600 shots. Kuva mumatare eparatroopers, gurukota guru Ivan Babenko panguva dzakaoma zvikuru dzehondo dzakakwanisa kuisa moto nenzira yakadai kuti mabhomba akaswedera pedyo nechinzvimbo chevarwi vedu vakanganisa kukanganisa chete pakunamata Mujahideen. Panzvimbo dzevapanduki varwi vakashongedza mazana 600 shots.

Pasi pezvose zvakanga zvichiitika pahondo pakanyatsoteverwa nemurairo waiva pedyo, wakatungamirirwa nemukuru weA 40th Army, Lieutenant-General Boris Gromov. Izvo zvose zvisizvo zvehondo zvakarondedzerwa kwaari nemutungamiriri we 345 OpPD, Hero yeSoviet Union, Lieutenant-Colonel V. Vostrotin.

Kumigumisiro yeiyo

Mhare dzezuva ranhasi dzakange dziri paratroopers - 9 makambani. Hondo yekumusoro kwe 3234 yakakunda, sezvavanotaura, yakachena. Sezvo vaidzivirira nzvimbo dzavo, varume vacho vakava varoyi vechokwadi kwete zveuto reSoviet chete, asiwo zveuto reRepublic of Afghanistan. Hondo yekukwirira 3234 yakabatanidzwa mumabhuku akawanda semuenzaniso wezvakanaka zvekuita maitiro uye ushingi.

Mushure mokunge, makumi matatu nevatatu vanoratidzirwa nehurumende nekutsigirwa kwehurumende yekutonga kwete chete yakapesana ne 200 (maererano nevamwe - 400) mujahideen kwemaawa anopfuura 12, vachitakura kurasikirwa kwakanyanya, asiwo vakamanikidzika kuti vekupedzisira vadzokere.

Hongu, hongu, ndizvo. Mune firimu "9th company" iyo hondo yepamusoro ye 3234, vanhu vakashaya, kuti vaise zvinyoro, havakwanisi kuvimbika. Zvisinei, hatisi kutonga izvi zvakanyanya. Ichi ichiri firimu. Iyi firimu yakasiya munhu mumwe chete ari mupenyu. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu 6 bedzi vakaurayiwa, vanhu 28 vakakuvara, 9 avo vakanga vakaoma.

Vose veparatroopers yekambani yekutambisa 9 panguva yakakwirira ye 3234 vakagadzirwa nemaitiro ehondo - Mutemo we Red Red uye Red Banner of Battle. Mutungamiri wekuverenga kwepfuti huru yemashini, Junior Sergeant VA Aleksandrov uye akakodzera-uye-faira AA Melnikov akapiwa zita reHero yeSoviet Union (pashure pacho).

Vose Mujahideen, vachirwisa kukwirira kwe 3234, vakanga vakapfekedzwa maunifomu madema nemitsvuku yakatsvuku-tsvuku pamashizha avo - chiratidzo chakasiyana chechechi Black Stork. Maererano neikoropidhiya, pasi pezita iri raive kuvanda kudengenyeka kwePakistani kurwisa-saboteurs. Yakasimbiswa muna 1979 kuti inopesana nemauto eSoviet akaendeswa kuA Afghanistan. Panguva dzakasiyana yakatungamirirwa naAmir Khattab, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar uye Osama bin Laden. Nenzira, vekupedzisira vakapinda muhondo pakakwirira 3234 (chinyorwa chechiitiko - munyaya yacho) uye kunyange yakakuvadzwa.

Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, vanhu vakaita zviito zvakakomba kuna Allah vaivanza pasi pezita iri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuuraya, kuba, etc. Kudzikinura mhosva yavo mumatambudziko aya kwakabvumirwa chete neropa ravo. Munguva yehondo yeAghghan, veEurope vakaonekwa pakati pevatori vechikamu ichi. Kazhinji kazhinji vaifamba pa jeeps Isuzu, mushure mavo vakaisa mhando huru yemashonga.

Epilogue

Musi waFebruary 15, 1989, wekupedzisira Soviet musoja akasiya nzvimbo ye DRA. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuunza zororo kumunhu ane mwoyo murefu wevakidzani venyika. Pasinei nemabasa akawanda, hondo yehurumende ikoko haina kumbomira. Zvisinei, iyi ndeimwe nyaya.