Java: nguva dzose mashoko, anokosha vanotaurwa

Nhasi, zvirongwa Java, Ungangove, hakuna asina kushamiswa. Progress munzvimbo iyi kwazvo kuti panguva chokwadi yedu waidai makore avanoziva 50-60 kare munyaya iyi kubva firimu la "Back to Ramangwana."

Kwakatangira mutauro Java

Java - chinhu vaifarira zvirongwa mutauro, izvo pakutanga akanga yakataurwa Sun Microsystems, uye zvakazova rutsigiro uye kukura kuitwa Oracle.

Chisingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa mutauro kukura kana chokupika software papuratifomu kwezvakatipoteredza. By zvapedzisira rinofanira kunzwisiswa yakatarwa imwe muzvizhinji dzakasiyana zvinoriumba iyo pamwe chete anopa munhu aurayiwe Java-remitemo iri siyana Hardware runyararo. Zvirongwa akanyorwa Java anoshandurwa kuva pamanyorerwo chaiyo inonzi bytecode, iyo gare gare akanga aita pachishandiswa rakapotsa muchina (JVM) - chikamu usashandisa papuratifomu.

Installation uye Kutanga

Kuti abudirire kumhanya mafomu yakatanga mumutauro uyu, unofanira hwokugadza rinokosha pasuru kubva Java-zvinoriumba, iyo inowanikwa iri Oracle paIndaneti. The kambani inopa nokugoverwa siyana, izvo zvisingapindirani kubaya pachikuva, uyewo siyana kusarudza. Paavhareji mushandisi haadi kushandisa Java shanduro yakasiyana wokupedzisira, kupfuura achangopfuura. Zvine musoro kuti Developers vanoda chaizvo nzira chaiyo zvinhu uye zvinogonekwa.

Kuisa Java pakombiyuta yako, inodzidzisa anofanira kutanga nechokwadi chokuti zvechadenga midziyo asangana shoma hurongwa zvinodiwa. Oracle mainjiniya zvakashanda nesimba kuti kuderedza chikumbaridzo hurongwa zvinodiwa, asi richirimo, uye inofanira kukurukurwa. The mushandisi vanofanira kuwana nzvimbo anofanira kuparadzira inobva uchishandisa hurongwa, izvo anoda kuisa software. Nokuti Somuenzaniso, Java nokuti Windows 7 It chinhu executable .exe-faira, izvo zvinoda chete kutaridzwa chokugadza Directory, uye ipapo achaita zvose pachake. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti hurongwa anogona kuiswa panguva imwechete kopi imwe chete usashandisa deko. Saka, asati kugadzwa kudiwa nechokwadi chokuti yapfuura shanduro Java vakabviswa hurongwa. Kana mukasadaro, kuti installer muchakumbira kubvisa dzinopesana chirongwa usati mberi installation.

Tanga kukura Java

Mushure mushandisi yakabudirira yakaiswa software kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichaita zviwanikwe zvakasiyana-siyana achishandisa kuti aurayiwe mapurogiramu kare zvakanyorwa, uye pakusika kwavo. Kuti kutanga zvirongwa kubudikidza Java, haudi okuwedzera chero zvirongwa. Tinofanira chete kuda kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva uye kunzwisisa mutauro mapurani. Kana mushandisi akakwanisa zvinobudirira kuisa Java, uye muitiro havana kurwisana nevamwe zvirongwa, unogona kutanga kunyora bumbiro chero chinyorwa mupepeti.

Pangataura akaita nechokwadi kugovera kunonyanyisa akagadzirwa maturusi kuti Developers. In Java, kuti pasuru rinosanganisira compiler (Javac utility), iyo, achitora sezvo nharo nzira ipi chinyorwa faira, vatendeuki ndokuita bytecode rakapotsa muchina zvinonzwisisika.

The mushandisi achiri havagoni kumhanya application uye kuona zvaiitika basa ravo. Hwokugadza Java fomu Windows 7, zvakakodzera "rongedza" iri muchirongo-arşive.

Upfu nemanyorerwo rinobva rutapudzo pakati Java Archive, uye mhando chaiye yaizivikanwa zvose ZIP-faira, mamwe unotora rondedzero nemakirasi uye dependencies uye pfungwa kundopinda pfungwa (class mukuru) ari kushanda. Kuumba .jar-faira zvakafanana zita aishandiswa utility, rinova mune mureza pasuru kubva Oracle. Yaro vakabudirira Implementation, inodzidzisa anogona kumhanya kushanda akasika kana Java murayiro kubva murayiro mutsetse kana kunyaradza, kana kungoti kaviri-nekudzvanya.

The chikuru zvinoumba mutauro Java

Kuti abudirire kuva kushanda mumutauro Java, kudzidza inoda kutange chaizvo zvinokosha. Asava mutendi mutsva programmers dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kunzwisisa rokuti mutauro "chinhu-zvinangwa". Vanhu vazhinji zvakakanganisika vanodavira kuti inoreva kuti vose masangano anogona kushanda mumutauro zvinonamatwa. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi. Mumutauro Java, kunze zvivako panewo iine chinyakare marudzi. Izvi integer date mhando (byte, pfupi, Int, refu ), izvo integers yakasiyana shoko urefu, fractional mashoko mhando (ichiyangarara, kaviri), uyewo mitsetse uye unhu mhando (String uye kwaIsakari) azvaitwa.

Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo pane zvinonzi makirasi - wrappers, izvo akashandisa kusika Munongedzo chinhu zvimwe mhando. Izvi ndezvechokwadi nokuti mifananidzo zvose chinyakare kunze tambo Data.

Zviri Implementation of tambo kirasi Java

Java-mutsetse - iri boka rinokosha. Inogona semhosva ive zvisingashanduki chinhu. Kana iwe pasi kushanda ndangariro somurwi (murwi), iyo ine zvemasanga tambo, ipapo kuvhiyiwa nomumwe pamusoro payo (kusarudzwa kubva substring, concatenation, unhu kuzvitsinhanisa, uye zvichingodaro. D.) achasika chiitiko chitsva pokutangira mutsetse, izvo zvichaita zvichisiyana yepakutanga mugumisiro hwokushanda.

Naizvozvo, tambo iri nguva dzose zvakakodzera kushanda nokungwarira zvikuru, pasinei nokuti marara muunganidzwa vanoyeukwa anomhanya kwazvo, kuti programmer kungwarira chaizvo kudzivirira ndangariro nokupararira zvisingakoshi panotaurwa kuti tambo. Sezvineiwo, nokuti ichi pane zvakawanda mubatsiri makirasi. Somuenzaniso, kushandisa StringBuilder uye StringBuffer, hunoita chokushandisa hungiso, asi regai kusika pashure mumwe Somuenzaniso itsva.

The mutauro Java - dzose mashoko. Pakuonekwa kwawo uye chinangwa

Kugara mashoko akazviratidza mukupera maviri remakore uye revolutionized mabikirwo zvemagetsi chinyorwa kugadzira.

Kare, kutsvaka zvikamu zvakananga mundima kana substring aiva dambudziko zvakajairika, izvo zvaida kushanda uye nguva Implementation. Programmers vaifanira kuongorora zvinenge zvose nzvimbo chaiyo chienderane ari kutaurwa kutsvaka parameter kana enzanisa pamwe yakawanda ezvinhu. Zvisinei, nokuuya kwakaita nguva mashoko vane mukana kushandisa Meta vatambi, naro zvakava iripo kutsanangura muenzaniso nawo zvaifanira kutsvakwa. In Java dzose mashoko akaonekwa shanduro 5, uye kubva kuva chinhu chinokosha chokufunga usashandisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kushanda nguva mashoko ari Java

In Java, makirasi zvose, imwe nzira kana imwe anoshandiswa uchishanda dzose mashoko, ari oga pasuru inonzi java.util.regex. In Java nguva mashoko anorondedzera Muenzaniso kirasi, iro rinoshandurudzwa kuna Chirungu zvinoreva "muenzaniso". kirasi iyi anogamuchira tambo nharo kuti constructor, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pave template. Kana uchida muirondedzere, pachinzvimbo tsamba nani kushandiswa wildcards nyore.

Kuti zvakanaka kutaridzwa kutsvaka parameters, zviri nani kuverenga pamutemo mapepa kubva Oracle, sezvo vakawanda Meta vatambi vanogona hakurevi chii vanhuwo User kana ruzivo programmer angafunga. Somuenzaniso, chiratidzo "+" rinoratidza kuti muenzaniso vanowira mumwe kana kupfuura zviitiko Pakarepo yapfuura maatomu akafanana. Kana rakatangwa muna Java dzose okuti, inokosha vanotaurwa zvakafanana mune zvimwe mutauro zvirongwa. Naizvozvo, vaitamira kune imwe kuchikuva inofanira nyarara.

Possible mafomu ose dzose mashoko

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinobvira dzose mashoko zvakanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera kubata guru chaizvo yakawanda orugwaro. Somuenzaniso, vamwe kutsvaka kiyi, kana shoko anofambidzana vari kunyoresa proviso kuti nyaya umo kiyi zvichinzi haasi kukosha. Hand Sorting chorugwaro raizova zvikuru va neudhadha kuti pakugadzirisa dambudziko rakadai, uye pamwe Akavaka-muna Java dzose mashoko inogona kubudirira vaviri mitsetse remitemo.

Ndokusaka tiri kufunga kudzidza mutauro chero nzira haagoni kurasikirwa rinokosha akadai nguva mashoko. In Java, rinogona kushandiswa muminda siyana - kubva kutanga date kupinda muchimiro (e-mail kero, kadhi nhamba) kuongorora motokari uye User zvikumbiro.