Matare - ichi chekare kuvhima chombo. The pavakwe anopinza yayo shanduka

Vakawanda vakararama panguva yedu vanodavira kuti matare - chinhu chakafanana pfumo kubata hove. Kakawanda iri kuvhiringidzwa nepfumo. Izvi zvinonzwisisika nokuti nokuvhima hove "zvokungonakidzwa" chaiwo pfumo anenge hatibati, asi zvemo vanhu North, vanogara mutsika rwokugadzira, chokushandisa ichi richiri achakudzwa. "Wenzanga" vokuEurope uye vokuAmerica zvino kushandisa matare pfuti, uye ane zvishoma chokuita yekare nounenzwi uyu zvikuru kunzwisisa chishandiso emakore ivepo, yava ndavhiyiwa kuchinja. Special kukurumbira aiva Chokwadi, whaling anopinza anotsanangurwa zvakadzama Germanom Melvillom, asi paiva nevamwe, zvakasiyana kugadzira uye chinangwa. Tichaedza uchisimbisa kufanana dzavo.

Zvinoreva "anopinza"

The compilers nemaduramazwi vanobvuma kuti ichi izwi (harpoen) chikwereti chacho chitarisiko kune Dutch whalers, uyo muzana remakore rechi17 akanga asina kuenzana. Shoko rinobva Late harpo ( «haka"). Zvisinei, pane uchapupu hwokuti dzidziso akasimuka kunyange adarika - the Basques, vanhu vanogara munharaunda Spain ano. Rakashandurwa kubva "anopinza" mutauro Basque - a "ibwe chitsuwa". In Russia ine matare inonzi kunwisa kana tsono.

Design. Matare uye gaff

The nyore mudziyo kubva anopinza kubata hove. matare ichi - munhu asina kuenzana pfumo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rine mhete kuti aida chikepe. Matare unowanzonzi pfumo (ndiEzekieri), asi chaizvoizvo ari mujeri - zviri ndeimwewo ezvidzidzo. It ane mazino refu dzakawanda uye haina dzaizopiwa vachikanda. Hunter anorova izvozvo hove pasina kubvisa maoko nomubato. Pfumo nokuti kuvhima mhuka hwemvura (zvisimbiso, walruses) ari chombo chombo randinogara mugodhi (kazhinji huni), muromo (kungava pfupa, ibwe, simbi) uye unobva kwavari tambo. In ezvinhu urombo nezvinhu uye zvokushandisa rwomuvhimi hakusi nyore kuita matare yakadaro. Photo zvinonyatsoratidza kuti kunzwisisa mamiriro anogona mudziyo uyu.

Muromo Kazhinji sandara uye asina kuenzana, ari rakapinzwa nomubato, asi akabatana nayo anongoremberera. Pashure Hunter akaita rwakapetwa, nomubato anosiiwa muromo akapinda muviri rechipfuwo. Hazvina nguva zvichiita kuti kuuraya mhuka pamwe chete vapfurwa. Akakuvadzwa mhuka anoedza kutiza, netambo iri tensioned, nomubato kuti floats pamusoro mvura Nechepamusoro, muvhimi inoratidza nhungamiro dzaro kufamba. Bvisai midzi mumuviri rechipfuwo havagoni muromo: izvi kudziviswa parutivi mazino.

Matare munyika dzakasiyana

Matare - chinhu dzakawanda pfuti. Vanhu vakadzidza kucheka shure Paleolithic Age (Early pavo Stone Age). Vakanga zvakagadzirwa mapfupa (northerners - walrus nemapoka) uye nyanga, zvakawanda nondo. Matare muromo Eskimos yekare, Aleuts Chukchas uye Koryaks yakabereka kubva somusara, ndarira, chizvarwa mhangura nesimbi. Zvisinei, vanhu Alaska haana vasade uye rose yemapuranga harpoons. Vamwe madzinza African kushandisa matare (yedare muromo) kuti kuvhima mvuu. On the Andamans pavo kuuraya dzomusango. In mumapako yakaoma Europe (panguva yakawanda kure kugungwa) vakawana pfupa mazano kubva akaoma harpoons, izvo zvaishandiswa, pachena kubata hove huru uye kunovhima pamusoro dondo (kwete mvura!) Mhuka. Bone Mazano neolithic inowanikwa Russia. With harpoons Vakaronda zvose muzhizha nomuchando, pamwe zvikepe nemvura rakazaruka, kana chete mvura. Kubvira kare, harpoons anoshandiswa vokuIndonesia kuti whaling, Dolphins uye Sharks. magadzirirwo kwavo havana kupa kuparadzana yezasi, mumwe anopinza chikepe yakasungirirwa refu him. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vokuIndonesia regai kupotsera anopinza pane shato huru uye kusabvumidza nomubato ake, vachisvetuka pamusoro musana wake uye baya jekiseni nayo senguva dzose pfumo.

Matare - yekare chiridzwa whaler

Forms harpoons dzaiva dzakasiyana chaizvo. Classic European uye American whaling mudziyo ane simbi danda uye yakafara pfupi reza. Kakawanda, harpoons izvi, emapuranga mubato, nokuti izvo zvavari vasiyana muchikepe refu chaizvo tambo. Muzana remakore rechi19 (uye yapfuura) shato huru vakatevera pamusoro diki ngarava hwindimiri (whaleboat). Approach kune chinhambwe 6 metres, kubva harpooner akakanda ake mu China (kazhinji - maviri). On rwakapetwa muromo haina kuparadzaniswa kubva mugodhi. Lin yakasungirirwa anopinza, nokukurumidza usununguke zvako, uye shato huru kudhonzwa panguva kumhanya chikepe pamusoro pamafungu, kusvikira vaneta pachangu. Ipapo shato huru vakaurayiwa, asi kwete matare uye nepfumo, uye haana hazvina harpooner uye mukuru whaleboat. Kunyange zvakadaro, munhu wakanaka anopinza ainakidzwa kuremekedza kukuru.

Northern vavhimi achiri kuuya mhiri hove huru mumuviri izvo yakakoswa pfuti remakore rechi19. Zvinotevera chinoratidza chimwe anopinza kwakadaro. Photos, kunyange zvakadaro zvipfupi, uchapupu hwokuti shato huru yakanga kupfuura mupikisi ngozi.

VomuNorway kunge kunyange aivapo mutemo munhu, mhuri, haaigona kuva harpooner.

Evolution Ezvemutauro

Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 whaler anopinza change anopinza pfuti, yakagadzirwa imwe Norwegian injiniya Foynom. Iye akatora whaling ngozi uye zvikuru dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki. Munhuwo anopinza rakavapo kuva speargun. Asi mano aya akaramba huru zvinhu "tateguru" ake: unopinza muromo mazino, rinotungamirirwa shure, uye waya kuti haibvumiri rwomuvhimi kurega zvavo.

Zvemo vanhu North kuramba kushandisa chete zvishandiso sezvo madzibaba avo. Matare - riri kuita zvinhu zvizhinji hove chokushandisa. Pasinei nokuti vagari Alaska uye Chukotka dzawanika nepfuti, havasi kuenda kusiya nekusimba nemazana emakore kunovhima nzira uye nzira.