Lysosomes - sero ndiye "medics"

Sero Chipenyu akaronga pezvivako kuti ndimupe mukana wokuratidza vose ehupfumi mupenyu muviri. Kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka, sero anofanira kuwana zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana yokuputsa kusunungura simba ravo, iro zvino regai kuenda rubatsiro upenyu pezvakaitwa.

In padariro wokutanga pezvakaitwa kunzwisisa zviri simba Kutarisira lysosomes masero kuti otshnurovyvayutsya micheto flattened dictyosomes Matangi (Golgi).

Sei lysosomes

Lysosomes - ndiyo odnomembrannye mhuru idenderedzwa dhayamita inobva 0.2 2 microns, riri akanyudzwa mukati kunzwisisa kuti hydrolytic makemikari. Vanokwanisa kunamatira chero dzinongoitika polymer kana fuma yakaoma yakarongeka, inowira muchitokisi ave inotonhorera substrate kana imwe mumiririri:

• mapuroteni uye polypeptides;
• polysaccharides (starch, dextrin, glycogen);
• nucleic acids;
• lipids.

kunyatsoshanda Izvi zvinogona kupa anenge 40 marudzi akasiyana makemikari zviri lysosomes chizvaro uye yomukati divi Kamudzira iri adherent ezvinhu.

Chemistry lysosomes

Kamudzira wakakomberedza lysosome, anodzivirira organelles nezvimwe cellular zvinoumba ari digesting enzayemu yakaoma. Asi sefuro zvose makemikari vari mapuroteni kwakatangira, nei vari haritsemurwi ne proteases?

Chokwadi ndechokuti mukati lysosome makemikari zviri glycosylated mamiriro. Izvi carbohydrate "goko" anoita kuti taita kucherechedzwa kuti proteolytic makemikari.

Zvaakazoita svikiro mukati lysosomes iri zvakaneta asidhi (ph 4.5-5), mukusiyana kusvika kwazvakarerekera hyaloplasm. Zvinoita akanaka ezvinhu kuti zvinoitwa makemikari uye anoshandisa H ⁺ -ATPase, iyo pumps protons mukati organelles.

The Kutendeuka kwacho lysosome

Morphologically muchitokisi mhando mbiri chikuru lysosomes - nesekondari.

Primary lysosomes - iri matema diki, kana mvere-unocheka, akaparadzaniswa tangi Golgi yakaoma. Kuine mamwe hydrolytic makemikari ari kare kuumbwa membranes granular (roughened) EPR. Vasati Absorção de Água pamusoro inotonhorera substrate lysosomes vari munhu akaneta muchimiro.

Kutanga muna lysosome makemikari kuwana zvokudya zvacho kana mvura mvura. Izvi zvinoitika nenzira mbiri:

1. By autophagy, apo nezvimedu zvokudya vari yokuita zvinoitwa lysosome kubva dzakapoteredza cytoplasm. The Kamudzira organelles invaginates pfungwa neVadzidzi PARTICIPLE nokuumba ane endocytic vesicle uye otshnurovyvaetsya mukati lysosomes.
2. By geterofagii kana lysosome merges pamwe endocytic vesicles, kamwe chete cytoplasm muchitokisi nokuda Absorção de Água nezvishoma kana mvura kubva kunze.

Secondary lysosomes - ichi vesicles ane makemikari uye substrate kuti kugaya. Ivo vanoonekwa ne hydrolytic basa akaratidza uye dzikabereka sezvo pamusana Absorção de Água chezvinhu substrate lysosome.

With kuti basa kuderedza lysosomal kugaya (cleavage) kuti inoramba zvikukutu uye Organic solutes, muitiro mukana wokushandiswa inopiwa mano yechipiri lysosomes:

• Kubatanidza pamwechete chikuru lysosomes, izvo matsva batch mangé makemikari;
• coalesce nezvokudya zvacho zvitsva kana endocytotic vesicles kuramba chichiitika cleavage;
• Kubatanidza nevamwe yechipiri lysosomes, pova akakura anokwanisa rokutora mumwe muchitokisi organelles;
• Sechipanji pinocytic vesicles kusimukira kupinda multivesicular miviri.

Sechivako lysosomes apo kwete vangasimudzira kuchinja. Kazhinji chete inokura pakukura.

Mamwe lysosomes

Dzimwe nguva kukamurwa rwakabatwa lysosome zvinhu haisi kusvikira pakuguma. Undigested nezvimedu hadzina kubviswa kubva organelle uye kuunganidza mairi. Pashure nerubatsiro hydrolytic makemikari ari kwezvinoshandiswa, nekuumbanidzwa uye zvishandiswezve kugutsikana, nemamiriro ose lysosome hunowedzera akaoma, layered. Vanogonawo iiswe ruvara zvinhu. Lysosome anotendeuka kuva residual muviri.

Naizvozvo mhuru residual kuramba muchitokisi kana kubviswa kwazviri nokuda exocytosis.

In protists masero anogona kuwanikwa autophagosomes. By hunhu hwavo, vanopinda yechipiri lysosomes. Inside organelles aya anowanikwa zvasara zvikuru zvinoriumba muchitokisi uye cytoplasmic ezvirevo. Vari inoumbwa kukuvara muchitokisi, kukwegura uye cellular organelles ndedzokuti marara zvinoumba muchitokisi, achisunungura monomers.

Lysosome basa muchitokisi

Lysosomes zvikurukuru kupa anodiwa sero kuvaka zvinhu depolimerizuya zvinhu vakavharirwa mairi.

Kuparara makabhohaidhiretsi chinhu kubatana anokosha simba muviri masero nokutumira munhu substrate kuti kutendeuka ari mitochondria.

Lysosomes - zviri zvakare dziviriro link iri zvirwere:

1. Mushure phagocytosis mabhakitiriya kubudikidza leucocytes, lysosomes dira zvirimo munzvimbo mhango pakati phagocytic vesicle, nokuparadza tusingaoneki hunokuvadza.
2. Tisunungurirei proteolytic makemikari ari apoptosis - chiite muchitokisi rufu.
3. Kurasa tagovera uye "akwegura" muchitokisi organelles.

Akabatana muchitokisi kuwanda lysosomes mubasa marara pezvivako siyana anopa update muviri.