Urongwa hwehutano hwemadzimai: hutachiona, muviri

Munyika dzose tsika dzese basa rekuberekwa, kuenderera mberi kwemajini, kunofananidzwa seimwe yenheyo. Mhando yehutano neyemadzimai ine sarudzo yakasiyana, asi inoita basa rimwechete: kuumba zvepabonde-gametes, pakusanganiswa kwaro, panguva yekudyarwa, mhuka yevanhu yemberi ichasvika. Ichi chinyorwa chinozvipira pakudzidza kwekugadzirisa uye basa rekuberekwa kwevakadzi.

Zvose zvinowanzoita nhengo dzekubereka dzevakadzi

Nzira yekuberekwa kwevakadzi inosanganisira nhengo dzomukati dzomukati uye dzomukati, dzinonziwo kubereka (kubereka).

Nhengo dzomukati dzomukati, dzinonzi vulva, dzinoratidzwa zvakajeka: ma pubis, makuru uye maduku mashoma, clitoris uye vagina kupinda, yakavharwa nefu rinotumidzwa rinonzi mhandara. Tichadzidza nhengo dzekunze dzekuberekwa kwevakadzi muchidimbu.

Chimiro che pubis

Dumbu rezasi pamucheto we pubic (pubic bone) rinoumba pubis. Pfupa pachayo, ine nzvimbo yakarurama yakananga, yakanamatira pamusuo wemukadzi uye ine chitarisiko chemukati. Kunze pubis inogadziriswa muchimiro, ichiumba hukuru. Pasi peganda rake hutanda hwemafuta hunoumbwa. Kune kunze kwayo paunenge uchiri kuyaruka ruvhudzi rutsvuku runoumbwa. Iine muganhu wakajeka wakajeka wakakwana. Kana muviri unobereka huwandu hwakawandisa hwe androgens - humoni dzomukomana, bvudzi rinokura uye rinomuka pane imwe nzvimbo yakajeka kusvika kumatare. Ihwo hutachiona hwekuvhara bvudzi bvudzi chiratidzo chekukurudzira zvepabonde.

Makuru uye maduku

Kubva pamapisisiti kusvika kune anus mapundu maviri eganda-guru rakasvibirira, rine bvudzi rekunze nekunze kwemafuta mashoma. Mumuviri wavo unobatana pane mitsetse yeGlandolin gland. Inovhara mvura inonwisa hutachiona hwevakadzi. Mukupandukira utsanana, hutachiona hunokuvadza hunopinda mukati meglandu hunoita kuti hurumidze huve muhutu hwezvisimbiso zvinorwadza.

Pasi pedenga guru mairai minora, zvakanyanya kuonda nemidziyo yeropa uye nerve. Munzvimbo yavo yepamusoro inhengo, inobvumirana nemurume penis - clitoris. Kukura kwake kunovhiringidza mahomoni ehurumende yekuberekwa kwevakadzi - estrogens. I-clitoris ine nhamba yakawanda yemitsipa nemidziyo yeropa, izvo zvinoreva kuti ine hukuru hwekunzwa. Kana uwandu hwekliniki huwedzerwa zvikuru mumusikana kana mukadzi, izvi zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chakajeka chehutachiona hwehutano.

Kupinda mumukadzi

Kusvikira kuvhara, kuwedzera kune pubis, yakakura uye iduku duku, clitoris inoreva kusuo kweropa. Pakutari kwemasendimita maviri kubva kune iyo inonzi hymen. Inoumbwa nehutachiona hunobatanidza uye ine mazamu anoverengeka ayo ropa rinopera panguva yekuenda kumwedzi.

Nhengo dzomukati dzekuberekwa dzomukadzi

Izvi zvinosanganisira vagina (vagina), chibereko, mavhai uye uterine (fallopian) tubes. Zvose zvavo zviri mujinga rediki duku. Basa ravo rinosanganisira mukutsvaga uye kubvumirwa kwevakadzi vanobatana pabonde-gete-mazai muuterine cavity. Mariri, kubva ku zygote, embryo ichakura.

Chimiro chemukadzi

Ihwo hutachiona huputi hwehutachiona hunosanganisira musimba uye hutachiona hunobata. Inowanikwa kubva kumudzimai inopararira kumuchembera uye ine urefu hwe 8 kusvika kune 10 cm. Yakatarirwa mumucheto maduku, vagina inopinda mumuviri wechibereko. Iine masvingo emashure nemashure, pamwe chete nechivako - chikamu chepamusoro chebadzimai. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yepabhedhinari yakadzika yakadzika kupfuura yekare.

Mukadzi wacho ari panzvimbo yekona yemakiromita 90 kusvika kumusoro kwechibereko chairo. Nokudaro, nhengo dzomukati dzomukati dzomukati, iyo iyo yevakadzi, inobatwa zvakasimba nemidziyo yehutachiona uye yehuni, pamwe chete neyemagetsi. Mukadzi wacho akaparadzaniswa nechepamusoro inoshandiswa mumasvingo kubva pachiganda. Inonzi vesicovaginal septum. Chikamu chezasi chemadziro echikadzi shure chinoparadzaniswa kubva kumucheto wezasi wemukumbo mukuru nehutachiona hwemuviri.

Chibvumirano: chimiro uye basa

Mukadzi wacho anopinda mumugwagwa, unonzi chironga chechibereki, uye chikwata chacho pachacho chinonzi pharynx chekunze. Chimiro chayo chakasiyana nevakadzi vanozvara uye nulliparous: kana yev ishoko-oval, chibereko hachina kutakura chibereko, uye rudzi rwechigumbuso hunhu kune avo vanozvara. Chiberekero pachayo ndechekusava nechirwere chechimiro chemuviri chinosanganisira muviri uye mutsipa uye uri mune duku duku. Tichifunga nezvehutano hwemadzimai ehutano hwepabonde uye basa rahwo, zvinova pachena kuti ndiyo inokonzerwa nokuumbwa uye kukura kwemucheto, pamwe chete nekutora chibereko chemucheche semugumisiro webasa. Ngatidzokere kune chimiro chemukati wayo - mutsipa. Inobatanidzwa kune chikamu chepamusoro chechikadzi uye ine chimiro chekoni (mu nulliparous) kana cylinder. Madzimai emukatiro ane urefu hwemasentimita matatu, uye inotaridzika kugoverwa kuva mberi uye kumashure miromo. Muchibereko chemuviri uye pharynx inoshandurwa nezera remukadzi.

Muchikamu chemuviri wemukati ndeyomugodhi wemugero wemvura, unoguma nekati mukati mehuro. Iyo yakasungirirwa nemasikirwo akavharidzirwa achivharidzira kukanganisa. Kana pane kutyora kwekugoverwa kwayo, kudzivirirwa uye krisstro inogona kuitika. Slime ine bactericidal properties uye inodzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiona. Mazuva mana kusvika kumasere mazai asati asiya mavhiri, musvina hauna kunyanya kumira, saka spermatozoa inogona kupinda mukati maro mukati mechiberekero, uye kubva ipapo kusvika kune fallopian tubes.

Mushure memhevulation, chakavanzika chechibereki chinowedzera kukosha kwayo, uye pH yacho inoderera kubva pakusarerekera kuenda kune yakaoma. Chibereko chepamuviri chakavharwa zvachose nevhara yekervical mucus mumutsipa. Munguva yekuenda kumwedzi, chirwere chemuviri chinotanga zvishoma, kuitira kuti nzvimbo yakasara ye endometrium inogona kubva. Izvi zvingave zvichienderana nekurwadziwa kunorwadza mumimba pasi. Munguva yebasa, chirwere chemuviri chinogona kuzaruka kusvika masendimita gumi paupamhi. Izvi zvinobatsira pakuzvarwa kwomwana.

Pakati pezvirwere zvakajairika zvechirwere zvinogona kunzi kukonzera kwaro. Inoratidzika semugumisiro wekukuvadza kune mucous yakagadzirwa nehutachiona kana kukuvadzwa (kubvisa pamuviri kwakaoma nekuzvarwa). Nokufamba kwenguva, kudengenyeka kusingazivikanwi uye kusatendeuka kunogona kukonzera kuvhiringidza zvirwere uye kunyange zvirwere zvehutachiona.

Fallopian tubes

Fallopian tubes, inonzi oviducts kana fallopian tubes, iine 2 elastic tubes iri mudumbu remuviri uye inopinda muzasi kwechibereko. Nharaunda isina rusununguko ye oviduct ine fimbriae. Kushungurudza kwavo kunovimbisa kufambira mberi kweivule iyo yakabuda kubva muchirungu ichienda kune lumen ye tube pachake. Kureba kweumwe neumwe oviduct kunobva pamasendimita 10 kusvika ku12. Yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu: mhete inowedzera uye yakagadzirirwa nechipiri, inonzi ampoule, isthmus, chikamu chengano inopinda mudanda re uterine. Nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kwepachiviriro, chirwere chakadai sekuzadza zvakakwana kwehuviducts zvakakosha, zvisinei kuti mukadzi anotarisira kuberekwa. Chirwere chinowanzozivikanwa chemafuropian tubes, zvakadai sekubatanidza, salpingitis uye hydrosalpinx.

Zvirwere izvi zvose zvinoita kuti tubal isabatsire. Izvo zvinetso zve chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, zvichikonzera kuderera kwemwenje ye fallopian tubes. Kuramba nekubvisa pamuviri kunogona kukanganisa kuonekwa kwekubatanidza kuri kune iyo tube. Hormonal disorders inokonzera kuderera pakufamba kwe ciliary epithelium kuisa oviducts, iyo inokonzera kuora mwoyo kwemotokari yemuOocyte.

Dambudziko rakaipisisa rinokonzerwa ne tubal pathologies is ectopic pregnancy. Muchiitiko ichi, zygote inomira mu oviduct, kwete kusvika pachibereko. Inotanga kukura uye kukura, kutambanudza rusvingo rwepombi, iyo, shure kwezvose, inoputika. Somugumisiro, kune simba rakasimba rekubuda ropa rinopisa upenyu.

Ovari muvakadzi

Izvo zvipfeko zvepabonde uye vane masendimita 6-8. Mazai mazai ndiwo mafungiro emhepo yakasanganiswa. Kuitwa kwehomoni dzepabonde - estrogen, inodzorwa nepituitary uye hypothalamus - inonzi intrasecretory basa. Sezvakaita gland zvekunze kwekunze, dzinoumba masero epabonde - gametes, anonzi ovules. Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye nzira yekuita yeestrogen ichadzidziswa nesu gare gare. Ngatidzokere kune chimiro chevakadzi gonads - mavha mavari. Iko kunofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti sarudzo yegadziriro yepabonde yemukadzi (pamwe chete nemurume) inobatanidzwa zvakananga neurinary system.

Inobva ku mesonephros (inyanzvi yeputsvo) iyo stroma ye gonads yevakadzi inokura. Mhedziso yeoocytes, oogonia, inoumbwa kubva ku mesenchyme. Ovary ine chivako chemuviri, uye pasi payo mune zvidimbu zviviri: cortical uye cerebral. Nzira yekutanga inosanganisira follicles, iyo, yakabereka, inogadzira maoocyte ekutanga uye yechipiri, uye ipapo mavhumu akakura. Uropi hutachiona hweglandu hunoshandiswa nehutano hunogadzirisa uye hunobatsira uye hunoita basa. Icho chiri mumapapiro omukati kune oogenesis - nzira yekuberekazve, kukura nekutsvaga kwevakadzikadzi zvegadetes - oocytes.

Kunyatsozivikanwa kwehutachiona hwemadzimai

Chimiro chekuberekwa kwevakadzi nevarume vanhu kunotungamirirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda-mahomoni. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwepabonde: mazamu ari varume uye mavhai muvakadzi. Paanopinda muropa, zvinokanganisa zvose zvirikudziridza nhengo dzekubereka nekuumbwa kwechipiri chepabonde maitiro: bvudzi remuviri, kukura kwezvinyorwa zvemamota, kukwirira uye kumira kwezwi. Kubudirira kwehutano hwemadzimai hunowanikwa pasi pesimba re isradiol uye zvigadzirwa zvaro: estriol uye estrone. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemasero anokosha e ovary - follicles. Mahomoni emadzimai - estrogens anotungamirira kuwedzerwa muhukuru uye ukuru hwechibereko, uyewo kumusanganiswa kwemisimba ye fallopian tubes uye chiberekero pachako, kureva kuti, nhengo yebonde yakagadzirirwa zygote.

Mucheka wechirumbu unobereka progesterone - hormone inokurudzira kufambira mberi kwenzvimbo yemwana - placenta, uyewo kuwedzerwa mune epithelium yeglandular yemakumbo emakumbo panguva yekuzvitakura. Kurwisana kwehutoni hwemuviri wevakadzi kunotungamirira kune zvirwere zvakadai seUterine myoma, endometriosis, polycystosis.

Anatomical zvikamu zvechizvaro chechikadzi

Nzira yepabonde yemuviri wevakadzi inogadziriswa muviri wakasiyana uye mabasa. Inowanikwa mumakona emakona maduku pakati pemukaka uye rectum uye ine chando. Muviri uyu unonzi chibereko. Kuti tinzwisise nzira yekugadzira, tinoyeuka kuti mazita edzimai - mazai emadzimai anowirirana ne fallopian tubes. Ivha, inopinda mu oviduct, inobva yapinda muchibereko, iyo inoshanda sechirongwa chinotarisira kuberekwa kwemucheche (embryogenesis). Inosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: mutsipa, wakadzidzwa kare, uyewo muviri uye pasi. Muviri wechipupurika unoratidzika se pear inoderedzwa, mune chikamu chakawedzerwa pane mairi maviri mawere.

Nhengo yechipfuva yakafukidzirwa nehutachiona hunobatana uye ine zvidimbu zviviri: musumbu (myometrium) uye mucous (endometrium). Iyo yekupedzisira yakagadzirwa kubva mumasero epacific uye eplinyric epithelium. Iyo endometrium inoshandura kuwanda kwehupamhi hwayo: inotapira neovulation, uye kana kudyara kusingaiti - ichi chando chinobviswa kubva pamadziro echibereko pamwe neropa - kumwedzi kunoitika. Panguva yekuzvitakura, ivhu uye ukuru hwechibereko zvinowedzera (zvinenge 8-10 dzimwe nguva). Muchikamu chebato ruduku chibereko chinomiswa pamitambo mitatu uye yakasungirirwa nehuwandu hwemitsipa nemitsipa yeropa. Basa rayo guru ndiro kukura uye kudya kunovaka muviri kwembryo uye fetus kusvikira panguva yekuzvarwa kwepanyama.

Pathologies yechibereko

Chimiro chekuberekwa kwemukadzi mumwe chete hachigoni kuva yakanaka uye kushanda zvakanaka. Chimwe chezvirwere zvehutano hunobatanidzwa nehutano hwechirwere chepabonde chinogona kuva bicornic chiberekero. Iine miviri miviri, imwe neimwe iyo inobatanidza imwe oviduct. Kana hutachiona hwehutano hwemadzimai hunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwe endometrium, vanotaura nezve hypoplasia uye aplasia yechibereko. Mhedzisiro yezvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa kubvisa pamuviri kana kuberekwa.

Muchikamu chino, maitiro ehutachiona uye ehupenyu hwehutano hwekuberekwa akadzidzwa.