Immunogramma - chii ichocho? Chii chinoratidza kuti zvinodhura zvakadini uye kupi iyo immunogram inopihwa?

Kazhinji vanachiremba vanopa chidzidzo kuvarwere vanonzi immunogram. Chii ichi kuongorora? Zvinokwanisika sei kuongorora kushanda kwechirongwa nemubatsiro? Shanduro inoitwa sei? Chii chiri chiratidzo chekudzidza uku? Iyi mibvunzo inofadza kuvarwere vazhinji avo vakatanga kutarisana nesarudzo yakadaro yezvokurapa.

Immunogramma - chii ichocho?

Muviri wevanhu unogara uchitaridzirwa kune zvakatipoteredza uye unosangana nezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu, kusanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvirwere. Uye basa rekudzivirira zvachose rinorara pamunhu wesimba rekudzivirira .

Immunogram inyaya yakaoma, iyo, chaizvoizvo, inobatsira kuongorora basa uye mamiriro ezvirwere zvemuviri. Panguva yekuongorora, nyanzvi inokwanisa kukwanisa kuverenga nhamba yemasero eropa, kuverenga kuenzanisa kwayo, uye kuongorora basa rinoitwa zvemarudzi ose ezvidziviriro. Kuedza kwakadaro kunoita kuti zvikwanise kugona kuwanda kwematambudziko akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira immunodeficiency and allergen reaction.

Chiratidzo chekudzidza

Zvechokwadi, kune zvimwe zvirwere umo immunogram inongodiwa chete. Ndezvipi kukanganisa? Chokutanga pane zvose, zvidzidzo zvakafanana Izvo zvinoitwa kana murwere aine ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwemuviri, akawana nzira ye chemotherapy, kana kwenguva yakareba akatora zviratidzo zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri.

Mukuwedzera, zviratidzo zvekuedzwa ndezvokutanga uye zvechipiri zvekudzivirira muviri, pamwe nekufungidzirwa kwehutachiona hweHIV. Kuongororwa kunoitwa kune vanorwara vanotambura kubva kazhinji kuputika kwemapapu, zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinoputira, zvirwere zvepungal kwenguva yakareba, pustular skin lesions. Mukuwedzera, kusava nechokwadi kwekenza kana zvirwere zvemotokari zvinoratidzawo.

Izvo zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvevana zvinogona kuratidzira kuvapo kwehutachiona hwehutano kana humwe hutachiona hwekudzivirira kwezvirwere zvemuviri. Chiyero chinoitwa kana muviri uine hutachiona hwepasasites (kusanganisira minye) kana nehutachiona hwehutachiona.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuongororwa kwakafanana kunodawo kuvakadzi vane pamuviri. Chokutanga pane zvose, kuongororwa kwebasa rekuzvidzivirira kunoitwa kana amai vane utachiona hweHIV. Mukuwedzera, chiratidzo chacho chinogona kunge chichivhiringidzika zvachose chekubatana kwemaviri kwezvisikwa zvemukadzi uye fetus. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, panguva yepamuviri, pane Rhesus-mhirizhonga (kana amai vari Rh-negative, uye mwana ane chakanaka). Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kujekesa kweropa kunokosha zvakare.

Uyewo, zvidzidzo zvinowanzoitwa nekudzoka kwehepese simplex uye chirwere che cytomegalovirus. Zvinotenderwa kana pane kana kuti unofungidzirwa autoimmune disorder. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviratidzo zvekufambisa zvakanyanya kushungurudzika kana kushungurudzika mupfungwa panguva yekuzvitakura.

Shanduro inoitwa sei?

Kudzidza uye kuongorora basa rezvirwere zvemuviri, ropa romurwere rinoshandiswa. Pakarepo zvinokosha kuziva kuti kuongorora uku hakudi kuti zvigadziriswe zvakakosha. Ropa sampuli rinoitwa mangwanani, uye murwere haakwanisi kudya mangwanani-ngwanani isati yasvika - unogona kunwa kirasi yemvura (kwete-carbonated).

Nekutsvakurudza ngatitore se capillary (nokuda kweizvi ita zvishoma pamucheto wemunwe), uye ropa rinopa ropa, zvichienderana nechinangwa chekuongorora uye zvikamu zvekliniki. Chero zviitiko zvose, ropa rinoparadzaniswa uye rinoiswa pakarepo muviri miviri yekutapira. Mukutanga, pasi pesimba rekunze, rinotanga kupera. A thrombus, iyo inonzi erythrocyte clot, inobudiswa uye inoongororwa nokuda kwekugadzira plasma. Mune yechipiri test tube, ropa rinosanganiswa neanticoagulants - rinochengeterwa pano mune chimiro chemvura chaiwo.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, saliva, kunyora kana maronda emusana, kusvina kubva kumasopharynx, nezvimwe, zvinotorwa kuti zviongororwe.

Contraindications kuongorora

Pane mamiriro emuviri, umo kuongororwa kwakafanana neye immunogram kunopesana. Izvi zvinorevei? Pakutanga, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ropa sampling haisi kuitwa panguva yekuenda kumadzimai.

Mukuwedzera, zvinopesana nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira, uyewo zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinoputira pachikwata chekuwedzera. Nezvinetso zvakadaro, basa rekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvemuviri rinoshanduka, uye, maererano naizvozvo, chidzidzo chacho hachibviri kudzidzisa. Chii chaunofanira kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro? Enda kuburikidza nehupenyu hwose hwekurapa uye omirira kugadzirisa zvakakwana.

Chii chavanotarisa panguva yekuongorora kwebhishopi?

Zvinonzwisisika, varwere vakawanda vanofarira mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti rudzi rwekutsvakurudza runosanganiswa nei immunogram, sezvinoratidzwa nekuongorora uku. Ichokwadi, nyanzvi dzinoteerera zvikuru kunyanya pfungwa huru nhatu:

• Shanduro yemasero epachiviri.
• Phagocytic basa re neutrophils.
• Nhamba ye immunoglobulin muropa serum.

Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi zvekudzidza zvakakosha zvikuru, sezvo zvichibatsira kuongorora basa rekusiyana kwezvidzivirira zvekuzvidzivirira.

Shanduro yemasero epachiviri

Kuti uongorore basa rehutachiona hwemagadzirirwo emasero, zvakakosha kuziva nhamba yeT and B lymphocytes. Yokutanga inodzivirira mhuka kubva kune mamwe mabhakitiriya, zvipembenene zvehutachiona uye hutachiona hutachiona. Uye ndeye tsika yekupa T-vabatsiri, izvo zvinogadzira zvirwere, pamwe neT-suppressors, izvo zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwavo. Ndiyo nhamba uye chiyero chemasero aya anoratidza majekiti. Chimiro chiyero pakati peT-vabatsiri uye T-suppressors ya 1.5-2.0. Nhamba yose yeT-lymphocytes haifaniri kudarika 50-70% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemagetsi.

B-lymphocytes inopa kubatanidza kwema immunoglobulins mushure mekunge sero inosangana nemumwe mutorwa. Kazhinji nhamba yavo haifaniri kudarika 6-20%.

Kuongororwa kwebasa uye nhamba ye immunoglobulins

Kuti zviongorore kushanda kwemuviri wezvirwere zvemuviri, huwandu hwomumwe nomumwe immunoglobulin hunotarirwawo mu laboratori. Chokutanga pane zvose, kutarisa kunowanikwa kune zvinotevera:

• Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Inotapira mavharusi uye mabhakitiriya akabudiswa chepfu, uye anewo chekuchengetedza mucous membrane. Kazhinji, huwandu hwayo hunodonha pakati pe 0.5 ne 2.0.
• Immunoglobulin M is antibody inoberekwa ne fetus. Aya ndiwo ma antibodies epakutanga anochengetedza muviri wemwana weramangwana kubva kumabhakitiriya uye gir-negative bacteria. Kuwedzera kwenhamba yavo kunoratidza kuvapo kwekurwadziwa kwakanyanya. Nenzira, maitiro avo akaenzana ndea 0.5-2.5.
• Immunoglobulin G inononoka fetal antibodies iyo inobatsira phagocytosis, inoderedza chepfu uye inogona kupinda muparcenta. Chimiro chiri 5,0-14,0.
• Immunoglobulins yekirasi E inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwehutano hwemagetsi uye kudzivirira muviri kubva pamaronda. Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwavo (kazhinji hausi kudarika zana IU / ml) kunogona kuratidza zvose kukundwa kwemuviri nehonye, uye kurwisa.

Kuongorora kwepakugocytic basa reeutrophils

Zvechokwadi, zvinokosha kwete kungoona nhamba yeeukocyte, asiwo kuongorora basa ravo phagocytic, nokudaro vachiziva chiyero chekushanda kwavo. Kuti uite izvi, mu laboratori, inotarirwa kuti nokukurumidza uye zvakanakisisa sei masero eropa achibata uye anocheka izvo zvinonzi "test particles" - ma microparticles anowanika (somuenzaniso, latex), uyewo masero emabhakitiriya akaurayiwa (kakawanda kazhinji staphylococci anoshandiswa nokuda kwechinangwa).

Nenzira, pane dzimwe nguva zvinokosha zvakadai sa phagocytic basa (nhamba yepa phagocytes muzana yezvose neutrophils inotarwa), uyewo nhamba yepa phagocytic (inowanikwa nhamba ye latex particles inogona kutora neutrophil inoshanda) dzimwe nguva inotsanangurwa panguva yekuedzwa.

Chero zvazvingava, zvakakosha kuenda kuna chiremba nemigumisiro yekutsvakurudza, nokuti mamwe maedzo anogona kudiwa kuti agadzirise kunyatsoongorora.

Mashoko anobatsira

Ichokwadi, vanhu vazhinji vanorayirwa navanachiremba zvekudzidza kwakadaro vanotarisana nemubvunzo wekupi kwavanoita majekiti. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muzvinyorwa zvepolyclinic tsvakurudzo yakadaro haifaniri kuitwa, saka zviri nani kutsvaga zvipatara zvikuru kana ma laboratori ega. Mune zviitiko zvakanyanya, iwe unogona kubvunza mubvunzo uyu kubva kunechiremba anoenda - anonyatsopa ruzivo rwakakodzera.

Ingani ine immunogram inodhura? Iyi imwe nguva inonakidza yevarwere. Zvechokwadi, mari yekudzidza ingave yakasiyana, nokuti inowirirana nemutengo wekutengesa wekliniki yako yakasarudzwa, uye pamusoro pehuwandu hwekutsvakurudza (dzimwe nguva zvinokosha kuti uwane humwe zviratidzo zvechiremba kuti abudise zvakajeka kuongorora). Pakati payo, mutengo wekudzidza unowanikwa kubva pa1 000 kusvika ku9 000 rubles.