Nhoroondo yePoland - zvidzidzo zvipi zvatisina kudzidza?

Iye zvino - mushure memazana mashoma emakore - uye mumakumi emakore anouya, zvisati zvamboitika zvekare zveRussia nePoland zvichanyanya kuchinja ukama hwedu. Nhoroondo yePoland yakanyatsogadziriswa nemakakatanwa echiPolish-Russian, hondo, zvinokonzera kusawirirana. Zvikamu zvitatu zvePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth yakava makore 123 euranda.
Uye nhoroondo yePoland yakabatana zvakasiyana-siyana nekumanikidzwa kwekusununguka.

Mushure mokuwa kweRussia -Russia kumuka muna 1862, imwezve nzira yeRussia yenyika dzePoland uye kubatana kwePolish Kingdom kwakauya. Masangano ePoland akarega kuvapo, achizviisa kune vechisimba St. Petersburg mutungamiri. Mutemo kubva muna 1865 semutauro wekutungamirira wakatanga kuiswa mumutauro weRussia, makore matatu gare gare yakasikwa bhajeti rakasiyana, hurumende yehurumende, uye nyika yakakamurwa kuva mapurisa gumi. Muna 1876, maererano neRussian model, masangano ekutonga akavakwazve, uye mushure memakore gumi Polish Bank yakabviswa. Russia yakazova mutauro unonyanya kushandiswa mumasangano nematare, uye vazhinji vakuru vakuru vakabva kuRussia. Nokudaro, nhoroondo yePoland uye panguva iyo yaiva nhoroondo yehutapwa uye kurwisana nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kuzviratidza.

Mushure mekufa kwegavhuna, Theodore (Fedor) Berg, umambo, iyo yakazozivikanwa se "Privislinsky Krai", yakatanga kutungamirirwa nevatongi-vakuru, avo vane kodzero dzakasiyana mumunda wekuchengeteka. Mukuwedzera, kuchinja kwakasununguka kwakaitwa muumambo hakuna kuendesa kuPoland, zvinhu zvose zvakachengetwa mumapurisa enyika, kuongorora, uye mutemo wehondo (kubvira muna 1861)
Yakanga ichiri kuchengetedzwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Chechi yeKaturike, iyo yakasimuka kune vevapanduki, yakatambudzwawo: vatemberi vakavharwa, avo vakange vapona, vakatora pfuma, mabhishopu aivimba nevashandi vekuSt. Petersburg (pasinei nekupikisa kwepapa) uye akararama pasi pekurambidzwa kwekukurukurirana neVatican.

Panyika dzePoland dzakabatanidzwa muImambo, mamiriro ePoles akanga akaipa. Chinonyanya kuoma kuvanhu vacho chaiva chisimba chechimiro chekusimudzira uye kubviswa kwehutano hwemadzinza. Poland sechikamu cheRussia chakasarudzwa se Kuzvidzivirira kweNyika - vazhinji vePoles vakadzingwa kumativi ekumabvazuva, vamwe pasi pekurema kwemitero yakakwirira vaisagona kuwana nyika, kusimbisa mabhizinesi. Zvinonzwisisika, izvi zvakaita kuti kusagutsikana kwepakati pevanhu, ivo vakazopedzisira vava kukurudzira. Kana kusati kwave kutonga kwaAlexandro II nhoroondo yePoland yakave nenguva yakaoma yekudzingwa kwePoland statehood, uye gare gare hurumende yakatarira nyaya dzetsika uye mutauro. Nenguva yakawanda, maitiro matsva emarudzi akaumbwa, zvichibva pamusana maRussia akatsigira Russia kufambira mberi. Panzvimbo dzakapfuura Buguru, vakatsvaga kubvisa chero zviratidzo zvePolish - zvose muchikoro uye muhutungamiri - saka zvakagadziriswa chiPolish kuitira kushandiswa kwevanhu vose. Izvi zvakanga zvisingaitiki munharaunda yeumambo, asi pano, zvakare, kukurudzirwa kwechiPolish tsika kwakanga kusingagumi uye chiRussia chaifarira chakapiwa.

Mumakore ekuma1960 ezana remakore rechi19, chiRussia chakava mutauro wekudzidzisa mune zvikoro zvekondari. Iko huru yechikoro muna 1869 yakashandurwa kuva yunivhesiti yamambo. Muna 1872, semugumisiro wekushandurwa kwehutungamiri wezvedzidzo, Dmitry Tolstoy akabvisa zvachose zvinyorwa zvechikoro chePoland.

Russia nePoland. Nhoroondo yenyika idzi yakagara iri mukukakavara. Yaiva neRussia iyo Poland yakaita hondo ye1920. MuPoland, inotendwa kuti chikamu chinotevera - basa redzimhosva - rakauya muna 1939, apo mauto eSoviet akapinda muPoland musi waSeptember 17 (yeuka kuti musi waSeptember 1, mauto aHitler akagara munyika). Zvisinei, nhoroondo yePoland ichiri kuyeuka nzvimbo dzinorwadza. Uye kunyange isu tisingakwanisi kukurukurirana pachena uye nokutendeseka zvose zvakaoma zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, hazvigoneki kuti hurukuro yechokwadi ichaita. Mushure mezvose, kurwisana neRussia - kutanga kubva muzana remakore rechi19, zvino kutonga kweRussia yose muSoviet era - ichiri kurarama muPoles. Uye kunyange mumakore achangopfuura kwave kune tsika yekubatana, zvisinei, kusvikira ushamwari hwechokwadi huchiri kure.