Mexico: maminera uye zororo. Nei Mexico yakafuma mumaminerari?

Mexico inogara nzvimbo yechitanhatu pasi pose munzvimbo, munharaunda yayo kune makomo marefu, mapofu akadzika uye mapani. Asi haisi kungoshamisa chete. Nyika inoshamisa inonzi chivako chezvisikwa: panguva apo Europe yakanga ichiri kure nemamwe masayenzi akawanikwa, vaIndia vaMaya vakatoshandisa ruzivo rwavo mune zvekudenga, mashematics, alchemy nedzimwe sciences. Kusvikira ikozvino, dzakawanda zvezvishamiso zvezera iri rinoshamisa uye rakachenjera rakaramba risingagadziriswi.

VaIndia vaiziva nezvehupfumi hwenyika yavo, saka yakanga isati yava kunzi "Mexico," vakabva vatora minerals munzira yakazaruka, vakaitora uye vakaishandisa mumapurazi avo. Vatongi veConquistador vakashamiswa nekuwanda kwevanhu vemo vemaiva nemasirivha nematombo anokosha, pamwe nesimbi.

Maminerari eMexico akasiyana zvikuru. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti nyika ine mhirizhonga (zvose zviripo uye dzinopera). Munguva yekubuda, magma anowira kwete pasi chete, asiwo mukati mepasi, uko pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzoitika uye intrusive matombo anoumbwa.

Geological structure

Chikonzero nei Mexico yakafuma mumaminerari haikwanise kuongororwa zvishoma, sezvo kune nhamba yakawanda yezvivako zvezve geological munharaunda yenyika inobata maumbirwo ematombo.

Nharaunda yeMexico inowanikwa pamakwikwi akadai se:

1. Yakapoteredzwa nzvimbo dzekumabvazuva, kumadokero - Sierra Madre.
2. Paleozoic kupfigira kwekumaodzanyemba kweSierra Madre.
3. Block yeNorthern California Peninsula.
4. Sonor block.
5. Mexican trough.
6. Chipande cheYucatan.

Yakapoteredzwa nzvimbo dzekumabvazuva nekumavirira kweSierra Madre

Aya ndiwo maitiro makuru zvikuru eMexico. Nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwakapoteredzwa kweSierra Madre iri kumucheto wekuchamhembe pakati pe19 ° ne20 °. Pakati pekusungira kune zvivako zveBurmaican volcanic belt, uko kune dzakawanda zvekuputika kwemakomo. Yakaumbwa neNeogene-Quaternary volcanics. Munharaunda iyi, munhu anogona kusiyanisa Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic kupunganya, iyo inoitika pa crystalline schists uye Precambrian gneisses. Izvo zvisingaiti metamorphosed Paleozoic sedimentary deposits zvinomiririrwa ne carbonate matombo eChechi uye Pakati Paleozoic. Triassic uye Jurassic dzine mavara ejecha, maawa evaporite, argillites, ivhu uye maorestone fomu Mesozoic complexes.

Ikoko kumadokero kwakapoteredzwa nzvimbo yeSierra Madre iri kubva kumucheto wekumusoro kweMexico kusvika kumabhanhire emakomo. Iko kunamatira kunonyanya kunoumbwa necheputika reLate Cretaceous, Cenozoic matombo, ayo anosanganisira basalts uye andesites. Dzimba dzemhangura, sirivha uye mutungamiri-zinc ores zvinogona kuvharirwa kumatombo akabuda kunze kweCretaceous period.

Paleozoic kupfigira kwekumaodzanyemba kweSierra Madre

Iri rakapetwa rinenge riri mukati meTransmexican band bhanhire uye nzvimbo yeshefu yePacific Ocean. Pano, kutanga kwePaleozoic intrusive uye metamorphic mabwe anozivikanwa , pamwe ne Early Jurassic continental sedimentary strata, Jurassic marine inoshandiswa.

Block yeNorthern California Peninsula

Kumadokero kwebhokisi kune matombo ezera reMesozoic, uye vazhinji vavo vanobatwa ne-granitoid batholiths. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinoputika zvinoputika uye zvinyorwa zvegungwa zvinopfuura pamusoro pekugadzirisa. The Rift of the California Gulf inoumbwa nedzimwe dzakaoma.

Sonor block

Nzvimbo yacho iri pakati peGulf of California uye nechekumadokero kweSierra Madre. Iyo inoumbwa negranitoids uye metamorphic matombo ePrecambrian yakabva, uyewo carbonate matombo eOrdovician-Carboniferous.

Iyo Sonor block inoratidzwa nekuvapo kwezvikanda zvegranites, hypabyssal matombo, uko kune mavharo emhangura-porphyry ores.

Meganan bend

Nyika yeMexico yakashambadza mberi iri pamberi pechikwata chaCordillera chakaiswa. Mazhinji ematombo echechi yePaleogene neNeogene anowanikwa. Nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa muhove yekakiti yemakona dzakagadziridzwa nemaminerari e-hydrocarbon.

Chipande cheYucatan

Kunyorwa yakagadzirwa ne carbonates yeNeogene nePaleogene. Mafuta anowanikwa akavharirwa kumapuranga akasiyana-siyana kumadokero kweplate.

Relief

Kubva kune zvivako zvezve geological zvinotungamira rubatsiro nemaminera eMexico. Kununurwa kwenyika kwakaoma zvikuru: ine makomo, mapaa uye mapani. Nzvimbo zhinji yenyika inotarirwa nemakomo uye nzvimbo dzomukati. Uyewo, ndiro iri rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: Mesu Central uye Mesu Severnuyu. Zita rokuti "Mesa" rinobva kuSpain "tafura".

Central Mesa yakapoteredzwa kumativi ose nemagetsi emakomo. Inenge yakazara zvakakwana nemiti inoputika, pane iri tende rakadzika kune mabhesheni mazhinji emakungwa ekare. Central Mesa inosvika pakakwirira mamita 2600 kusvika kumaodzanyemba.

IWest Sierra Madre isimba rakakwirira remakomo, rakasvibiswa nemvura yakadzika canyons. Iyo Sierra inokura zvakasimba sezvo inofamba ichienda kuGulf of California, asi kumucheto kwemukati nzvimbo zvikomo zvinoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma. Kurwisana kwakadaro kwakakosha mukukwirira kwekununurwa kunogona kurondedzerwa nekuti kune zvikanganiso zvakawanda nechepasi rekristalline rinowanikwa pamusoro. Misoro yezvikomo yakasvibiswa nematombo.

ICalifornia Peninsula inyika yakamanikana uye ine makomo. Mipata iri kusvika mamita 3000 pamusoro pegungwa.

Eastern Sierra Madre - nzvimbo yezvikomo dzakakwirira uye kubva kumusoro kusvika 1000 kusvika kune 3000 m.Sierra yakafukidzwa nehombe sedimentary rocks. Kuenda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa paunofamba uchienda kumabvazuva (uchienda kuGulf of Mexico), makomo anokurumidza kuparara.

Pamuganhu wekumaodzanyemba kweCentral Mesa kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumavirazuva ndiyo Transversal Volcanic Sierra, iyo yakakura uye yakakwirira pane makomo munyika yose. Heino imwe yemakomo makuru-Orizaba. Iko kona yakarurama inokwira kusvika mamita 3000 kubva pakadzika, uye kukwirira kuri 5700 m pamusoro pegungwa, iyo yakakwirira kudarika chinoputika cheElbrus.

Uyezve, paunofamba uchienda kumaodzanyemba, Transversal Volcanic Sierra inopera mumvura yakadzika yetectonic yakatanga. Mhiri kweRwizi Walsas anotambanudza Southern Sierra Madre. Inotarisa kufanana nePacific Ocean. Kusiyana nedzimwe makomo emakomo, hakuna mhepo inoputika, inoumbwa zvikurukuru sedimentary rocks.

Isthmus yeTeantantepec iri shoma, iyo yakakwirira ine 650 m mimwe nzvimbo. Chigwa cheChiapas chinowedzera kupfuura iyo. Iyi makomo akaoma anogara kumativi ose kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMexico. Chiapas inogadziriswa muzvikamu zviviri: zvikomo zvakafanana uye neSierra madre.

Nzvimbo huru kune iyo nzvimbo iri pasi reMexico - Tabasco, iri pedyo neGulf yeMexico uye yakafukidzwa nemigungwa.

Sezvo tanyatsoongorora zvose zvivako uye kubatsirwa, mumwe anogona kupindura mubvunzo wekuti nei Mexico iri muzvirimera. Izvi zvikurukuru zvinoenderana nemabasa akaitika munharaunda yemazuva ano mashoma emakore emakore akapfuura: mapurisa, kufamba kweputika, kupisa kwemvura, nezvimwewo.

Chii chakafuma muMekika. Mineral resources

Tinogona kutaura kuti munyika muno kune inenge yose minerals. Nei Mexico yakafuma mumaminerari? Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwebindu. Iko kune zvakakosha zvekuchengetedzwa kwemaminerari sesimbi, mercury, ndarama, sirivha, antimoni, mhangura, zinc, graphite, bismuth, nezvimwewo. Mukuwedzera, nyika iri kubudisa mafuta uye gasi. Zvakare, minerals inokosha yezvemari yeMexico icharondedzerwa muchidimbu.

Mafuta neGasi

Munzvimbo dzinenge mazana matatu emafuta nemafuta anenge 200 akaongorora nzvimbo yehurumende. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzechengeterwa dzinowanikwa mukati meGulf - Mexican mafuta uye gesi.

Kune zvakawanda zvakachengetwa munharaunda, asi zvose zvishoma, vashomanana chete ndivo vane mafuta emafuta anopfuura mamiriyoni zana, uye gasi - anopfuura mabhiriyoni 100 cubic mamita. Maererano nehuwandu hwezvinhu izvi zvakakosha, Mexico ine yechipiri chete kuVenezuela muLatin America.

Kune nzvimbo shanu muMexicoan mafuta nebhaini:

• North-Eastern region. Inowanikwa mukudzvinyirira kweRio Bravo del Norte.
• Tampico Tuspan. Pamberi penzvimbo iyi, nzvimbo iyi yaiva yakaisvonaka mune zvigadziri. Kunyanya kunzvimbo yakakurumbira yePoza-Rica neUpper Cretaceous reefones.
• Veracus.
• South. Icho chiri pedyo negungwa reTabasco-Campeche. Iye zvino ndiyo inotanga nzvimbo yekutanga mumafuta emafuta.
• Yucatan.

Coking coals

Nzvimbo yakakosha yekugadzirwa ndeyobhaina raSabina. Munenge mhemberero dzose huru dzinosungirwa kuCretaceous sediments.

Sulfur

Izvo zvakachengetwa zvakasungwa kune saridhi-inotakura chiremba cheGulf yeMexico. Sulfur yenyama yakaumbwa nekuda kwegesi inokonzerwa nemakomo anoputika ari pedyo neTeutanepek isthmus. Maererano nenzvimbo yezvinyorwa izvi, Mexico inogara imwe yenzvimbo dzokutanga munyika.

Ndarama, sirivha, polymetallic ores

Maminera akadaro eMexico akaita segoridhe, sirivha uye polymetallic ores nguva dzose pamwe chete. Bhanhire rejasi rinotenderera kubva kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Inotanga nemari huru yemhangura, sirivha (nzvimbo yeCananea). Zvadaro zvinouya "mafundo" ezvinyorwa zvegoridhe, sirivha uye polymetallic ores. Aya ndiwo mabhii akadaro seEl Potosi, Zacatecas.

Mercury

Mishonga inoshandiswa inowanika munzvimbo dzemazuva ano. Dzimba: El Oro, Taxco, Mineral del Monto, Wincuko.

Iron ore

Iko rudzi rwemaminerari kazhinji runowanikwa pamwe ne antimony uye titanium ores. Nzvimbo dzakapfuma mumaminerari asingadiwi haasi mazhinji, asi dzinotora basa rinokosha munyaya yezvematongerwo enyika. Dzimba: Manzanillo, Durango.

Graphite

Zviwanire zvikuru mumamiriro eSoraora. Yakaumbwa nekuda kwesimba re granitoid intrusions pamabheji emalahle.

Fluorite

MuMexico, 11 muzana yezvimwe zviwanikwa zvemu mineral zvinowanikwa. Dzimba: Sacualpán, La Barra, Guadalajara, Paila, Aguacile, San Marcos nevamwe.

Iyo minerals inokosha yeMexico haisi yepamusoro chete yemarudzi, asiwo akadai se gypsum, rock salt, opal, strontium.

Nei Mexico yakafuma mumaminerari? Mhinduro shomanana ndeyekuti: nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvivako zvemugumo munharaunda yenyika, zviratidzo zvekunyanyisa kwemhepo. Saka, pano iwe unogona kuwana mune zvese zvinenge zvese zvemaminerari. Mamwe emaminerari nematombo anoita basa rinokosha munyaya yeupfumi yenyika. Somuenzaniso, sirivha, sulfure, fluorite uye mafuta.

Nzvimbo huru yehurumende yakadaro seMexico, inoratidzirwa yekununurwa, mineral, nhoroondo yakawanda - izvi zvose zvinoita kuti nyika ive yakasiyana uye yakasiyana.