Masero Glial. Mabasa uye zvinhu masero glial

Tsinga ine kwete Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu vavo kwendangariro. 40% chinomiririrwa masero glial, izvo basa rinokosha muupenyu hwake. Ivo chaizvoizvo kutadzisa uropi uye tsinga kubva vamwe muviri zvinwiwa uye nechokwadi ayo zvionera oparesheni, kuti ndizvo here kukosha vanhu uye dzimwe mhuka pamwe nechepakati tsinga. Uye masero glial vanokwanisa kugovana chii chinoita kuti vakasiyana Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu.

The vakawanda yokuti glia

Set masero glial inonzi glia. Ino chaiyo muchitokisi vanhu, zviri nechepakati tsinga uye arikunze. Ivo vanotsigira uropi uye musana chimiro, uyewo kugoverwa paro muviri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti nechepakati tsinga nokuda pamberi kweropa uropi mhinganidzo, vane zvirwere mhinduro. Zvisinei, kubatana yokumwe antigen muuropi kana musana, uyewo ari cerebrospinal mvura glial masero, akaderedza macrophage analogue peripheral munyama, phagocytose izvozvo. Uyezve, ndiye nekupatsanurwa kubva peripheral munyama uropi anopa neuroglia.

Immune kudzivirirwa uropi

Uropi, zvinotora yakawanda nokukanganisika siyana, uye nokudaro dzinoumba guru immunogenic zvinhu, zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa pamusoro humoral kutapata. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti neuronal zvinyama uropi kwazvo nehanya zvakakanganisika, pashure iyo Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu vari rakadzorerwa chete aoma. Saka, pakuonekwa nzvimbo nechepakati tsinga, izvo zvichaita naHama vemo masoja mhinduro, uye ndichagumisa rufu vamwe akapoteredza masero kana Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu demyelination pezvakaitwa.

On arikunze muviri wakaremara masero somatic achakurumidza uchazadzwa yakanga ichangotangwa. Uye uropi kudzorera vakarasika kushanda dzouropi hazvibviri. Zvino ichikutadzisa ari neuroglia uropi kubvira kuonana dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri, nokuti iyo musimboti tsinga - akawandisa dzimwe maantigen.

Kupatsanura masero glial

Masero Glial vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri, zvichienderana Morphology uye mavambo. masero Microglial secrete uye macroglia. The mhando masero rokutanga zvinobva mesodermal papepa. masero ichi duku dzakawanda pezvakaitwa vanokwanisa phagocytose nezvishoma. Macroglia - rinobva of ectoderm. Glial masero macroglia rakakamurwa marudzi vanoverengeka zvichienderana Morphology. Govera masero ependymal uye astrocytic uye oligodendrocytes. Mhando idzi foni vanhu vari rakakamurwa marudzi anoverengeka.

Ependymal glia

Masero Ependymal glia inowanikwa zvakananga nzvimbo nechepakati tsinga. Vanoumba endothelial lining pakati ventricles uropi uye nechepakati musana Canal. yakatangira embryogenesis vanotora kubva ectoderm, uye saka inomiririra chaiye neuroepithelium mhando. Ndiye multi-layered uye anoita dzinoverengeka mabasa:

• bhuku: chinhu zvokuimba puranga ventricles, rinova kunotsigirwa ari hydrostatic aomerwa ari cerebrospinal mvura;
• secretory Anosarudza nezvinobata zvimwe makemikari;
• panoparadzana: anoparadzanisa uropi kubva CSF.

mhando ependimotsitov

Pakati ependimotsitov ine maonero ayo. It ependimotsity 1st uye 2nd hurongwa uye tanitsity. The kwokutanga chimiro (basal) Kamudzira ependymal rukoko rokutanga uye rechipiri rukoko ependimotsity nhema pamusoro padzo. Zvakakosha kuti ependymal glia 1st kuti munyaya nokuumbwa gematoglificheskogo chipingamupinyi (pakati dzomunyika ezvinhu ari ventricles ropa uye). Ependimotsity 2nd kuti vave villi nezvatinovavarira nenzira magetsi CSF. Uyewo pane tanitsity izvo zvinoumba Kanotokonya masero.

Ivo dziri mune lateral zvikamu nechepasi wechitatu ventricle. Kuva microvilli pamusoro apical rutivi uye imwe basal muitiro, vanogona nekufambisa mashoko pamusoro Kuronga Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ose CSF Urume. Nokudaro pacharo nezvinobata kuburikidza vakawanda duku mutswe mawindo ependimotsitami pakati 1st uye 2nd kurongeka angawa zvakananga Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ependyma chinokosha mhando epithelium. A dzichipfekeka asi kwete morphological analogue kuti arikunze muviri - the endothelium rwengarava ropa.

oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes - marudzi masero glial kuti vakombe Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye muitiro. Zvinowanika nechepakati tsinga, uyewo pedyo peripheral uye autonomic tsinga yakavhenganiswa. Sami oligodendrocytes masero polygonal takashongedzerwa pamwe 1-5 mapazi. Ivo vakati yepasi nemumwe, nevamwe Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kubva womukati zvakatipoteredza uye kupa mamiriro ezvinhu tsinga conduction uye kufamba kweropa chizvarwa. Kune mhando nhatu oligodendrocytes, iyo yakasiyana Morphology:

• chakagadzirwa Sero yaiva kumativi sero muviri chepfungwa;
• Fri keji wakakomberedza muviri dzouropi iri peripheral ganglia;
• Schwann masero kufukidza neuronal outgrowth wake mufananidzo, kuti myelin mumuhara.

Oligodendrotsitarnye masero glial zvinowanikwa uropi uye musana, uye peripheral tsinga. Uyezve, hazvina kuzivikanwa chii akasiyana akagara muchitokisi centre. Yandakapiwa majini zvinhu mumasero zvose muviri, asi pabonde, zvakafanana, zvingangoita kuti oligodendrocytes anogona wezvikamu kutsiva mumwe. oligodendrocyte basa sezvinotevera:

• rutsigiro;
• kuputira;
• voga;
• trophic.

astrocytes

Astrocytes - a glial uropi masero anoumba uropi fuma. Vane nyeredzi serin'i uye mupfupi, kunyange zvazvo vari kupfuura masero microglial. Muchiitiko ichi mune mbiri chete mhando astrocytes: fibrous uye protoplasmic. The mhando rokutanga masero riri chena uye ndachena nyaya uropi, kunyange vari zvikuru chena.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti havana zvinowanza munzvimbo pane chinokosha nhamba myelinated neuronal kwendangariro. Protoplasmic astrocytes - paro glial masero: inowanikwa chena uye ndachena nyaya uropi, asi kune vakawanda vari vachena vari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti basa ravo kupa rutsigiro miviri Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye STRUCTURAL sangano ropa-uropi nokuidzivirira.

microglia

masero Microglial - ndiwo okupedzisira mhando glia. Zvisinei, kusiyana nedzimwe masero ose nechepakati tsinga, vane mesodermal mavambo uye vanomiririra mhando chaiyo monocytes. Precursors dzavo chokumisa masero eropa. Nokuda STRUCTURAL zviri Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu vavo dzinotsanagura masoja mhinduro nechepakati tsinga ndivo masero mutoro chete glial. Uye mabasa avo substantially zvakafanana vaya tishu macrophages. Ivo ndivo phagocytosis uye antigen mharidzo uye kuzivikanwa.

Microglia rine mhando chaidzo masero glial kuti vane nesumbu Kusiyanisa receptors, izvo zvinosimbisa dzavo mwongo mavambo uye Implementation zvirwere mashandiro ari CNS. Vanodawo basa pave demyelinating zvirwere, cheAlzheimer uye chinonzi Parkinson syndrome. Zvisinei, sero pacharo - chiri nzira Kuzadziswa pathological muitiro. Nokuti, zvichida, apo vachakwanisa kuwana mashandiro ose activation pamusoro microglia, vari woutsinye pezvakaitwa zvirwere izvi.