Marsilio Ficino - muzivi, mufundisi uye musayendisiti, chinoshamisa anofunga pamusoro Renaissance

Marsilio Ficino (Makore oupenyu - 1433-1499) akaberekerwa pedyo Florence, mutaundi Figline. Akadzidza paYunivhesiti Florence. Pano akadzidza mushonga uye uzivi. Uzivi Marsilio Ficino, uyewo zvimwe zviri Biography ake zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Marsilio anonyora pakutanga pakati 50s Zana remakore rechi15, ake akazvimiririra mabasa ekutanga, dzakanga kwakaratidzwa pokudzora pfungwa vazivi siyana kare. Papera chinguva akanga kudzidza Greek uye akatanga kudzidza shanduro. Ficino pamakore aya, vachiva munyori Kozimo Medichi, musoro Florentine zvokuvhoterwa.

Mufananidzo Marsilio Ficino

Marsilio zvavo ari generalized nzira, rudzi chiratidzo humanistic uzivi, maonerwo yakavhenganiswa akasiyana siyana kwouzivi uye zvechitendero netsika. Sezvo mupristi wechechi yeKaturike (Ficino pazera makore 40 akagadzwa), aifarira pfungwa nevafungi yekare, vamwe mharidzo yake vakazvitsaurira "Plato raMwari" (mufananidzo pasi apa), kunyange kuisa imba pamberi ake bust kenduru. Akanga avimbiswa panguva imwechete uye vaiita kuti Ficino. Izvi zvinopesana, zvingaita sokuti, nokuti kunaka muzivi nekusiyana, vakanga vasingasiyani.

Ficino - a humanist

Ficino akaratidza zvakajeka basa rake chikuru chepfungwa humanist kufamba, nokuti, kufanana vakawanda vamiririri zvinotevera yakareba, aidavira kuti pokumuka nevatambi vatsva kunobvira chete kana apiwa unoruramiswa nokutenda kwechiKristu tichibatsirwa mashiripiti uye tiwane pfungwa kare, uyewo nokuda pfungwa Plato, uyo aionekwa mutsivi Zoroaster, Orpheus uye Hermes Trismegistus. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa pano kuti Ficino, uyewo mamwe kwevanhu Platonic uzivi uye Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza vaiva dzidziso chete. Chete muzana remakore rechi19 kokutanga vakaziva musiyano vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza uye Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza.

shanduro mabasa

Marsilio Ficino, une zvinhu zvakawanda, akambomisa zvinotevera zvikuru zvitatu mhando. Akava nomukurumbira zvikurukuru sezvo mushanduri. Mumakore 1462-1463 aiva Marsilio rakashandurwa aitwa Hermes Trismegistus anoshanda yechiLatin, uye "Comments kuna Zoroaster," uye "Hymns of Orpheus." Mumakore akatevera namashanu akabudisa muchiLatin dzinenge dzose nhaurirano dzaPlato uye Plotinus, uye vazivi akazotevera yekare "Areopagitica" (makore 80-90 ari rechi15).

zvinyorwa ouzivi

Imwe nzvimbo yebasa Ficino yakanga yakabatana nouzivi. Zvaakasika mabasa maviri: "The Platonic Theology yokusafa kwomweya" uye "On chitendero chechiKristu." Ficino, kwakavakirwa mabasa rakanyorwa Hermes Trismegistus, vaiti chikuru nzendo kukura uzivi ngapaonekwe se "zvakazarurwa", saka zvarinoreva ndiko kugadzirira mweya yevanhu omumwe kuzarurirwa.

dzechitendero

Florentine anofunga, Chokwadi, haana kuudza uzivi uye chitendero, sedzimwe vazivi vakawanda rechi15. Maererano naye, kuchibva yekare rakavanzika dzidziso. The naMwari Logos sezvo zvakazarurwa akapiwa Zoroaster, Orpheus uye Hermes Trismegistus. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru ataure yeruzivo naMwari chakavanzika akachinjirwa Plato uye Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras. Kuonekwa kwake munyika Iisus Hristos mudzidziso kare muupenyu Logos, Shoko. Iyewo akaudza vanhu vose chizaruro naMwari.

Somugumisiro, dzidziso dzechiKristu, uye uzivi yekare zvacho zvakafanana tsime - the Logos Divine. Nokuti chinonyanya Ficino saka kudzidza uzivi uye mabasa revapristi kunobvumirwa ane reupenyu uye mhedziso kubatana. Aidavira, uyezve, kuti zvakakosha kutanga zvimwe kwouzivi uye zvechitendero pfungwa, nokubatanidza dzidziso Plato, vekare mystique Matsvene.

Pfungwa yokuti 'chitendero yezvisikwa "

In Ficino maererano pfungwa iyi, Yaunoti yokuti chitendero nokudenga. Aidavira kuti Mwari pakutanga akapa nyika rechitendero chokwadi kuti nokuda nokusakwana kwevanhu havagoni kunzwisisa kusvikira pakuguma, saka nokusika ose ezvitendero zviduku. Edza kutaura naye uye kuti akasiyana-siyana nevafungi, rinomiririra dzinokosha zvokukura pakukura uzivi. Asi zvose zvinotendwa izvi uye pfungwa - chete kuratidzwa ane "chitendero zvakasikwa" kuroorwa. chokwadi Divine muchiKristu Vakawana zvechokwadi uye yakarurama okuti.

Ficino, vachitsvaka yokuburitsa zvinoreva uye zviri "yezvisikwa chitendero" tinofanira Neoplatonic zano. Maererano naye, nyika rinoumbwa zvinotevera shanu yomuropa: nyaya, unhu (kana chimiro), mweya mutumwa, Mwari (vachikwira). Higher dzisiri pfungwa dziri Mwari nengirozi. Vane magumo, chisingaoneki, chisingafi, indivisible. Nyaya uye unhu - saka dzakaderera pfungwa chokuita nenyika chaiyo havabvumirwi muchadenga, unofa, kwenguva pfupi severable.

The huru uye chete kubatana pakati rezasi uye yakakwirira kwevari aripo inomira mweya. Iye, maererano Ficino, ndizvo rwakakoshwa, sezvo ane vatatu: mweya zvipenyu, mweya muchadenga uye mweya wenyika. Zvinobva kuna Mwari, zvarinoraramisa zvokunyama nyika. Chaizvoizvo anoimba Marsilio Ficino mweya, vachiti ndicho chisungo zvose, kubva apo ukaiswa mumwe, haaregi pamwe nezvimwe. Kazhinji, zvose mweya, uye anotsigira zvinhu zvose. Naizvozvo Ficino hunomuti hondo uye boka kwenyika, chiso zvose, murevereri zvose, hunhu centre.

On hwaro ichi, zvinova pachena nei zvikuru kutarisirwa akabhadhara Marsilio mweya wacho. Vanobatisisa naMwari, ndiko kunzwisisa yake "muviri vatenzikadzi", Rinotarisira izvozvo. Saka, zivo mweya wake anofanira chikuru basa romumwe munhu.

Musoro yevanhu

Topic musimboti munhu wacho Ficino mberi munhaurirano "rudo Platonic". Iye zvinoreva rudo zvekare muna Mwari zvenyama, munhu chaiyeiye ane pfungwa nezvazvo. Ficino, sezvakatenderanwa Christian Neo-Platonic pfungwa, anoti zvinhu zvose zviri munyika kunobva Mwari uye vadzoke kwaari. Saka, pazvose unofanira kuda Musiki. Ipapo vanhu vachakwanisa kusimuka kuti rudo rwaMwari muzvinhu zvose.

murume Rwechokwadi uye pfungwa kwayo, saka - mumwe. Asi pasi hakuna munhu wechokwadi, nokuti vanhu vose vanoparadzaniswa mumwe uye kubva pachavo. Pano anopinda simba rudo naMwari, kuburikidza iyo tinogona kuuya upenyu chaihwo. Kana zvichaita dzokerana vose vanhu vaikwanisa kuwana kwavo nzira pfungwa. Naizvozvo, rudo Mwari, vanhu vanova mudiwa kwavari.

mukurumbira chaizvo muzana remakore rechi15 rakanga mharidzo "rudo platonic" uye "chitendero zvakasikwa". Iye zvabatwa uye gare gare vazhinji Western nevafungi kukumbira kwahwo.

The yekutanga "On Life"

Muna 1489 Ficino wezvokurapa bhuku "On Life" yakabudiswa, umo akavimba mitemo hwenyeredzi, uyewo mamwe vamiririri Renaissance. Hwaro vanachiremba nachiremba panguva sehofisi kudavira kuti zviratidzo zvenyeredzi dziri pasi nhengo dzemuviri, uye pamwe mapuraneti siyana dzinoitwa unhu hwakasiyana. Rakanga akagoverana kubudikidza nevafungi vazhinji Renaissance. Opus aida kuti masayendisiti, uyo, nokuti vanoshingaira zveBhaibheri kazhinji kuwira kuora mwoyo kana kurwara. Ficino Anovayambira kudzivisa zvicherwa, mhuka, miriwo, zvinomera, kuva Saturn (nyika ine ichi melancholic nevakwegura, unhu), kuti vakombe pamwe zvinhu zvine chokuita Venus, Jupiter uye zuva pachavo. Mufananidzo Mercury, sezvo aiti nokuda anofunga, anovandudza pakuyeuka uye ungwaru. Anogonawo dzinga fivha, kana anoiswa pamuti.

Zvichireva basa Ficino

The nevafungi of Renaissance zvikuru akaisa Marsilio. Akaita mupiro mukuru kune tsika Florence, wokupedzisira rechitatu remakore rechi15, kunyanya kukura itsva mhando vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza. Pakati shamwari dzake vaiva vamiririri guru Renaissance siyana kusango vazivi, vezvematongerwe enyika, vananyanduri, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, uye zvimwe unhu vakakurumbira.

Kuburikidza Ficino ezvinhu ndaishanda dzakawanda eupenyu Florence womudzimu, kunyanya pamusoro ziso Arts, nekuti panguva iyoyo, vatengi kazhinji zvawanikwa mabhuku chirongwa mabasa. Kufurirwa pfungwa dzake zvinogona kurondwa kudzokera "Kuzvarwa Venus" uye "Spring" by Botticelli, "Pan" Signorelli, uyewo dzakatevedzana mifananidzo "Nhoroondo Vulcan" Piero od Cosimo, uye nevamwe. Zvinoratidza navo uye zvimwe nhoroondo uzivi. Muchidimbu hatina akarondedzera Biography uye pfungwa anofunga ichi uye nhasi zviri zvikuru.