Mabasa Zhukovsky kuti: Pamazita

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky anonzi mumwe havaoni kuti Romanticism muchiRussia. Ndokusaka kukoshesa basa rake aisa dambudziko renyika rwomumwoyo yomunhu. Sezvo akati nezvake Belinsky munorumbidzirweiko Zhukovsky kunokosha - akapa "mwoyo uye mweya" wokuRussia nhetembo.

Mabasa Zhukovsky zvaka- yomukati manzwiro gamba, manzwiro uye manzwiro nevakariri murume, izvo zvakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti mudetembi aifanira kukunda mukuru manyorerwo kuti classicists akanyora vamutangira. mabasa Language akazova mupfungwa, vakasvinuka, achitumira akasiyana mupfungwa nuances. Chinosanganisira Mitsara uye kutaura.

Rakatanga nyanduri

Mudetembi akaberekwa January 29, 1783 pamuganhu Oryol, Kaluga uye Tula enyika, mumusha Mishenskoe. Aiva mubvandiripo mwanakomana akapfuma, Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin uye Turkish vakadzi, izvo 1770 Russian akakundawo ari storming pamusoro Bender.

mudetembi unonzi ramangwana kubva hama yake, Andrei Ivanovich Zhukovsky, murombo wamambo, vaigara wemunda Bunin, uyo kushandisa mukomana. Saka haana ari mubvandiripo chinzvimbo.

Zhukovsky kuti mabasa (Donongodzo)

Mudetembi akanyora zvakawanda, saka kugamuchira basa rake munyaya imwe chete, zvakaoma chaizvo. Zvisinei, isu muchindivigira mikuru mabasa Zhukovsky (mazita ari kurongwa).

1. "May Morning" (1797).
2. "Pfungwa paguva" (1797).
3. "Rural Cemetery" (1802).
4. "Evening" (1806).
5. "Ekaterina" (1808).
6. "Svetlana" (1812).
7. "Singer mumusasa nemasoja Russian" (1812).
8. "Aeolian Harp" (1814).
9. "Asingatsananguriki" (1819).
10. "Tsarskoye tiiviste Swan" (1851).
11. "Wandering muJudha" (Makore 1851-1852).

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro nomumwe chigadzirwa, ona pazasi.

Teens uye yokutanga basa

Kunyange mumakore ake okutanga kudzidza pachikoro chebhodhingi, riri paUniversity of Moscow, Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, vane mabasa isu ichaongorora, iye akasika nhetembo yake yokutanga. Rinonyatsooneka pamabasa ake panguva kuonekwa: Nhetembo "May Morning" uye prose basa "Thoughts paguva," rakanyorwa muna 1797. Nhetembo "May Morning" anotanga mumweya classicism: "Belorumyana mambakwedza rinobuda ...". hunhu pamufananidzo inorondedzerwa chaihwoihwo, rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma. Kushandisa yakakwirira Mutauro ( "Face"), mifologizm ( "Febhi"), remubatanidzwa adjectives ( "belorumyana"). Zvisinei, mune zvinotevera mitsetse pane kunzwa inovava uye kurasikirwa mwoyo. Apedza kushanda mumweya sentimentalism: "Life, shamwari yangu, chigadziko misodzi uye kutambura ...".

"Rural Cemetery"

mabasa vekare Vasily Zhukovsky kazhinji kunyorwa Genre pamusoro elegy. Karamzin, ukuwo yakakurumbira Russian munyori, akanga ari shamwari Nyanduri uye mudzidzisi. Ndiye akapa Zhukovsky vanokoshesa mumwe mabasa ake guru rokutanga - the elegy "Rural Cemetery", shanduro elegy Thomas Gray, Chirungu nyanduri. Karamzin akafarirwa basa iri uye yabudirira kuti muna 1802 dzakachinja elegy yakabudiswa "Journal of Europe", iyo muparidzi panguva, akanga. Musoro mukuru mabasa - zvinoreva upenyu, uye murume wacho ukama kunze nyika. Elegy inovakwa sezvo kuratidzwa nyanduri, kwakakonzerwa kufungisisa mumusha kumakuva. Mupfungwa Nyanduri nomuzvarirwo kuzviratidza mibvunzo kuti ari kuedza kupindura. Ivo vakabatanidzwa vakawanda Pfungwa tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma woupenyu uye vicissitudes wematambudziko. Mudetembi anoda kwete "kwemwoyo pamusoro Fortune," uye vaya vari kushanda nesimba kuti zvakanaka zvenyika.

"Evening"

Papera chinguva, vanga mabasa yepakutanga rokutanga Zhukovsky, dzakadai elegy "Evening", zvakanyorwa muna 1806. Kunyange zvazvo nyanduri pachake manyorero haina zvakazara asi kuumbwa, achirova kuwirirana uye mimhanzi elegy mutauro. The Musoro "Evening" - zvinoreva upenyu, magumo evanhu. Yakanakisisa zvinhu muupenyu, maererano nyanduri, rudo uye ushamwari, kunaka hunhu. In elegy ichi vachiri kuoneka chaiwo tsika: kushandiswa mifologizm ( "Mwari ainzi Bacchus", "Zephyr", "Alpine", "Minvana") uye Slavonicisms ( "pana Brega," "Zlata", "oratai" and said.).

"Don Quixote", dzinonetsa nyaya

Mabasa Zhukovsky nokuda vana chinotanga akazviratidza muna 1804, rokutanga mavhoriyamu matanhatu shanduro Cervantes 'Don Quixote, "idzo akacherekedza kutaura melodic mutauro mhenyu Russian.

Muna 1808, Zhukovsky (makore chete 25) akava mukuru mupepeti mukuru "Bulletin of Europe", kuti mutsivi Karamzin. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvinotoda chaizvo, anonyora nyaya, ongororo, nhetembo, kutsoropodza essays. Kare nyanduri anotaura romanticism idzva akazvimirira negwara mabhuku Russian. Classic mitemo kuna Romanticism havachisiri zvinoshanda, zvinofanira kuongororwa panyaya "proportionality" uye "congruity" kuravira, manyorero kugarisana.

"Lyudmila"

Mabasa Genres Zhukovsky kwakaita vaisava elegies. Muna 1808 akabudisa wokutanga ballad - "Lyudmila", riri yepachena shanduro zvisikwa G. Burger, mudetembi German. basa iri zvinotora muverengi kupinda zvisingazivikanwi nyika mberi, inotyisa uye huchikwezva panguva imwecheteyo. Zvarongwa anotora muverengi yeMiddle Ages, panguva wokuLivonia yeHondo 16-17 emakore. Mutambi mukuru, Lyudmila, vakamirira mudiwa wake kubva kuhondo uye, pasina akamirira, anotanga kugunun'unira mugumo. Amai anoedza angarinyaradza, vachiti kuti "Paradhiso - aizvininipisa nokutsividza, gehena - vanopandukira mwoyo", uye anodana kuteerera kudenga. Zvisinei, Lyudmila vanorasikirwa nokutenda, uye inova yakawanda muhero panzvimbo inotarisirwa mibayiro.

"Svetlana"

Zvinobikwa "Svetlana" (Zhukovsky) - iri ballad yepakutanga, iyo yaisanganisira tsika Russian uye zvaunotenda.

The kufara chidimbu ichi, sezvo anodzivisa "Ludmilla", nomufaro, inopenya. The ballad akaisa zvinhu Russian ngano - podblyudnyh nziyo kutaura ( "mupfuri Skuy ini Zlat uye korona itsva", "runako wangu", "podruzhenka," "mufaro, chiedza chameso angu," "Crazy Chiedza" uye vamwe.). Svetlana zvakare anotarisira chikomba, asi, kusafanana Ekaterina pakupedzisira akasangana naye.

"Aeolian Harp"

Romantic mabasa Zhukovsky akaramba chisikwa "Aeolian Harp" (1814). It organically rinobatanidza ballad uye lyric nhetembo. Analysis basa pakati Zhukovsky akataura Belinsky, yake mafungiro, ari ballad "yakataura pfungwa yose, wose runako emura Zhukovsky dzorudo." The heroine haufi, uye anoenda kune dzimwe nyika, uko anobatana pakupedzisira naye anoda. Dvoemiriya kweshoko azara mabasa mazhinji inozivikanwa Zhukovsky, achipfuura ake ose.

"Singer mumusasa ..."

Patriotic Hondo 1812 vasingagoni kuva gore varege kukonzera mhinduro mumwoyo Nyanduri, uyo aiziva nayo akazvionera - Zhukovsky akatora Zvinoshingaira muna ruvengo ari chinzvimbo refutenendi, kurwira Motherland. Zvakaitika kuti nguva inopedzerwa kushanda, "Singer mumusasa nemasoja Russian", apo nyika dingindira iri kunyanya kuoma, nokuti zvose chokuita munyori ane ruzivo. The chikuru chebasa rakanyorwa pamberi pamberi hondo Tarutino. Nyanduri rinorumbidza ushingi uye vakashinga vanhu Russian, avo heroism uye ushingi chiso muvengi. Dzinoratidzwa pano odic yakatarwa, mutauro kutobaya, shandisa Slavonicisms, akadai "hondo", "hondo", "CE", "anoona", "zvavakaramba", uye vamwe. Basa riri kunyorwa mubatanidzwa trehstopnogo uye iambe tetrameter, yakanga kujairika panguva, ive ode izvi zvakanyorwa chete iambe tetrameter.

"Asingatsananguriki"

Pakafa Mashi Protasovoy, mudiwa uye neMuse, izvo nyanduri haina akabatana upenyu sezvo amai vomusikana aipikisa muchato wavo, Zhukovsky anotanga kuramba kufunga husingaperi, kudenga, uye ipapo usingaonekwi mumvuri vavariro munhetembo dzechitendero. Mabasa ndivo zvishoma yakasimba, dzimwe nguva mudetembi anoramba uye kubva kufarira manyorero kunyanyisa, uye kunyange senhetembo. It unopfachukira "zvakawandisa asingatsananguriki manzwiro" kuti akaedza kuratidza ari nhetembo "asingatsananguriki" (1819):

"All kwezvose mune rimwe mweya kukudyira;
Uye chete rakanyarara rinojekesa. "

Translations 20-30th.

Mugore 20-30-ies. mudetembi anosika ballads itsva uye shanduro. Nyaya iye akakwereta kuna Goethe ( "Shiri"), Schiller ( "Knight Togenburg", "Cup"), Scott ( "Castle Smeagolm kana Ivanova Evening") uye dzimwe vadetembi. Zhukovsky anoshandura kuti "The Lay pamusoro Igor", "Shinonsky musungwa" Byron (1818-1822), "Maid pamusoro Orleans" Schiller uye Goethe anofarira, uyo aikwanisa kusangana munhu muna 1821, apo nyanduri wokutanga akaita rwendo kunze.

Recent mabasa Zhukovsky

Recent ballads Zhukovsky muri shanduro nhetembo "Rustam uye Zohrab" uye "nechomukati uye Damayanti", umo iye anoyeuka nokusingaperi. ballads izvi kuridza ano zvikuru, sezvo zvakanyorwa vakasununguka ndima uye inosanganisira zvinovhiringidza misoro. Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, vane mabasa akanga asina zvishoma yepakutanga, kazhinji akakwereta motifs uye misoro kubva kune dzimwe vanyori.

Chete pazera 58, muna 1841, mudetembi pakupedzisira akawana mhuri nokuroora Elizabeth Reitern. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva pashure kumuchato, Elizabeth akarwara, uye mhuri nokuda rakasungwa utano wake vakaenda Germany. Pano Zhukovsky kurwara, asi akaramba kushanda.

Muna 1851, Zhukovsky akanyora elegy "Tsarskoye tiiviste Swan", iro rinopera rufu nejichidza, kamwe vaigara Tsarskoye tiiviste. basa iri kuburikidza autobiographical, allegorically, asi rinotiudza chaizvo zvechokwadi nyaya inosuruvarisa njodzi nyanduri, rakapona nguva yake uye pachake.

Mugore iroro akatanga kuti zvitungamirire (sezvo abate chinyoreso vasingagoni) nhetembo yake yokupedzisira "kutsvakatsvaka muJudha", yavivshuyusya mugumisiro basa yose munyori yepakutanga. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti yakaramba konekwa.

April 12, 1852 Zhukovsky vakafira muguta wokuGermany Baden-Baden.

Mabasa Zhukovsky vakauya kubva nguva chekare uye mabhuku fambisa rechitatu remakore rechi19 rokutanga, vakabvuma dzinoverengeka zvenzara nyaya nguva uye zvakasimbisa kukura mabhuku mugwara idzva - mune kudanana nzira.