Latin: nhoroondo okukura. Inoshandiswa mukurapa

Kamwe Europe yaigarwa nevanhu vanotaura mitauro kuti zvino vachinzi kuvakafa, kureva, kubuda muhurukuro kushandiswa. Mumwe wavo - mutauro Latin. Nhoroondo yacho kukura rinotanga asati auya yedu, asi vanhu vanoshandisa nayo nhasi, ari XXI remakore. Kudzidza mutauro uyu rokumanikidzirwa nyaya iri nemasangano akawanda rokudzidzisa. Chii Latin? Inodzidza izvozvo? Mhinduro - munyaya ino.

kare

Nyika yokumusha Latin - Ancient Rome. Vanhu vanoitirwa mutauro uyu waiva mai vaigara II remakore BC. Asi vakadzidza kunyora zvakawanda paya. History of mutauro Latin chakabatana zvikuru kare. It Inonzi nebudiriro kuti aivapo pamberi Middle Ages. About vanhu varo ano vanoziva nokuda nemagariro nebudiriro vaRoma nevaGiriki. The VaRoma vakatanga zvikuru kubva vagari vakadzidza zvikuru Greece, kusanganisira mabhuku tsika.

Wokutanga rakanyorwa

History of mutauro Latin, somumwe, pasi periodization. Nyanzvi dzemitauro uye vanyori with zvekare, chekare uye postclassical nguva. Nepo VaRoma vakanga unorganized rudzi, vakataura zvekare Latin. Asi akasimba akava hweRoma, zvikuru dzakasimukira tsika, uye nawo mutauro. Kuvakwa chiperengo, yava kupfuura siyana. The VaRoma akatanga kutaura uye kunyora mutauro, iyo yava kunzi dzenhoroondo Latin. Zvino vamwe vagari kuziva hwacho vakatanga kushandura mabasa vaGiriki, uye kunyange kusika chinhu chitsva. With veMubatanidzwa unyanzvi mabhuku echiGiriki uye Roman yekare anotanga dzichiri munyika prose uye nhetembo.

mabhuku

The kudzidza chero munda uri - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, nhoroondo mutauro muchiLatin. The chidzoke Roma uye ayo kukura tsika aiva zvikuru nezvainoita tsika dzenyika. Chokutanga, munyika iyi makanga mitemo uye mabhuku Latin echitendero. Akabva ataura pachavo, uye vanyori. Murume wokutanga muRoma yekare, inova zvinonyatsoda ari enhetembo siyana - ndiye Liviy Andronik. Asi haana kunyora chinhu yavo, asi kungotaura rakashandurwa nhetembo huru Homer vake. Vana Roman kwenguva refu akadzidza kunyora bhuku pamusoro zvinoshamisa madzungairiro ose Odysseus.

bhuku rokutanga

Interesting nhoroondo mutauro Latin uye mabhuku chokuita kanenge yokuvaraidza upenyu enyika kuRoma yekare. Hondo uye dzimwe njodzi ndakasika chizvarwa chitsva vadetembi nevanyori vasina kushandura vatorwa mabasa, uye kutanga zvinyorwa Roman chizvarwa. Gnaeus Nevij Somuenzaniso, akanyora dambudziko wakayeriswa mumwe Punic Wars.

Uyezve, sezvo murudzi, vaRoma vakanga nyaya yavo, iro vadetembi kusika mabhuku mabasa. Ngano Ancient Rome achidzidza vechikoro uye vadzidzi. Zivo yakakura iyi zvinokosha nokuti ndiro apo vanyori vekare Roman akavhomora zvidzidzo. Uye ivowo, akakwereta tsika uye gare gare vanyori. Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura mutauro Latin kunewo chokuita mazita akadai Plautus, Virgil, Horace. Mashoko Roman vazivi, vanyori, vezvematongerwo enyika uye yechisimba inoshandiswa pakutaura ano. Kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki chepakutanga.

Chii mitauro dziri zvizvarwa Latin?

Nokuti vaya vanenge vachidzidza rokuItari, Spanish kana French, zvinokosha chaizvo Latin. Nhoroondo kukura kwake mumwe zvikamu Romance Studies - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza vakawanda mitauro, unova baba kwayo vagari veRoma yekare. Latin - rokumanikidzirwa vanotongwa pa mano ose philology uye zvemutauro. Kurovedza ikoko kazhinji kungogumira shanduro magwaro, nomusoro zvirevo uye kudzidza girama zvinokosha. Asi kunyange izvi zvakakwana kunzwisisa mashoko French, Italian kana mumwe mutauro wenyika Romance akakweretwa nevaairarama, Virgil uye Horace vangani.

Middle Ages

In yeMiddle Ages, Latin aiva, kupfuura zvose, mutauro kereke. Uye sezvo chechi kwaibva zvose, uye mutauro uyu aripo munyaya zvose zvoupenyu. Masayendisiti munguva ino vakanga vachinyatsoongorora akaunganidzawo mabhuku nhaka kare, vakadzidza uye rakanatswa Latin, vakazvipira zvakawanda zvinyorwa zvakadai inokosha sezvo nhoroondo mutauro Latin. Muchidimbu rakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda. Kunze zvekare, chekare uye post-chekare, isolated sezvo Ages Latin.

Kunyange pakuvira kwezuva Medieval Latin haana chete kwete kutaura murima, vanhu vasina kudzidza. MuEurope, zvitupa uye mabhizimisi matsamba inoitwa bedzi mumutauro iwoyo. Munyika rwevanhu uye munzanga zvikurukuru kwave kuchinja, uye ichi kugona kukanganisa izvozvo. Chakasimudzira vakashanduka, zvinhu zvitsva lexical kuoneka. Asi kunyange kana mutauro uyu chaiva kutora nzvimbo yechipiri, akaramba ari rokumanikidzirwa nyaya muzvikoro zvose.

Latin akanga rinenge chikuru nyaya magweta yemberi, kuti zvechokwadi hapana kutaura navanachiremba. Muna nganonyorwa "The Life of Monsieur of Moliere" by M. Bulgakov Zvinoshamisa anorondedzera nokudzidziswa ezvinhu panguva ino. Protagonist bhuku, yakakurumbira munyori Moliere kuti mutambo, jaya saka zvakaoma akadzidza Latin, kuti dzimwe nguva zvaiita kuti zita rake haana Jean-Baptiste, uye Zhoganes Baptistus.

Shanduro Hippocrates

Masoja voumhare Roman apo akakunda nevaGiriki mberi, vakakwanisa kushandisa kwete chete tsika nebudiriro vaGiriki, asiwo zvesayenzi. Chokutanga, apo kutanga - kudzidza zvinyorwa Hippocrates. Izvi akadzidza murume, sezvamunoziva, aiva muvambi wechikoro Greek zvokuporesa. History of Latin mutauro kukura mune zvokurapa odzokera kunyatsoenderana anotamisa izvi.

mushonga

Vamwe echiGiriki vekare nokusingaperi kutaura nevaRoma. ayakazadzwa ari yakakunda vanhu, asi pashure penguva yakati vakaonekwa vavo vanachiremba. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - Klavdiy Galen. musayendisiti ichi akanyora vanopfuura zana mabasa. Cherechedzai iye akabhadhara kune mashoko, vachifunga kuti vari chinokosha zvokurapa zvenyika. Asi varapi kokutanga muRoma yekare vakanga vachiri nhapwa nevaGiriki. pamusoro kwenguva, varanda vakagamuchira rusununguko rwavo, akadzidzisa muzvikoro. Pakutanga, vose mashoko vari chete Greek, asi nhoroondo mutauro Latin uye kurapwa mazwi zviri zvinodyidzana. Nokukwereta kubva mutauro Hippocrates hurukuro pavadzidzisi Roman nerimwe gore zvinova zvishoma uye zvishoma.

Zvekufamba pamusoro Celsus

An mupiro kukuru kuti kukura yezvokurapa mazwi akasuma Aulus Korneliy Tsels. Murume uyu akanga ari kuita zvinhu zvizhinji unhu, aiva mutsigiri yaitsiva zvetsika Greek Latin ezvokurapa. Celsus akanyora mabasa ake mururimi rwavo. basa chiremba uyu rava chinodiwa kuti pakusika ano dzokurapa mazwi.

Mune Dark Ages kwokurapa kukura nemhuru. Sezvo Zvisinei, uye zvimwe mapazi ose nesayenzi. Rights Society of Church. Rikabudirira kusaziva. Kwerinenge mireniyumu mu mushonga European kwakanga kusina kuchinja. NavaArabhu, Zvichakadai, makawana zvikuru munzvimbo iyi. Uye kana mumwe mushonga mu Europe varangarira chokutanga rakatanga kukura zvokurapa zvakanangana - ari muchiLatin pamusoro Arab akadhindwa, izvo, panzira, chinhu asi shanduro kubva muchiGiriki.

Renaissance

Pakati XIV uye XVI remakore muEurope zviri patsva, uye kunyanya mishonga. Doctors kamwe zvakare akatendeukira epakutanga. Mumazana emakore akasika mutauro zvakasikwa zvokurapa. Vanachiremba vanogara munyika dzakasiyana European vanofanira kunge vakanzwisisa mumwe. Published mabhuku uye mumaduramazwi. Muzana XV remakore, zvakanzi akawanikwa rimwe mumaraibhurari basa akanganwa chiremba Roman Celsus. basa Roman wacho republished, uye mazwi akashandiswa vanachiremba munyika nhasi.

Vezaliy Andreas - chiremba mukuru uye anatomist nenguva. musayendisiti ichi yaiva anatomical chati, inobva basa Roman munyori ikazobudiswazve. Kuwedzera kuripo gretsizmov, akava muvambi uye mazwi matsva Latin. Zvisinei, vakawanda vavo gare gare vakabuda kushandiswa.

mutemo weRoma

Wandei kuchinja pamutemo mazwi akanga Latin. Nhoroondo mutemo unotora midzi muna dzidziso Mutemo Roman. Kureva, ndiko kunobva mazwi mumitauro yakawanda. Chikonzero ndechokuti mashoko chaizvo. Latinism pfuma yacho ano zviri pamutemo hurongwa. A rakakura basa pano ndechokuti iri pamutemo bhora magwaro Ages akambochera chete muchiLatin. Somugumisiro international terminological mari yakatangwa.

Mune mimwe mitauro, mashoko chokuita pamutemo mashoko, unotaurwa Latin nhasi, pasina kuchinja zvakaitwa. A vakawanda Latinisms aripo zvikurukuru mune Romance mumitauro. The boka German vakadaro nokukwereta zvishoma.

philology

Future nyanzvi dzemitauro kudzidza Latin. Basa mutauro huru sunungukei dzidzo hurongwa. Of uyo akauya zvose Romance mitauro. Nokukwereta kubva kutaura vaRoma vekare uye vemazuva ano vari mashoko rechiFrench, kuItaly uye vokuSpain. Naizvozvo, nokuti vadzidzi philology yeRoma, rinokosha saka Latin. Nhoroondo girama, phonetics uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemutauro - imi mose kuziva zvakadzama kudzidza mutauro wokumwe.

Latin akanga zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro paumbwe kwemitauro yakawanda yemazuva ano, saka zvinokosha kudzidza kwete chete yemberi Magweta navanachiremba. Student mutauro Latin, unakidzwe mashoko uye anoita kuti zvive nyore kudzidza mashoko matsva. Ndicho muchiLatin arufabheti ndiye phonetic transcription zvitsigiro hwaro mumitauro yose European, uye.

Latin ane chokuita mutauro ano Russian. Rine mashoko anopfuura zviuru gumi kuti yakabva mutauro wekare Romans.