Monogram is ... Monograms uye monograms (chithunzi)

Kwemazana emakore akawanda zvakave zvichionekwa sekuti mumiririri chiratidzo chinoratidza hukama hwepamusoro hwemunhu, mhuri kana mhuri, inhengo yepamusoro-soro, chikwata chekutonga chevanhu. Chiratidzo chakadaro, pamwe chete nejasi rezvombo zvemhuri, chaive chikonzero chekuzvikudza kwakakosha. Yakanga yakaiswa paimba yepamambo uye dzimba, mabasa emhuri uye zvinhu zveimba, zvishongedzero zvezvinhu zvewadhirobe. Nhasi, mushure mokunge vanyatsopindira, mamiriyoni nemamiriyoni zvakare akazovazve akakurumbira. Pamusoro peizvi, ndezvipi zvinhu zvakashongedza zvekushongedza, chii chakafanana nekusiyana, ino chinyorwa chichati.

Chii ichocho?

Izwi rokuti "monogram" iri muchiGiriki, mune shanduro chaiyo rinoreva "mutsara wakajeka". Mukadzi wokutanga chaiye akanyorwa zvechokwadi seimwe inongoramba ichienderera mberi. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwemazuva, kuve nyore kwakatsiviwa nenhamba yakawanda yemashoko, zvishongo nezvimwe zvinowedzera. Muchimiro chayo chepakutanga, monogram yakave nenongo imwe chete yekutanga yezita.

Ipapo tsamba yokutanga yezita racho yakawedzerwa kune chiratidzo ichi. Nokudaro, nhasi mhirizhonga inzira yekushongedza kubva pamatangiro emunhu kana tsamba dzokutanga dzezita rekambani kana yakasimba. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mavambo okutanga (semuenzaniso, BP) haasi monogram. Kuti zvive iyo, tsamba idzi dzinofanira kuitwa muchimiro chemunhu mumwe chete, zvakanyatsongorongedzana uye dzichiiswa mune chero chimiro (somuenzaniso, chivharo kana chikwere).

Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe monogram uye monogram?

Vanhu vemazuva ano (nezvisizvo zvisingawanzoitiki) vanodavira kuti mazwi aya anonyanirana. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisizvo. Mamiogram nemadzimai emuviri chaizvoizvo vane zvakawanda zvakafanana, asi zvakasiyana nezviratidzo.

Iro shoko iro rokuti "monogram", rinoreva "ruvara", rine midzi yePoland. Pasina kupinda mune zvinyorwa, monogram inogona kunzi maitiro akakomba echinguvo, mune zvimwe zvigadziro zvakawedzerwa, uye kushandiswa kwemasamba kwakatonyanya kuoma. Inogona kuve yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo ipi zvayo, somuenzaniso wreath, nhoo kana korona. Madzimambo mazhinji emazuva ano, kufanana nevatungamiri vavo, ane avo chaiwo, mamiogram, ayo anoshandiswa kune mari, zvinyorwa uye zvishongo.

Nokudaro, pakati pemifananidzo iyi yekufananidzira pane zvinotevera zvakasiyana:

1. Monogram - ichi chiratidzo chakakosha, kuratidza kuve kweimwe nyaya kune mumwe munhu. Iyo mumiririri unogona kutakura mashoko pamusoro peumwe uye pamwe nevanhu vanoverengeka vakabatana pane zvimwe.

2. Kusiyana nemuongororwo, iyo inyanzvi inouraya uye inopindirana, mumiririri unogona kubhadharwa nemifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana inofanirwa kutakura zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvekuwedzera.

3. Monogram ye tsamba mune dzakawanda dzinogona kudzokororwa zvakare noruoko, asi kubereka nenzira iyi monogram yakaoma zvikuru.

A bit of history

Nhoroondo yezvokuchera matongo inotitendera kuti titaure kuti kunyange muEgypt yekare, zvisimbiso neyekugadzirwa kwemhepo zvakashandiswa. Zvadaro zviratidzo zvakafanana, kureva tsamba dzokutanga dzemazita, dzakashandiswa muGreece neRoma. Iyo yakanyorwa kuti mamiogram akashandiswa ipapo muzana remakore rechina BC. E. Mumwe wezvakakurumbira kwavari ndewe "Christogram" - HR "Hi-Ro", iyo inosanganisira tsamba dzokutanga dzechiGiriki chinonzi zita raJesu Kristu. Munharaunda imwe chete, vazhinji veguta reRoma neGiriki vanoisa mamiriyoni pamari yavo. Anenge aripo kubva muzana ramakore rechinomwe, vamiririri vefundisi vakuru nevatongi vehukuru hwakasiyana uye nyika dzakashandisa zviratidzo zvakadaro pamasimbirwo emunhu, izvo zvavakazivisa mavhesi uye tsamba panzvimbo pokunyora. Vatongi vekuMiddle Ages nevarume vakapfuma, vanongedza zvinhu zvisina maturo, zvishongo zvishongedze, mhete dzefodya uye makaskiti, midziyo yewaini nemichero. Mukuwedzera, mamiriyoni akaurayiwa pamapurasitiki evanhu vakanaka uye madzimambo, mavara akave akawedzerwa nemakorinho akasiyana-siyana akaenzana nemusoro wemuridzi: royal, baronial, county kana vakanaka. Panguva imwe chete pakanga pane mitemo yakasiyana, iyo maruva korona yaigona kuve yakashongedzerwa kubva ichi kana iyo yechikoro. Saka, korona yakasungirirwa pamapurasitiki emabhononi inogona kuva maviri-mavara, asi uyo akaurayiwa pamhuri yakanaka-yakachena chete.

Mukati meEurope, vashandi, vanyori uye varairira vakaratidza mhando pamagetsi avo. Kwete nguva dzose dzaive tsamba, sa Leonardo da Vinci kana Durer. Kazhinji, vanyori vakaveza mapikicha avo nemufananidzo, vachiisa panzvimbo yakachengetwa mumufananidzo. Saka, somuenzaniso, B. Garofalo akachera maruva emaruva, L. Cranach - mapapiro ane mapapiro, P. Brill - magirazi.

Kutanga muzana remakore rechi16, mumiririri haisi chiratidzo chega chega chevatongi nevanokudzwa, asiwo chiziviso icho masters akaita.

Histori yeRussia

MuRussia, kutaridzika kwemamiriyoni kunowanzobatanidzwa neTsar-reformer Peter I. Asati ava mambo, Peter Alekseevich oga mumiriri wega wega wechiLatini "P" ane miririti image. Asi kare muna 1722, mazita emakanyorwa eRussia alfabheti akaonekwa paRuble - "P" nehamba nhamba I.

Mune ramangwana, vese vekuRussia vaizvimiririra vaiva nemamiriyoni eine tsamba yekutanga yezita uye serial number. Zviratidzo zvakadai pamapfudzi epafudzi uye epaulettes zvezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zveuto zvakashandiswawo zvikuru. Iyo yunifomu yevakuru vakuru vepamusoro yakange yakashongedzwa nemhando, iyo yakashongedzwa yakagadzirwa neshinda yakasongedzwa.

Kusvikira mazana emakore ekumazana ezana remakore rechi20 akashandiswa zvikuru muupenyu hwezuva rega rega: aive akaiswa pazvishongo, zvidhori, mabhanhire uye zvipfeko.

Mhando dzeMonograms

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutanga, imwe mamiriyoni emashoko anogona kunge ari nyore (ndeye munhu mumwe chete) kana akaoma - muteerere, umo mazita mazhinji uye zita remhuri zvakabatana. Mhuri dzakawanda dzakagadziriswa dzakaparidzirwa kare kubva kune imwe chizvarwa chemhuri kusvika kune imwe uye dzakaratidzwa pane dzimba dzemhuri, zvishongo, ndiro, fenicha, mbatya. Ngationgororei nezvinyorwa zvese zvezvipenyu izvi.

Pamwe maMonograms

Zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinogona kuva:

• Tsamba imwe-tsamba, kureva, inosanganisira tsamba imwe yekutanga-yekutanga kana yekupedzisira zita. Saka, kuna Timoti Zaitsev, izvi zvinogona kuva "T" kana "Z".
• Kutevedzana kwemashoko maviri anoreva zita nezita.
• Tsamba iyi mitatu ine zita rinonyanyozivikanwa munharaunda inotaura chiRussia, iyo inokonzerwa nemitemo yekutaurirana, apo munhu anoremekedzwa anonzi ne patronymic.
• Monograms-ciphers, iyo inenge isina kuzivikanwa muRussia. Kuti aite chiratidzo chakadaro, tsamba dzose dzinobva muzita rezita kana zita dzinoshandiswa.

Paunenge uchinyora monogram, sekutonga, tsamba iyo inoratidza kuti zita rezita rinourayiwa zvishoma kana rakapiwa mune imwe nzira.

Mhuri mhuri

Pair (kana mhuri) mamiriyoni mumakore achangopfuura anozivikanwa zvikuru sechinhu chichato chechichato chinoshandiswa kurongedza memo uye makadhi ekushanyira evakashanyi, apo kugadzira chikwata chechichato nekeke, imba iyo kuchengetwa kunoitika. Inogona kushandiswa sechinyorwa chimwechete - chekutanga mumhuri yemhuri yevechidiki mhuri, somuenzaniso, maKrutikovs - "K", uye maviri, akaumbwa nekutanga kwemazita evakaroorana.

Inonyanya kushandiswa uye inowanzoshandiswa ndeye vaviri vokuRussia mamiriyoni, ayo ane mavara matatu, anofanira kuiswa nenzira inokosha: kutanga inouya tsamba yokutanga yezita revakadzi, pakati - mazita evanhu vaviri, uye ipapo tsamba yekutanga yevarume zita.

Mukadzi kana murume?

Paunenge uchiumba mhando yemabhii echiRussia, mumwe anofanirwa kuyeuka mimwe mitemo isingatauri:

• Kune zvinyorwa zvevarume chete mabhii akanyorwa anoshandiswa;
• Calligraphic uye kushandiswa kwemitemo kunoshandiswa pakusika zviratidzo zvevakadzi;
• Mukadzikadzi muteveri wemabhii matatu ekutanga achava tsamba yekutanga yezita racho, iyo yakakura zvikuru nekukura - zita rezita, uye yekupedzisira - iyo patronymic (yakafanana nezita);
• Mune mukomana mutsamba mitatu-tsamba, ukuru hwemavara ose kuchave akafanana;
• Mune mamiriyoni ane zviratidzo zviviri, kutanga anouya zita, ipapo zita rechirume, uye ukuru hwemashoko akafanana.

Monograms nhasi

Kufamba kwechinguva mu "mumvuri", nhasi mamiriyoni uye mamiriyoni zvakare anowanikwa. Mazuva ano mumiririri haasati ane zvigadzirwa zvemuenzi wacho, zvinokwanisika kuzvishandisa uye saElvis Presley, uyo waive TCB (Kuchengetedza Bhizinesi) uye zvaireva tsamba dzokutanga dzeshoko rake roga. Chinyararire uye chiratidzo chisingawanzwisisiki chinouraya chinokwezva kutarisa uye chinomiririra zvakasiyana nemuridzi. Vafumi vemabhizimisi vane pfuma vanowanzorayira kusimbiswa kwechimiro chechimiro chechimiro chechimiro, icho chine simba rimwechete rezvemitemo sezvinodiwa.

Nhasi mhuri dzinorongedzwa kwete kwete chete nezvishongo nemapfekete ehomwe, zvipfeko uye shangu, asiwo ma logos emakambani makuru, mabhizinesi ebhizinesi, mapepa ebhizinesi uye zvigaro zvekushandisa.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vazhinji vevanhu venguva yedu vanorayira kufambiswa kwemhuri yakagadziriswa nhaka.