Kuzviisa pasi mu inshuwarisi chii? Nheyo, kuronga nekudzorera kwechikamu chemugumo

Inishuwarenzi kuderedzwa ishoko rakakosha nokuda kwemutemo weRussia, wakakweretwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika mutongi, kunyanya, Chirungu neGermany. Nokudaro, pakutsvaga nzira dzokushandisa nayo, zvinotaurwa kune zvakaitika kune dzimwe nyika zvichave zvakakwana.

Nzira yekugadzirisa kusawirirana kwepfuma

Kuzviisa pasi mukushandura kubva mumutauro wechiLatini (kurambidzwa) kunoreva kushandurwa. Kuzviisa pasi mu inshuwarisi ndiko kutenderwa kutenderwa kwepamutemo kwekodzero yekutaura, chaizvoizvo, kuchimiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvakasiyana zvekugoverwa kwekodzero yekureva. Nokuda kwekudzivirirwa kunonyanya kukosha kwezvinhu zvinodiwa neaishuwarenzi, mupiro unopiwa nokuda kwekukanganisa kunogona kutaurwa muzvisungo zvesungano. Kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwepfuma, vatsigiri (vabatsiri) vadzivisa matambudziko akaoma asingatauriki mukuwana munhu ane mhosva.

Zvisinei, iyo inshurenzi ine kodzero yokusabhadhara inshuwarisi yekubhadhara kune uyo anobatsirwa kana pasina humwe hunosimbisa hwekukanganisa kwakaitwa nenzira yezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, mazano enyanzvi, nezvimwewo.

Pfungwa yekuregerera

Kudzvinyirira ndiyo kodzero yezvitsva zvitsva, umo munhu anenge aita mubhadharo wekukuvadzwa kunoitwa nomumwe munhu ane kodzero yekuda kudzokera shure kune munhu uyu. Somuenzaniso, kana kambani yekufambisa seyo muridzi wemotokari yakabhadhara kuipa kunokonzerwa nevashandi vayo, ine mukana munyaya yepamutemo yekubhadhara mari dzayo, ndiko kuti, kugadzirisa.

Ichokwadi kuti izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo inshuwarisi haisi kuonekwa semunhu akabhadhara zvinokuvadza, sezvo asingashandisi senyaya yekukuvadza kuripa, uye inshuwarheni yekupa mubhadharo chikamu chekukuvadza kune inshuwarisi yakaonekwa mukugadzirisa kururamisira nekuda kwekukuvadza kunokonzerwa kune mumwe munhu. Nokudaro, nzira yekudzorera inopa chikwereti kune avo vakatsigirwa, kwete avo vakakuvadzwa.

Kufananidzwa kwehurumende yehushumo

Zvingava kukanganisa kufunga nezvekuderedzwa kwepamusoro seimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirevo zvezvemagariro. Asi mazano aya ane zvimwe zvakafanana, kuisa pasi uye kuregererwa mu inshuwarheni inopiwa nemitemo yemitemo uye mutemo wepamutemo: mutemo wekutaridzika unogadziriswa neChitsauko 14 cheMutemo weMutemo weMTPL, uye kuiswa pasi-neChitsauko 965 cheChristian Code yeRussia Federation chete maererano nehutano hwehutano hwehutano. Tsanangudzo mbiri idzi ndedzeve yekodzero yekureva iyo inomuka chete kana pane chimwe chikwereti. Mukuwedzera, icho chikuru chinosungirwa chinopedzerwa nekutongwa kwacho, chakaitwa nevechitatu. Icho ndiko kuurayiwa ndicho chikonzero chekuitika kwezvinhu izvi inshuwarisi.

Kuzviisa pasi uye kugadzirisa mu inshuwarisi, kusiyana kwavo

Kusiyana pakati pekuregererwa uye kuisa pasi kunonyanya nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita. Kana kuzviisa pasi mu inshuwarisi kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuendeswa kwekodzero yekuzvitsvaga, saka kutonga kwave kutotanga kusungirwa. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti ivo vanosiyaniswa nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana yemitemo yepamutemo, pamwe nekuderedza nguva.

Inishuwarenzi inoshandiswa inoshandiswa kune chero vanhu, uye kuregererwa kunogumira kumativi akaenzana evanhu. Mukuwedzera, kana kutumirwa kwechirongwa chekodzero yekodzero yakarurama, maererano nemitemo, uyo ane chikwereti anosungirwa kuzivisa iyo inshuwarisi yezvose zvinowanika ruzivo uye kutumira magwaro anokosha ekugadzirisa inshuwarisi yekodzero iyi yekutora iyo yapfuura kwaari.

Nhungamiro yekuderedzwa

Nheyo inokosha yekuisa pasi mu inshuwarisi ndiko kutumirwa kune inshuwarisi iyo inobhadharwa maererano nesungano, kodzero yekuda mari yemari yekurasikirwa kwakaitwa kune munhu ane mhosva yekukuvadza kwakakonzerwa.

Murairo wehukama hwepamutemo hwakadaro hunoitwa nehu inshurenzi nekuchengetedza mitemo yepamutemo uye yepanyika. Nokudaro, kuzviisa pasi mu inshuwarisi inzira yakakosha yekubatana kwezvehupfumi inobva pakugadziriswa kwengozi inobatanidza nekukonzera kukuvadza kwezvinhu kumapoka anobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa. Uyezve, rudzi urwu rwebasa runoitwa nehurumende dzakasungirirwa kuunganidza mari yemishuwarenzi uye kuita inshuwarheni mari kana ichiita kurasikirwa maererano nehupfumi hwezvinhu zvehupfumi. Maererano neArt. 965 ye Civil Code, kunze kwekunge pane zvakataurwa mubvumirano, mubhadhadziro uyo akabhadhara chikwereti anogamuchira kodzero yekureva chikamu ichi chekurasikirwa kubva kune munhu ane mhosva yacho.

Kuwanda kwekurasikirwa pazvikamu zviduku

Pakurasikirwa (chirevo chechipiri cheChitsauko che15 che Civil Civil cheRussian Federation) chinonzwisiswa:

• Kuwanda kwemari inowanikwa panguva ino kana munguva yemberi yekudzorera kodzero dzakaputsika.
• Kuwanda kwekukuvadza kwakakonzerwa, kunoratidzika mukurasikirwa kana kukanganisa pfuma.
• Kuwanda kwekurasikirwa kwezvikwereti, kureva kuti, kwete kugamuchira mari, iyo munhu akakuvadzwa angadai akawana mukana wekusavhiringidza kwekodzero dzake, kana kubhadhara kwehupfighu yehurumende kwakaitika nenzira inowanzoitika.

Nokudaro, chipo chekudzikinura chechikamu chemugodhi chinopa kugadziriswa kwemutoro wezvakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekuparara kunokonzerwa.

Nzira yekutambira kudai

Kazhinji kambani yeinishuwarenzi inotumira tsamba kune avo vanokonzerwa nenjodzi, ine chinyorwa chezvinyorwa zve Civil Code uye mamiriro ehupakisi, uye nhepfenyuro yemafupisi inozivisa pamusoro pekudiwa kwekubhadhara chikwereti chemari yakadaro.

Zvisinei, kutevera urongwa hwekudzikinurwa, zvakakosha kutarisa zvakakwana mapepa ekutsvakurudza kwekugadzirisa kusarudzo kwehutano hwemamiriro ekurwisana, ayo anofanira kusanganisira nzvimbo dzinotevera:

1. Zvinyorwa zvinogadza nekusimbisa chiyero chekuparara kunokonzerwa kunofanira kuva chechipiri chekuongorora yemotokari nekuongororwa kwakazvimiririra nemifananidzo uye kubhadhara kwekugadzirisa mabasa kana mutero wekubhadhara kwebasa rakaitwa.
2. Zvinyorwa zvinotsigira chokwadi chekuita njodzi nemunhu ane mhosva. Chikonzero chekururamisa ndicho chiitiko cheHurumende Traffic Safety Inspectorate (pasi peFomu 748) uye mutongo wedare kana kutonga kubva kuHurumende Automobile Inspectorate.
3. Zvinyorwa kana makopi avo anosimbisa kodzero dzemunhu ane mhosva - chiremba chekunyorwa kwehurumende, pamwe ne inshuwarisi yemotokari, inoongorora kubhadhara kwayo uye chirevo chekuitika kwechiitiko che inshuwarisi.

Kana kambani ye inshuwarisi isingatauri mapepa ese anotsigira kodzero yekugadziriswa, zvinodiwa mundima yavo kuti iite mhinduro kumutsotsi wemhosva. Tsamba iyi inogona kutumirwa nemeseji nemashoko kana kuti iwe pachako unopiwa munyori nekunyora pasi nhamba yemagwaro asina kupinda.

Kuronga tsamba yekuongorora

Tsamba yekudzokorora kana kuongororwa kunoitwa zvakanyatsorongeka, uye kana zvichidikanwa, inogona kurairwa kubva kuvadzidzisi vemotokari. Zvinotarisirwa kutarisa kuwirirana kweHurumende Traffic Safety Inspectorate nemitemo yakarondedzerwa yekugadzirisa basa, chengetedza kuterera kwemazuva-mashoma nebasa rekugadzirisa kugadzirisa motokari.

Kana kuwanda kwekukuvadza kunoruramiswa nekambani yeinishuwarenzi kwete maererano neicho chaicho chaibhadhara kushandiswa kwemashumiro, uye maererano nehuwandu hwezvimiririra nyanzvi yekuongororwa, kambani yekambani chete ine kodzero yekupikisa kuverenga kwakaitwa navo. Panguva imwe chete nekudzokorora kune kambani yveshuwarenzi, zvakakosha kutumira tsamba yekuvhara, chinangwa chayo chinogona kunge chiri kuderedza ukuru hwekurasikirwa kunogadziriswa kana kugadzirisa chikwereti, kugadzira purogiramu yekubhadhara kwayo. Uyewo tsamba ino inokwanisa kubatsira kutarisa kuoma kwezvinangwa mukudzivirira kodzero dzavo, pamwe nekuratidza kushanda kwekubhadhara kwemari inoshandiswa pamatare edzimhosva mumatare.

Shanda pane kuunganidza

Iko kupiwa pasi kunowanzotorwa nemasangano edzimhosva akasiyana-siyana uye inosanganisira marudzi akasiyana ehutano:

• Kuongorora kwezvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza uye kukonzera kutsvaga kweinishuwarenzi mikonti yekutsanangurira chikwereti chekwereti uye inogona kugadziriswa.
• Kugadzirira kwemagwaro ekubhadhara kwekuvhiringidzwa kwekutanga kwekutongwa, pamwe nekugadzirira mhaka.
• Sangano renhare dzeshare, magwaro ehurumende uye kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo kune vanhu vane chikwereti. Muchiitiko ichi, kunyanya kusimbiswa kunoiswa pakushandiswa kwekutanga kutongwa kwekuedzwa.
• Kudzivirirwa kwezvinodiwa zvekwereti mumatare, uyewo mubasa revatsigiri.
• Kuunganidza mari.
• Kupa chivimbiso kune munhu ane mhosva pamusana pekuongororwa kwakakwana kwehuwandu hwekugadziriswa, hutungamirirwa nemutemo uye kwete kudarika inishuwarensi.

Kuzviisa pasi mu inshuwarisi chikamu chinokosha chebhizimisi rino, basa rinopfuurira uye rakakwirira iro rinokubvumira kuderedza nguva yekubhadhara yemari yakabhadharwa. Pakupedzisira, ndeyekuti iyeyo kambani yeInishuwarenzi ine mukana wekuwedzera zvakanyanya kushanda kwemabasa ayo.