Mali (nyika). Country muWest Africa

Mumwe nyika ine zvizhinji zvinonakidza uye mashoko. On umwe wavo anogona kuudza chaizvo. Kunyanya kana iri nyika kure cup. Somuenzaniso, muAfrica Republic Mali. Chii chinofanira kuziva nezvazvo kutanga?

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Tsvaka pamepu Mali anogona kuva kumavirira kondinendi African. The nyika anopindura kusvika hafu yemiriyoni sikweya makiromita, kana panzvimbo - 1.24. Zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri pakati pavo zvakabatikana nemvura, uye navamwe - nyika. Size munyika inogona kuva pfungwa iri nani kana uchiziva kuti akafanana Republic of South Africa kana kaviri Texas. Kureba muganhu ndiyo zvinomwe namazana maviri namakumi mana navatatu makiromita. Kumavirira nyika Senegal, kuchamhembe - Algeria uye Mauritania, kumabvazuva ndivo Niger uye Burkina Faso, kumaodzanyemba Mali - nyika kuCôte d'Ivoire, kare sezvo ari Ivory Coast, uye Guinea.

Guru uye nharaunda

Sezvo chero nyika, muna Mali pane kunzwisisa hurongwa administrative kupesana. On zviri on munharaunda kumatunhu masere. A vakaparadzana chikwata ndiro guta guru Mali - Bamako. Areas vari rakakamurwa maruwa, inova nyika maviri namakumi masere navasere. Kuwedzera administrative weboka, panewo nenzvimbo. Nature Mali rakakamurwa munzvimbo huru shanu. Ndiyo kurenje rwokumusoro mamiriro, kuchinja nharaunda - Sahel, zviviri mhando savanna uye nzvimbo rwizi Delta Niger.

Water dziva

Kudeuka rwizi ndiye Niger, inoyerera kubva Guinea, ayambuka miganhu Mali uye chinotungamirwa kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. Maererano dzakawanda mapazi, migero uye madhamu, uye marshes. Muna Delta zvivako kuti kubvumira kugovera mvura yokudiridzira. Sezvo Republic of Mali iri munzvimbo panzvimbo yakaoma nharaunda, kuvapo hydraulic okugadzira nokuti zvikuru. Part kubata kudiridza Mipata inodzokorora nhoroondo uchiongorora Niger. In kumavirira, kunewo rwizi Senegal, inova nemhaka kwemapazi Bako uye Bafing. In kwayo Delta ndiyo yakadereresa pfungwa iri Mali. Nyika zvakare dzinoratidzwa nhamba zvikomo. Ari kumadokero sandstone makomo inova furemu rokumusoro bheseni pakati Niger naBhani, ndiro imwe rechibharo.

makomo

Kuwedzera sandstone ebani, mundima uye dzimwe nzvimbo nokusimudza goko pasi. Zvikurukuru kwakaziviswa makomo pakati maguta Gao uye Mopti. Kumabvazuva, yokupedzisira ine Ostantsovy mitsetse inonzi Hombori. The yakakwirira ndiye gomo rimwe chiuru chimwe namakumi mashanu navashanu mamita. Ichi chinyorwa kwete chete mumitsetse, asi nyika yose. Chimwe chikuru pakukwirira kwemupata ndiye Adrar of Ifoghas.

uswa

Pasinei utsinye inopisa kunozivisa Africa, Mali anogona kuzvirumbidza zvakasiyana kasvisto. Vazhinji nzvimbo akafuka siyana nemiti uye rekushongedzesa. On mundima Sahel pane nemiakasia, nemichindwe mhando nezvokuparadzwa, baobabs, Nerusi kapokovye miti, shea ruomba, Ceiba, mhuka plums nezvimwe zvekumwe kusarudza. In rwezasi, pane yemichindwe rone, wokuSenegal Hayani, chirwere, akasiyana-siyana herbaceous zvirimwa.

mhuka nyika

Fauna Mali chaizvo incredible kusiyana. In ndima kumatunhu mugwenga ndiyo inonyanya guru mharapara - Oryx, Addax, nemhara, cheetahs, twiza uye mitsetse mapere. In nemapani inogarwa warthogs - African wild nguruve uye zvakasiyana-siyana pazvikara - hwamakava, shumba uye mbada. Common zvayo. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinoderedza mari nzou zvachose. Wandei kukosha ndiyo nzizi uye madhamu kuti Mali. Nyika iri kuita hove hove, runoonekwa chinokosha Nile knot, hunonziwo "Captain." Nevakawanda kumiririrwa zvipembenene - nyuchi, umhutu, mujuru, inda. Vazhinji mhando vane ngozi mhuka uye utano hwevanhu. Protection zvinomera nemhuka ehurumende ari mubishi kuita National Park rinonzi Boucle weZimbabwe Baoulé National Park.

zviwanikwa

Ose zvinhu zvaidikanwa kushingaira kusimudzira ehurumende, tsime kumiririrwa munharaunda Mali. The nyika unozvikudza deposits kuti simbi dzinokosha uye matombo - vari mined goridhe uye mangoda. Uyewo, zvimbambaira kunogona kuonekwa Mali mhangura, bauxite, manganese, uranium exchange, girenayiti, lithium, tafura munyu. Pane munyika uye kaolin ivhu.

okunze

Nyika iri achitsva Continental bhendi. Kurutivi rwezasi, inova guta guru Mali, okunze ndiko subequatorial. Pane rakatumbuka mwaka yakaoma uye kuchinaya. Wokutanga kunotora November kusvika June, uye wechipiri - kubva Chikunguru kuna October. Mumwaka munyika iri hunodzorwa kuchamhembe-easterly mhepo kuti anokonzera sandstorms. Pakati Mali, Bamako, pane zvinoorora tembiricha nokufamba mukati zuva rimwe - manheru, usiku uye mangwanani mangwanani vari inotonhorera, uye masikati iri lämpömittari anopfuura matatu inosiyana kupisa. Nharaunda iri mundima Sahara vari harmattan mhepo, dutu-simba anosiyana. The tembiricha pano kunosvika mana namashanu inosiyana kupisa. Kunonyanyisa kunayisa wakasiyana wokumaodzanyemba mundima - rikawira pano chiuru millimeters pagore. Munyika, pane kugara kwemvura. mazana maviri namakumi matatu - In, guta Timbuktu Sahara nharaunda Falls zana nemakumi mashanu millimeters pagore.

Vanhu Mali

Vanenge zana muzana chinomiririrwa negroid. Chete vamwe kuchamhembe munzvimbo pane vamiririri reMediterranean mhando kuvaRungu - maArab Tuaregs. Chaizvo kusiyana kwemarudzi ose Mali - kuvanhu vemakumi. Vazhinji vavo ndezvaJehovha Niger-Kord-Fann mutauro mhuri, munewo vamiririri West Atlantic, uye Afro-asiatic Voltskaya. Zvikuru vanhu vazhinji vari Bambara, inotsigira mutauro rakajairika. boka iri dzinza zvinogona kuwanikwa nechepakati chikamu nyika. The inotevera iri Malinke nevamiririri kumavirira. Kufanana yapfuura mumwe, vanhu vari kunyanya kuita zvokurima uye mombe maberekero.

Agriculture uye Senufo ngaararame, uye mande. Pamahombekombe Niger yaigarwa Songhai vaiita runochengeta mombe maberekero. In chinonyanya kuenzana dziri dogon kurarama zvinoshamisa kubudirira mune zvokurima rinonyanya vaitambura munzvimbo. Special panotaurwa kuwana Tuaregs. Izvi vanhu anongofamba kubva kumabvazuva. MaArab vari mumabasa mombe maberekero uye kutengeserana munzvimbo Lake Faguibine uye Sahara. Pasinei chokwadi kuti rudzi urwu haisi rakajairika, chine zvikuru zvachinoita pavanamati kukura ehurumende. Saka chitendero yevaMuslim vakawaridza pasi dzavo simba, uye akava kusarudza ruzhinji.

dzinza Fulani unofadza. In chitarisiko chavo Chine zviratidzo Negroid uye Caucasoid rudzi. Vane chiedza shava ganda. Fulani vanogara Atlantic mhenderekedzo munharaunda yacho Sahel, uyewo muna Niger Delta. Vagari hauomereri tsika vaMuslim, inochengetedza zvetsika. Vanhu vanonamata zvinomera, mhuka, matombo, uyewo kukudza midzimu yemadzitateguru. Zvinofadza kuti vamwe vanhu vanogamuchira Islam, asi vane zvimwe zvitendero zvechihedheni. Country dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira prices zvokuwedzera kwevanhu - nhamba vagari kunowedzera okupedzisira namashanu, anopfuura maviri muzana pagore. Chinenge hafu yavanhu - pasi makore gumi namashanu, uye vamiririri mudyandigere zera - hapana anopfuura matanhatu muzana.

National Symbols Mali

Independence nyika yawana kudaro kare. Okufananidzira akazviratidza muna 1961, mushure nyika yakaguma kuva chikamu munharaunda French. Mureza rinoshandiswa sezvo padandemutande iri muchimiro quadrilateral, wakareba rinoreva noupamhi ari reshiyo matatu kusvika maviri. Rinoshandiswa panyika nokuda kuruzhinji, vehurumende uye vemauto zvinangwa. Mureza muzvikamu zvitatu kutwasuka nokurohwa zvakaenzana saizi. Flagstaff ari chiedza mitema bhendi, musimboti - rakajeka yero, asi aine unopinza - red. Wokutanga chiratidzo tariro, minda uye mafuro, kurima, iro upfumi rinovimba. Uyezve, chiratidzo tinyanye utsanzi uye mazuvaano. Yellow akacherekedza chicherwa pfuma kuti ndezvaMwari wese munyika. Pakupedzisira, tsvuku - chiratidzo hondo rusununguko uye rusununguko. Kare, nyuchi aiva French mureza jira, vaisanganisa ne munhu mutema Kanaga. mufananidzo uyu murume vakwira pamwe vatsigiri pfungwa exclusivity vatema. Musaruraganda mufananidzo abviswa kwokufananidzira muna 1961. kugomo, asi hapana chiratidzo mureza mavara. Zviri yebhuruu dhisiki pamusoro iyo akapendwa chena norukodzi uta nemiseve, wakakwana korona.