Mammoth tree: tsanangudzo, mifananidzo, zvinonakidza

Muchikamu chino, tinoda kutaura pamusoro pemhando ipi yechishamiso iyi muti mukuru? Vaya vanotanga kuzviona, zvinoratidzika kuti ndeyemashiripiti, sekunge pane imwe nhau. Asi chaizvoizvo chimiro chikuru hachisi chinhu chinopfuura giant sequoiadendron.

Kubva munhau ...

Mammoth miti ine simba guru, kunze kwayo matavi ayo akafanana nemamashita chaiwo . Zvirimwa zviduku zvinosvika kureba kwemamita gumi, uye zvimwe zvienzaniso zvinokura kusvika mamita 110. Sezviri pachena, sequoia ine nguva yakareba kwenguva refu, nokuti masango emiti yakadaro yaivepo kunyange munguva yei dinosaurs. Mune dzimwe nguva dziri kure dzakapararira pasi rose. Iye zvino mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo vanokura chete kuchamhembe kweCalifornia uye mumakomo eSierra Nevada.

Izvo zvakaoma kwazvo kuziva kuti mavhareji emakore emiti yakakura, inoratidza kuti haisi pasi pemakumi emakumi mana emakore, kunyange zvazvo makore emamwe mapikicha anosvikawo makore gumi nezviuru.

Mushure mekunge kuwanikwa kwemiti mikuru nevaEurope, yakachinja zita racho kazhinji. Bhuku reBritish rinonzi Lindley rakatumidza muti weWenington (mushure meDuke weWellington), uye veAmerica vakati mbeu yacho inonzi Washington (mukukudza Mutungamiri weWashington). Asi mazita aya atogoverwa kune mamwe mimwe michero, saka muna 1939 muti wacho wainzi sequojadendron.

Sequoiaadendron giant: tsanangudzo

Sequoiaadendron ndeyemhando yemarudzi ose anogara arigreen coniferous emudzimai weCypress. Kutaura kwokutanga kwemiti yakadaro pakati peEurope kunotangira kare muna 1833. Parizvino, muti mukuru uyu ndiwo akakwirira munyika yose. Inonziwo "mahogany". Chimiro chacho chine bluish-ruvara rutsvuku uye maruva-tsvuku-mavara, iyo yakareba inopfuura 60 masentimita, iyo inoita kuti muti usagadzikana nechando. Kureba kwe sequojadendron kunopfuura mamita zana, uye hupamhi hwetori muchengeti mamita gumi. Inosvika kurema kwechirume chakadaro - zvinenge zviuru zviviri zvitanhatu. Chimiro chakadaro chegorosi chinokura kusvika mamita 750 pamusoro pegungwa. Pakati pePacific Ocean pamahombekombe eCalifornia.

Hukuru hukuru hwe sequoias hunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo miti yakawanda kwazvo yezvisikwa, uyewo zvipenyu zvikurusa zvikuru. Pakati pavo kune miti inenge 50 ine urefu hwemamita anopfuura 105. Muti mukuru kupfuura nhasi uno anenge makore 3500. Zvinonakidza kuti pamatori aya makuru ane zvipenyu zvavo. Pano, lichens nemimwe michina miduku, mhuka nezvisikwa zvinorarama zvakanaka.

Pazera duku, miti mikuru inokura zvikuru (10-20 masentimita pagore). Vano vane korona yakafanana, yakakomba korona, gare gare inova yakanyarara uye yakakwirira. Nezera, matavi anongowanikwa pamusoro peti. Mashizha ediki ane ruvara rwebhuruu-ruvara.

Muchimwe munhu mukuru, bark tsvuku-tsvuku yakawanda kwazvo uye yakanyorova, inoparadzaniswa kubva pachiganda nemagetsi. Nyeredzi dzinoramba dzichitsvaira kusvika kumakore mana. Miti yacho inokura muna April-May.

Zviratidzo zvemuti mukuru

Mammoth miti ine huni hunokosha, iyo inonyanya kukoshesa pakati pematombo ane ruvara rutsvuku uye nyeupe sapwood (kana kuti yakajeka yellow). Iyo bark ye sequoia inoshamisa kwazvo, yakatsvuka nemisara yakadzika pamusoro, inogadzikana inodzivirira simiti kubva kunze kwezvinhu.

Iyo huni yakasimba yei giants haigoni kuora, ndiyo chikonzero miti yakatanga kuparadzwa munyika yekumusha kubva panguva yegorggers neyekutanga vanoongorora. Kusvikira ikozvino, hapana mienzaniso inopfuura 500 yakapona, iyo iri pasi pekuchengetedzwa uye inonzi inodzivirirwa.

Sequoiaadendron inofananidzwa seimwe yezvisikwa zvekare-kare pasi pano. Inogona kukura makore anopfuura 2 000. Uyu muti wakakura unosvika makore mazana mana kusvika kuzana mashanu.

Ndeipi iyo sequoia inokura kupi?

Kana tichitaura pamusoro pekunge muti wemuti unokura, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti muCretaceous, zvakadai sezvirimwa zvakasvibirira zvakaparadzirwa munzvimbo yose yekuchamhembe kwehemisphere. Asi zvino zviduku zvakasara zvemasango zvakachengetedzwa chete mune imwe nzvimbo shoma yeNorth America. Miti inokura mutsara wakamanikana uri pedyo negungwa rePacific. Kureba kwemuvara uyu hakusi makiromita 720. Uye iri panzvimbo yakakwirira mamita 600-900 pamusoro pegungwa. Sequoia (chinyorwa chinoratidzwa munyaya yacho) chiri mudambudziko rakaoma yemamiriro okunze anonaya, uye naizvozvo iyo yakareba kure iyo inogona kubvisa kubva kumhenderekedzo makiromita makumi mana, yakasara munzvimbo yehuwandu hwemhepo ine mvura yakanyorova. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, hazvigoni kuvapo.

Mammoth tree: zvinonakidza chokwadi

Muti wakawa wakafa we sequoia hauparari , asi unoenderera mberi kukura, uchishandisa maruva ayo nokuda kweizvi. Kana pasina munhu kana chimwe chinhu chichivadzivirira, ipapo mushure mechinguva vachatendeuka kuva miti yakazvimirira. Mazhinji emapoka emiti iyi akaumbwa nenzira yakadaro. Mhuri imwe neimwe yakadai yemiti inoumbwa kubva kune vasina kusara yemadzitateguru. Sezvo mutemo, miriwo miduku inokura yakakomberedza tsvina yekare, ichiita denderedzwa. Kana iwe uchiongorora zvinyorwa zvemajini, iwe unogona kuona kuti zvakafanana nechitsipa, uye kumuti wose.

Mammoth giant ine unhu humwe chete - kukwira munguva dzinopisa kwete pine zvigunwe chete, asiwo mapazi ose. Nenzira yakadaro inonakidza, anononoka kumoto.

Miti mikuru yakasara kusvikira nhasi ine mazita avo. Saka, pane "General Sherman", "Baba veMasango", "General Grant" nevamwe. Muti mukuru "Baba veMasango" haasisipo, asi tsanangudzo yaro yakachengetedzwa, iyo inozivikanwa kuti mbeu yacho yakasvika mamita 135 muhupamhi, uye upamhi hwetori muzasi hwaiva mamita gumi nemaviri.

Asi sequoia (chinyorwa chinopiwa munyaya yacho) "General Sherman" ane urefu hwemasita anenge 83. Inofungidzirwa kuti muti wacho une mamita makumi mashanu emakiromita ematanda akaisvonaka, uye trunk iri pachigadziko rine mamita mamita 11. Kuti atakure muti wakadai, unotora motokari yemotokari 25.

Ndekupi kwandingaona iyo redwoods?

Kuti uone kuti muti wakareba sei, haufaniri kutamira kune rimwe kondinendi, ingoshanyira Nikitsky Botanical Garden muCrimea (iri kuSouth Coast). Miti miviri mikuru inokura pamaketeni echitanhatu neyechinomwe cheUpper Arboretum Park. Rimwe rayo rinosvika mamita 42,5 pakureba, uye mutsara we trunk ndiwo 610 masentimita. Zvose zvirimwa zvakasimwa muna 1886, uye mbeu yembeu yeramangwana yakawanikwa muna 1881. Zvakaoma kufungidzira, asi nhasi makore emiti makore 136.

Timber

Sezvatatotaura kare, sequoia ine huni hwakanaka uye panguva imwechete inokura zvakaringana. Saka, panguva ino yakakura mumasango. Zvigadziko zvisinganzwisisiki, zvakasara, zvisina kuora zvinowanzoshandiswa sekuvaka nekuveza. Kubva pairi, fenicha, tereferi, matara, matombo, mapepa anoitwa. Kunyanya kusakwana kwekunhuhwirira kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuishandisa muzvokudya neyekutengesa fodya. Kubva mauri, mabhokisi nemabhokisi efivha nemidzanga, mapuranga euchi anoitwa.

Mukuwedzera, sequoia inoshandiswawo semuti wemiti yekushongedza, kudyara muminda, mapaki uye nzvimbo. Yakatora midzi munyika dzakawanda dzenyika, kusanganisira kumaodzanyemba-kumaodzanyemba kweEurope, apo mbeu yacho yakaiswa mukati mezana remakore rechi19.

Panzvimbo yemushure

Mammoth tree - chimiro chinoshamisa uye chikuru chinouya kwatiri kubva pakadzika kwemazana emakore. Pamwe chete nemhare dzakadai, murume anoita sechisikwa chiduku chinoshamisa, asi panguva imwechete iyo yaiva simba revanhu raive nemigumisiro yakaipisisa kuwanda kwezvibereko izvi zvinoshamisa. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvino zvisingakwanisi kudzorera yakawanda yeminda yemiti yemammoth, basa rechizvarwa chezvino chiri kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvekare zvekare uye kudzivirira rufu rwavo.