Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US muna 1959. Historical mashoko

"Ini akakoka pachake!" - nemazita okuremekedza venhau kudaro American vaimudana wokutanga kushanya N. S. Hruscheva kuUnited States. Musi kunoshamisa yose unyanzvi, nekuti hapana kunyange aisagona kufungidzira zvino kuti chinhu chakadai chaizoitika. The United States neSoviet Union - nhamba imwe muvengi panguva, akagadzirira kuparadza mumwe zvenyukireya kwevashandi chero nguva. Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US (1959) zvishoma kunzi mune mutongo rimwe: mumwe-murume anoratidza, umo Khrushchev airidza basa guru pamberi American vateereri. We tsanangura munyaya mashoko sei izvi zvakaitika.

US uye Ukama Soviet pamusoro avaida kushanyirwa

Muverengi ano vangasambozvinzwisisa chii chaiva kushanya rokutanga Khrushchev kuUnited States. Year - 1959, nguva pfupi asati, panguva Twentieth Party Congress muna 1953, zvakaziviswa kuti pekusadziviririka hondo yenyika inotevera.

Muna 1956, Soviet Union rakazivisa mutsva dzidziso nemauto - vanobudisa kushandiswa enyukireya uye chombo nezvaanogona mukurwa.

Muna 1957, nyika yedu akamborara intercontinental ballistic chombo yokutanga yenyika. Chiitiko chete zvakaipisisa huru yose zvayo uye US zvikurukuru: America kurarama neimwe kondinendi, vari munharaunda yakakura vasave dzimwe nyika, hondo dzavo uye nezvikepe kuvadzivirira yakavimbika chero utsinye, kubva kwandakatanga Pearl Harbor, kuburikidza, mhedziso zvakaitwa, vanhuwo vokuAmerica pashure kukunda munyika hondo II vane chivimbo chokuti hapana munyika haachagoni pangozi kuchengeteka kwavo. Hungu, USSR uye United States vane zvombo zvenyukireya zvinogona kuparadza nyika, asi zviri muchimiro hombe mabhomba zvozomupinza mugumisiro kukundwa. mabhomba izvi zvichiri kudiwa kuti anunure ndege kusvika kumuganhu US uye Dump ikoko. Vakarongeka American mhepo kuzvidavirira hurongwa, riri wengarava nezvigadziko muUnited States yaiva zvombo, zvikepe, vatakuri ndege, murwi jets uye nezvimwe. Reset bhomba renyukireya nokuda vokuAmerica, hazvaigona. Ipapo ugouya zvose mumapepanhau mumapepanhau kuti USSR paiva chitundumuseremusere hombe, vaikwanisa pose munyika kurova pamwoyo New York, wakati asvika pane imwe haungambofari yakakwirira mhepo kuzvidavirira. Zvakaratidza kuti American kuzvidzivirira nhoo akasikwa kwemakore akawanda, uchaponesa muUnited States kubva yaiparadza. Capitalist nyika mukusanzwisisa ezvinhu mokutya kutya ngozi "anopenga Russian" - nemashoko aya isu akadana Western wokudhinda nguva.

Uye ichi ndicho chakaipa nguva yokuti nyika dzokuMadokero yakabudisa mushumo zvichaitika nokukurumidza kekutanga noushamwari pakati Khrushchev kuUnited States. Musi uyu aona sezvo zororo, akapa tariro mamiriyoni vokuAmerica kuti pamwe Russian uye kwete se "anopenga" pavakanga raimiririra pechaunga pamberi, uye haazoparadzi West rimwe renyukireya ranwa ballistic zvombo.

kukokwa

Khrushchev paakashanyira kusvika USA kwakaitika anoonga kukokwa US President Eisenhower. Last aiziva kuti mutungamiriri Soviet aifarira Western mutsika uye upfumi, sezvo kare vakacherechedza zvoupfumi pakaputsika pamwe US Soviet Union.

The demonization of Soviet Union, dzokuMadokero vezvenhau vakatora zvishoma pachine nguva. Khrushchev mumakore kwake kuedza pamwe capitalist nyika mangwanani, aida "pamwe murugare navo." Zvisinei, mukana pehondo yenyika itsva, munyori mukuru haisi warambidzwa, sezvo zvakanga kure benzi, uye kurangarira zvakanaka zvidzidzo kare, uyewo nokunyengera Western nezvibvumirano.

Chinangwa kukokwa

President Eisenhower aida kugadzirisa mamiriro Berlin, sezvo vatungamiri Soviet havachasungirwi kuenda kushivirira "basa mapazi" muguta. Kubva Soviet Zone yokuGermany ndakasika itsva Hurumende - the German Democratic Republic - rayo guru muBerlin. Tsungirira muguta rino, "pamberi capitalists" hutungamiri hwedu ndisingadi. Muchirimo uye kwezhizha 1959, taiita hurukuro Foreign Vashumiri kuGeneva, asi vakakundikana.

Personal kukokwa Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti United States of America akaunzwa kubva Deputy Vashumiri USSR sachigaro Frol Kozlov, uyo akaenda pakuvhurwa pashoo yeSoviet.

"Ndinobvuma, pakutanga handina kutenda. Ukama hwedu saka mokudambura kuti kukokwa kuti kushanya noushamwari musoro wehurumende yeSoviet uye First Munyori ari CPSU Central Committee zvisingadaviriki "-! Nikita Khrushchev akazoti.

The American wokudhinda zvakare kuzvitenda, asi nokukurumidza pakanga mashoko akaisa zvose panzvimbo yayo: President Eisenhower akarayira mushandi weDhipatimendi State (US Ushumiri Affairs Foreign) Robertu Merfi zvakaitika Kozlov kukokwa Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US. Chinodiwa kushanya aizova chii Soviet Union vatungamiriri vakabvumirana Geneva chibvumirano nezveramangwana mamiriro Berlin pamusoro mashoko American. Zvisinei, Murphy vakakanganwa kutaura pamusoro ichi, uye Khrushchev risingatarisirwi kunyange nokuda Eisenhower vakabvuma kukokwa.

Kana isu kushandura ichi kubva nedzenyu mutauro chaiko, zvino isu tiwane zvinotevera: kuAmerica vanofanira kuchengetedza nzvimbo yavo muBerlin, asi kuGeneva, vamiriri vedu vakaramba vaitaura zvavo zvose. Pashure paizvozvo, akaedza kuronga US mutungamiri Khrushchev, ostensibly kuita chiratidzo wedu Secretary General, kumukumbira kuti kushanya ushamwari. Pane zviri kuuya Cold War, kokero chakadaro chinofanira kurambwa, asi zvisinei vamwe zvinoyerera ikaitika. Zvisinei, Khrushchev ndiye nezvimwewo uye expressiveness zvose mumhuri mutemo uye vatorwa. Akabvuma kukokwa nemashoko okuti: "Zvakanaka, zvino pandichazofunga kugara ikoko vhiki kana maviri." Eisenhower akanga asina sarudzo, asi kubvumirana nazvo.

How kuitira kuchengeteka?

Khrushchev raiuya kushanya kuUnited States kwakaratidza kuti kuva nemusoro chaiyo mapurisa eSoviet chakavanzika. Vakakwanisa nechokwadi yakachengeteka pamusoro vakuru noushamwari nyika iri Union. Asi zvokuita munyika utsinye apo chero mukoto anogona kuva nzvimbo ine ngozi? Havana kuzviziva, nekuti pakange pasina akakodzera ruzivo.

Dzimwe nhengo nhume Soviet kubvunza vokuAmerica kuti ndokumisa trellis varwi American munzira Khrushchev kubva uto Banga iri yaakapiwa dzokugara.

Vamwe akaramba, nokuti ichi chiyero hakurevi vanyatsopedza kuedza, kana enyika dzokuMadokero vanosarudza kuuraya mutungamiri USSR. Pakupedzisira vakasarudza kuti zvakakosha kupa kudzivirirwa US njere masangano, uye kutenda yevimbiso kwavo kuchengeteka itsika.

How kuenda US?

Zvinonzi ikozvino dzichibhururuka kubva imwe nyika kune imwe anonzi zvaigara, uye makore makumi mashanu apfuura pakanga pasina ndege kwakadaro munyika yedu, iyo aizokwanisa kuita pasina refueling kutiza kubva US kusvika USSR. Uye zvakanga zvakakodzera mune chero kwaiva kuratidza West kuti nyika yedu ine noungwaru zvigadzirwa. Saka takasarudza kuti ndiwane TU-114 ndege - chete panguva muenzaniso anokwanisa kuita ndirovedze kutiza nyika yedu mu Washington. Dambudziko iri kuti muenzaniso uyu haisati vaedzwa, saka hapana aigona pave yakachengeteka okutanga vanhu ehurumende, kunze chete munhu - akagadzira Andrey Tupolev womuenzaniso. Iye akavimbisa rakavimbika ndege, uye sezvo uchapupu mashoko ake akataura kuti nhengo vashandi romwanakomana wake Alexei. Kusarudza akaitwa nyasha Tu-114.

Sei Khrushchev akabvuma parwendo?

Nokuti chero chikonzero, akatora Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US? Nei mutungamiriri Soviet vakabvumirana parwendo? Kutaura zvazviri, Khrushchev aiva nechivimbo muna zvakanakira ari mugovanisi maitiro uye vakatenda kuti munhau kukunda pamusoro capitalism chaizoitika. Nechekare dzidziso mamiriro yakazokudziridzwa, maererano iyo "kuchauya komiyunizimu muchizvarwa ichi." Zvakanyorwa pamusoro pedyo kusvika kwe "paradhiso" kunyange akaidzikisa panze pamatombo uye sezvivako. Asi sezvo nguva dzose, dzidziso iyi haana kuuya zvechokwadi, uye zvose mashoko kudzimwa zvakakurumidza eighties remakore rapfuura. Zvisinei, apo zvichigere kuzivikanwa, uye mutungamiriri Soviet vaida kuona "dzakaora West" nemaziso ake.

Secretary General sezvo musori?

Vamwe chiwanzo chokudavira kuti Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US aifanira "peep" nokuda kukwikwidzana hurongwa, sezvo intuitively zvakava pachena kuti West yemazuva ano mberi kwedu rinotanga. Eastern Europe aiziva izvozvo nechekare zana kubva muzana, uye muna 1956 kwakanga kwebope Hungary kuzorwa yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti. Vatsigiri "pfungwa plagiarism" sezvo nharo kuguma kuti Khrushchev haana kuteerera varipo kuvamba, raakanga akaratidza enyika dzokuMadokero, uye vakaedza "Peek" chinhu "chakavanzika" nokuti vaifunga kuti zvinhu kuratidzwa vokuAmerica havasi kufarira. Saka, mutungamiri wedu "wormed chakavanzika" hampurilainen, Hotdog, basa kuzvidzora basa, sero okuchengetera panhandare yendege uye pachiteshi chezvitima uye zviyo.

izvi zvose vakauya gare gare, uye muSoviet Union. Hampurilainen uye inopisa imbwa kuti pfungwa zvikonzero, Yakazopiwa zita rokuti "nguruve mu magumbeze" uye "Chop pabvunzo," uye vanhu veSoviet vakanga nechokwadi chokuti tiri tega nayo. Uye chibage ndiye mutungamiri wedu pakupedzisira "rudo", mafungiro kuti pakupedzisira ndawana El Dorado, chakavanzika kubudirira capitalist nyika papurazi Iowa. Kuti "chibage Story" panguva rwendo akasika ingano kuti Khrushchev zvichipomerwa akasarudza kuedza kwake netsika iyi. Kutaura zvazviri, vanenge vakawanda kurima chirongwa kurimwa yechibage rakanga hurukuro pamberi rwendo. Khrushchev pachake aifarira kudana "corncob" kunyange asati kugadzwa soro nzvimbo utungamiri munyika uye iri raiita zvirongwa siyana nevazhinji pakatanga tsika iyi. Chikonzero "rudo" ichi kuti miriwo ichi ndechokuti muna 1949 akaponesa zviyo Ukrainian Soviet Republic kubva rinotevera "nzara" kana Khrushchev ari pambiru Secretary General webato munyika. Mune dzimwe dziri USSR achiri aiva nzara nokuda kusakura uye kushaya reserves. Zvisinei, Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US muna 1959 zvakajeka midzi mukutenda kwake kuti tsika iyi yaida wekutaura muna USSR. Gare gare, kurima yedu akaripawo chaizvo kuti kuedza pamwe miriwo ichi, uye vanhu veSoviet vakatuka Secretary General mukicheni, munching zviyo chingwa panzvimbo yezviyo. Fair kuti nhasi Russian Ministry of Agriculture akabvuma kuedza Nikita Khrushchev pamusoro pakatanga yechibage iri National upfumi, sezvo anowedzera negoho nyama uye dheri mombe. Asi iyewo anobvuma kuti "hazvina zvakakodzera Chokwadi, zvose pamusoro nyika kudyara zviyo."

Kushamisika rokutanga

Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US kwakaitika muna 1959 uye Akaperekedzwa dzakasiyana-siyana curiosities. Dzimwe zvinoitika kuti mutungamiri Soviet, uye panguva imwe chete kuedza kunzwisisa zvakavanzika West, uye panguva imwecheteyo kumuratidza ukuru hwavo tsika, isa pachake nenzira netsa chinzvimbo.

Panguva fekitari, IBM ndiye mutungamiri wedu akaramba asina hanya chigadzirwa, wake wose chitarisiko ichiratidza kuti isu, zvakare, zvose zviri ikoko. Yeuka kuti muna 1959 kwaiva yokutanga munyika makombiyuta pamusoro transistor mukuru nenhanho rakavimbika uye mabasa kuti US Air Force akawana zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kunyange mangwanani rokunyevera mhepo kudzivirira hurongwa. Khrushchev harisi kufadzwa, sezvo basa aisazofarira pamusoro kuvandudzika makombiyuta chaiitirwa munyika yedu, uye "corncob" kunzwisisa echimurenga utsanzi nokuda kushaya chepuraimari ruzivo munharaunda iyi. Kureva, kuvamba ichi akabvumira IBM kuva mutungamiriri munyika zvemichina kombiyuta.

Asi Khrushchev akafarira imwe yakagadzirwa - nokuzvidzora basa muimba yokudyira. Chokwadi, Munyori General haana kufanana kuratidza ake kushamiswa uye nguva dzose nharo kuti "muna USSR nani." Zvisinei, vakawanda vakaziva kuti Khrushchev disingenuous.

In Hollywood

Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US muna 1959 uye kwakaratidza asvika kuHollywood. Film kambani "Twentieth Century Fox" yakarongwa kukudzwa mutungamiriri wedu anoshamisa zvemasikati vanhu 400. Mufaro zvokuti akakokwa chete vakakurumbira pasina wavo wechipiri sezvikamu, sezvo kusarudza vaya vasina zvakakwana.

Hollywood panguva iyoyo akakuvara "muroyi anovhima" - pakurwisana anoparadzirwa komiyunizimu muUnited States, vakawanda saka muenzi dzakandikomba mwoyo. . Zvisinei, anenge kuzivikanwa zvose vatambi, vatungamiri, vezvematongerwe enyika, playwrights nevamwe vakatora chikamu mune zvemasikati: Bob Houp, Francis Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe, Dzhon Kennedi , uye vamwe vakawanda.

Vamwe, vakadai Bing Crosby uye Ronald Reagan, sechiratidzo kutsutsumwa pamusoro mugovanisi hurumende vakashinga vakaramba kukokwa. Vamwe kungoti kutya nokuda kutapwa kwavo, uye haana kuenda kumisangano, sezvo pamusoro pavo akanga atova muna Commission of Inquiry musi Un-American Activities. Pakati pavanhu ava vose yakakurumbira munyori wemitambo Arthur Miller, asi mudzimai wake, Marilyn Monroe akanga kunyanya anomiririrwa nevatungamiriri veSoviet.

Khrushchev pamusoro firimu

Pashure pokudya kwemasikati vakakokwa dzakasarudza kuratidza kupfura firimu "Cancan". The varongi noune vakasarudza zvikuru piquant chaenga mumafirimu ramangwana. Ruzha mumhanzi akamhanya mutambi uye akatanga kutamba zvinoshamisa, zvikuru nokusimudza pamipendero. Gare gare, vatapi venhau havana kurasikirwa mukana kubvunza mutungamiriri Soviet kuti ari kufunga kwakadaro mifananidzo. Genre iyi mutungamiri wedu anonzi "majee", uye iye zvichipomerwa haana kuisa pfungwa dzavo pamusoro pavo. Zvisinei, ari kupfura venhau kuti zvinopesana.

Pamusangano nemasangano wesangano rinomirira, Khrushchev akaita kuratidza hasha dzake ari chokwadi chokuti "akatendeseka mutambi" vanofanira "simudza kumupendero" nepakudiwa "uori voruzhinji." Zvino mutungamiri wedu haana kurasikirwa mukana kuratidza kuti "tinofanira kudaro" rusununguko "hakusi zvakakodzera" uye isu "vanosarudza kufunga pachena", uye kwete "murinde dhongi rako." Zvisinei, panguva mutungamiri ichi Soviet akanga asina kugutsikana, akatanga Parody vachitamba kubva firimu, achiisa mbongoro yake paruzhinji. Kanenge, saka zvakanga zvakanyorwa rimwe American venhau - Sol Bellou, uyo akafukidza Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US. Year kwaari zvechokwadi yaiva isingakanganwiki, uye kakawanda nezvazvo zviitiko izvi muupenyu hwavo.

Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti US: musangano nemugwagwa mibatanidzwa

A chaiye mwoyo nokuda mutungamiri wedu uchisangana wesangano rinomirira nemasangano muUnited States. Iye akataura kuti kwaari, achaita sangana vatsigiri vake kundorwa capitalist nyika. Vanhu vose, asi kungoti "vashandi nesimba" anofanira kuvenga "yavamanikidzi uye enslavers." Asi akanga zvakaipa: mutungamiriri kupfuura wesangano rinomirira Uolter Rayter akatsoropodza yose mugovanisi ezvinhu ari USSR. Khrushchev akaedza yokudzivisa nayo uye vakamupomera "yokusavimbika rwekuita kirasi", asi chiso Reiter akati Nikita Sergeyevich kuti haasi vachirwira gutsaruzhinji munyika, uye anoshumira chete kuvandudza upenyu kushanda.

Gare gare, apo akaona Reiter mari Khrushchev runyerekupe kuti capitalists bribed basa pamwe vatungamiri vose muUnited States.

"Vakafa katsi akafa"

Kazhinji, Khrushchev kushanyirwa kuti United States (muna 1959) Akaperekedzwa mabasa vakawanda kokutambudza, ndyaringo, kutsvinya pamusoro chikamu American voruzhinji. Mibvunzo inonyanya kunaka aiva mutungamiriri wedu, avo zvakakanganisa muHungary yemuna. Izvi akarondedzera "akafa katsi akafa", aitaura kuti zviitiko izvi kare kare, asi venhau vachiri kusimudza musoro ichi.

rwendo rwechipiri

Khrushchev paakashanyira US - musi Chokwadi, risingakanganwiki, asi akanga asiri oga mutungamiriri rwendo rwedu kuna "vavengi Pfungwa". Zvingava, pashure kuti mutungamiri wedu akanga atambura muUnited States muna 1959, hazvingaiti kuenda ikoko zvakare. Zvisinei, muna 1960, akataura ari rechi15 General Assembly panguva UN mu New York umo akashora capitalist kuwedzera kuMadokero Africa. Pairi, akavimbisa kuti aratidze nyika "nemuriwo." Kutya vokuAmerica ashandura okuti "Tiri vachavaviga iwe," uye mutungamiriri Soviet mumaziso enyika Western dzisisakwane kuti mudzvanyiriri, vakagadzirira kuparadza nyika. Pashure paizvozvo, mumwe akaronga noushamwari kushanya Khrushchev kuUnited States (1961) haana kutora nzvimbo, uye dimikira "nemuriwo" yasvika kureva yenyukireya "chevaux-bhomba" kuti USSR kunoitika pashure General Assembly.