Kuwanikwa Purotoni Nyuturoni

Pashure zvakanga yakawanikwa kuti pfuma rinoumbwa mamorekuru, uye avo vari ngaadudzire - kubva maatomu kusvika yefizikisi mune mubvunzo mutsva. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti asimbise maumbirwo maatomu - chii rinokuyeuchidza umbwa. Nokuti nekugadzirisa dambudziko iri vakabva Rutherford vake nevadzidzi. Panovhurwa Purotoni Nyuturoni vakaita pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore

E. Rutherford rave zvokufungidzira kuti chii atomu rine neerekitironi orbiting pamukova mukuru velocity pakati maerekitironi. Asi chii chinoumba kuti mwoyo weatomu, hazvina pachena zvachose. Rutherford akataura pfungwa kuti mabhomba nuclei upi kwemakemikari chaikosha chinofanira musimboti wenyika hydrogen atomu.

pfungwa iyi yakanga anozoonekwa nokuda dzakatevedzana kuedza, zvakazoita kuwanikwa Purotoni yakakumikidzwa. Musimboti wacho experimental Zara akanga Rutherford kuti senitrogen maatomu vanokanganiswa Alpha nemwaranzi iyo vamwe nezvimedu sputtered kubva senitrogen mabhomba musimboti.

Izvi hwakanyorwa pamusoro photosensitive firimu. Zvisinei, sokupenya akanga asina simba saka, uye aikanganiswa firimu akanga diki, saka Rutherford vataurira vadzidzi vake asati atanga kuona maawa mashoma panguva kuva muimba murima, kuti meso aigona kuona dzisinganyatsooneki mwenje.

In kuedza ichi, kuti maitiro chiedza zvisaririra akafunga kuti zvacho, izvo akavhuniwa, nuclei vaiva rehydrogen uye okisijeni maatomu. Pfungwa pamusoro Rutherford, izvo zvakaita kuti ndechokuti kuwanikwa chakaitwa hwepurotoni wakawanei ayo penya chisimbiso.

PARTICIPLE ichi Rutherford akataura zita hwepurotoni (kubva "Protos" ndiro Greek rokutanga). Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti mabhomba rehydrogen musimboti ane chimiro chakadaro kuti ane chimwe chete hwepurotoni. Sezvo kuwanikwa Purotoni yakakumikidzwa.

Electric nokuchengeta, iye akanaka. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo quantitatively akaenzana Erekitironi mutariri, asi ane pakatarisana chiratidzo. Kureva zvinoitika kuti Purotoni Erekitironi sokuti mumwe nomwero. Saka, zvose zvinhu, sezvo ine maatomu pakutanga asina mhosva, uye yemagetsi nokuchengeta vari vakawana apo vanotanga kuita pamusoro yemagetsi munda. In sechivako maatomu nuclei-siyana zvine maatomu akafanana vangave hombe nhamba protons pane mabhomba rehydrogen neerekitironi.

Mushure chakawanikwa chakagadzirwa Purotoni, vaongorori vakatanga kuziva kuti chinoumba makemikari chinhu atomu rinoumbwa kwete chete protons, nekuti zvidzidzo mumuviri kuedza vane nuclei pamusoro beryllium maatomu vakawana kuti mukanyiwa pakati protons vari musimboti rinoumbwa vezvikwata mana, apo mukanyiwa rose musimboti - muzvikamu mapfumbamwe. Zvakanga zvine musoro kuti titi vakawanda dzakabatana mamwe mashanu vaiva nevamwe nezvimedu vasingazivikanwi pasina muripo yemagetsi, sezvo zvimwe ari Erekitironi-hwepurotoni mwero kuti kutyorwa.

James Chadwick mboni E. Rutherford, aiitisa kuedza, uye aigona kuona zvokutanga nezvimedu iyo nendege kubva beryllium mabhomba neerekitironi pavanenge vanokanganiswa Alpha nemwaranzi. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti havana yemagetsi muripo. Found aiva kushaya muripo nokuti kuti inoramba izvi hazvina vakaitei kuna remagetsi munda. Ipapo zvakava pachena kuti vawana chisipo vanzwe mamiriro yenyukireya.

Izvi rakavhurika D. Chadwick PARTICIPLE inonzi Nyuturoni. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti ane uremu sezvaiitwa Purotoni, asi, sezvo yave akati, hakuna magetsi muripo.

Uyezve, kwakanga experimentally yasimbiswa kuti uwandu protons uye neutrons akaenzana kutevedzana nhamba kwemakemikari chinhu periodic ino.

Zvose zvinogona kuonekwa zvinhu zvakadai Nyuturoni nyeredzi, izvo kazhinji ndiyo yokupedzisira padariro akatisiyira shanduka. nyeredzi Nyuturoni kwakadaro vane refu kwazvo arambe achirema.