Mubhadharo wevatyairi vezvitima

Muchenjeri ndiye basa rinoita basa. Munhu anofanira kungwarira zvikuru mubasa iri. Nheyo yeupfumi yevose inopesana, nokuti inobva pane dzakasiyana-siyana. Asi mubhadharo wemutyairi akakodzera, kunze kwekuti, unogara uchisimuka.

Kushanda Mamiriro

Muchenjeri anogara ari mutoro wehupenyu hwevanhu. Paunenge uchishanda, hapana chinofanira kutsausa. Mutyairi anofanira kuva nehutano hwakanaka. Vakadzi havagoni kutora nzvimbo, nokuti vanofarira kuchinja mafungiro avo, uye izvi mubasa hazvibvumirwi. Mamiriro ezvinhu ekushanda emushandi wemaitiro ndeaya anotevera:

1. Imba yacho inobvumirwa kusvuta.
2. Vatyairi vezvitima zvekupedzisira usiku huri muchitoro, uko kune dzimba dzakakosha. Iwe unogona kupedza usiku huri munzvimbo dzakapoteredza iri pedyo nezvitoro.
3. Pabasa mutyairi anotakura mazano anenge 55.
4. Mumakore 55 unogona kubvisa basa.
5. Panzira dzomukati dzakatasva munguva yechando chakakura, teresi dziri mumigwagwa.
6. Vashandi vanogadzira zvokudya pavanenge vachifambisa mumugwagwa.
7. Masuo anoda kuvharwa mushure mokuti "Kuchenjerera, masuo akavharwa."
8. Munguva yekubuda kubva mumugwagwa kune mazhenje akajeka, izvo zvinokanganisa mutyairi.
9. Pabasa, iwe unofanirwa kuuya nemafungiro akanaka, wakazorora.
10. Vanenge 9 000 vanhu vanotakurwa kuti vaende (8-9 maawa).

Mitemo yakadaro inoshanda kune vose machinist. Mune basa iri, kukoshesa kunokosha, sezvo mushandi ane basa guru. Kudzivirirwa kwekutakura kwevanhu kunoenderana nayo.

Chii chinowanikwa mubhadharo?

Uwandu hwekuwana mari hunochinja:

• Nhamba yeawa;
• Processing;
• Shanda usiku uchinje;
• Utsi hwebasa;
• Qualification.

Nzvimbo

Kuti uwane mubhadharo wevatyairi vezvitima, zvakakwana kuti tishanyire website yeRussia Railways. MuMoscow, vashandi vakadaro vanowana kusvika kumazana makumi mapfumbamwe emabhururi. Uye basa remubatsiri rinofungidzirwa kune makumi maviri zvuru zvishoma. Mubhadharo wemutyairi anokasiyana zvichienderana neharaunda:

1. Ufa - 40,000.
2. Ulan-Ude - 45 000.
3. Makhachkala - 38 000.
4. Nalchik - 50 000.
5. Volgograd - 30 mamiriyoni.
6. Murmansk - 45 000.
7. Penza - 31 000.
8. Perm - 35,000.
9. Saratov - 22,000.

Mashoko aya anoratidzwa muna 2016. Mubhadharo wemutyairi wakakwirira mumaguta iwayo uko kune nguva dzose nhamba dzakawanda dzezvitima uye vazhinji vanofamba. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, mari yevashandi ava haishandisi kwenguva refu. Kubva pane deta, muvhareji wemari yemutyairi wezvitima anenge anenge 35,000 rubles.

Mutyairi we metro

Ndeipi mubhadharo we mechanic yepasi? Iko yehuwandu hwekuwana hunoenderana nenzvimbo yebasa. MuMoscow, vashandi vakadaro vanogamuchira vanenge 50 000 rubles, uye mumataundi maduku - kubva kune zviuru makumi maviri.Mufananidzo wekupedzisira ndiwo mubairo wechechi, uye yakawandisa ndeyemamiriyoni 100. Mubhadharo wejasi rekumasitirwo emasitadhi muSt. Petersburg anenge anenge zviuru makumi mashanu rubles, zvisinei nemamiriro ekushanda Hapana chakareruka kupfuura muMoscow.

Zvakaoma kuwana basa sechigadziri chemasitadhi, nokuti avo vakakumbira vari muhutano hwakasarudzwa. Mukuwedzera, mamiriro ekushanda mundima iyi haisi nyore. Basa rinobatanidza nemabasa akaoma, nokuti munhu anotengesa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Basa romutyairi rakaoma nekuda kwebasa guru revanhu vari kutakurwa.

Experience

Mubhadharo wemutyairi anoenderana nehurefu hwebasa rake. Inotarirwawo nemaonero echitima chinodzorwa. Kureba kwebasa rinotevera:

1. Chikoro chechitatu chinogona kuwanikwa makore 2 mushure mekuchikoro. Munguva iyi inokosha kuendesa motokari kana motokari yemagetsi. Kazhinji vanopedza chikoro chezvikoro zvepamusoro vanovimbwa nezvitima zviduku zvekutakura zvishoma.
2. Chikoro chepiri chinobudiswa makore maviri mushure mechitatu. Asi izvi zvinoda kugara uchiita. Nezvo zvakakodzera, mushandi anotyaira vatyairi, asi kwete kupfuura kure.
3. Kirasi yekutanga inopiwa makore 2 mushure mekushanda neyechipiri. Zvadaro mushandi anozoendesa vanopfuura nemamwe matarenda kwenguva refu.

Icho chiri pachikwereti icho mubhadharo wekufambisa wemugove unotarisirwa. Munenge munharaunda yese yeRussian Federation, mutyairi wekutakura zvese zvezvitima anogona kuva nemari inosvika makumi ezviuru zveRubles.

Mutyairi wechitima

Muchenjeri akadaro ndiyewo anotsvakwa basa. Mukuwedzera, izvi zvinokuvadza uye zvinotyisa semutyairi wekutakura mugwagwa. Vanhu vari mubasa iri vanogona kunyunyuta pamusoro pokuneta kusingaperi, sezvo kureba pakati pepakati kunowanzopfuura basa rokuchinja.

Iwe unogona kudzidza kubva kune mutyairi wezvitima mukudzidzira nekugadzirwa kwekambani. Zvinotora anenge anenge 6.5 mwedzi. Ndeipi mubhadharo wechityairi chezvitima? Ivhareji yemari yenyika munyika ine 45,000 rubles, uye muMoscow inosvika 80,000 rubles.

Nzira yekuti uve mhizha?

Kuti uwane basa unoda dzidzo. Vadzidzi vanopedza kuongororwa kwechiremba uye vanopedza muongorori, mushure mokunge vanogona kupedza basa. Inoguma mwedzi mina. Kubva pamigumisiro yaro, rutsigiro ruchaitwa, kana munhu angatorwa. Ndizvo chete ipapo mushandi achapiwa ruzivo.

Usati watanga locomotive unoda kushanda semubatsiri. Mari yevashandi vakadaro yakaderera, asi mabasa acho akaderera. Mukuwedzera kune dzidzo yakakwirira, pane zvimwe zvinoda. Varume vanoda kuenda kuhondo. Uye vakadzi havawanzoendeswa kunzvimbo dzakadaro. Vanoenda kumakore makumi mashanu nemashanu.

Ndiani ari mubatsiri?

Uyu ndiye mushandi anofanira kunge aripo mu cabin. Iye ari nhengo yakazara yevashandi vekuvaka. Mubatsiri anonzi inyanzvi yekuchengetedza, sezvo mabasa akawanda ari kuitwa. Mabasa ake anosanganisira:

• Kudzorwa kwemazizi ekuchengetedzeka kwemazizi asati asvika;
• Kubata kushanda;
• Kudzora kwechiratidzo chechiedza;
• Kukurukurirana kwekutumira nemutyairi;
• Kutevedza;
• Kuongorora kwekuverengwa kwezviridzwa.

Basa iri rinokubvumira kuti udzidze nzira yekugadzirisa urongwa hwako pachako. Kunyange zvazvo mubhadharo wevashandi ari pasi, asi izvi zvinoita chido chekuwedzera.

Unhu hupi hunodiwa?

Kubasa unoda ruzivo, unyanzvi, unyanzvi. Chirango chinodiwa, chinodiwa mumamiriro akasiyana mumugwagwa. Mutyairi uye mubatsiri anoda:

• Kurumidza kuita;
• Kuchengetedza, kuchenjerera;
• Stamina, circumspection;
• Zvakanaka kukuona chiyeuchidzo, kunyatsonzwa;
• Kushungurudzika kushorwa.

Pasina unhu huno, zvakaoma kuita basa racho, chete nekuwanika kwavanoita basa racho richava rakanaka uye rinobudirira. Zvose ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa panguva yekudzidzira inogara yakarongedzwa. Iri ibasa iro rondedzero uye tsika zvinokosha.

Batsirwa

Iko basa rechinangwa chemashizha uye mubatsiri rinogara richidiwa. Sezvo huwandu hwezivo hukuru, tarisiro inenge isingagumi. Chitima chacho chinoramba chiri kutendeseka kutakura kwekutakura kwevanhu nezvinhu.

Kuvandudza unyanzvi hunoita kuti huve nehutano hwevashandi. Vashandi vanoshanda pazvivakoti, vanzwisise hutsva hutsva mukufambira mberi kweukama. Vashandi havawanzo zvirwere zvisingaperi, sezvo hutano hwavo hunogara huchiongororwa.

Cons

Mari yevashandi yakakwirira kwazvo nekuda kwekuti vanofanira kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Nyanzvi dzinotarisana nekushungurudzika uye mutoro wehupenyu hwevanhu. Vashandi vanopedza nguva yakawanda kunze kweimba.

Kuneta kunooneka nekuda kwe:

• Yakavharwa nzvimbo;
• Kutsigira kwekuona;
• Noise effects;
• Kudzora kwelocomotive;
• Mugwagwa mugwagwa.

Mubhadharo wemubatsiri kumhizha ndeye makumi mashanu emabhururi. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yemari muMoscow, munzvimbo imwe chete uye mamwe mabasa munzvimbo iyi inokosha. Mubhadharo wemubatsiri kumhizha wePetersburg yakaenzana ne40-45 zviuru zveRubles. MuNorth, vashandi vanowana zvikwereti nekuda kwechiitiko.

Misha kune dzimwe nyika

Mune dzimwe nyika, mari yevanotyairi yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura muRussia. Somuenzaniso, muGermany vanowana 3 000 euro, uye izvi zvinenge 210 mabhiriyoni makumi maviri. MuUnited States, mari inobhadharwa ne3,5 zviuru zvemadhora, iyo 220,000 rubles. Asi munyika dziri pedyo vatyairi vanowana zvishoma. Somuenzaniso, muUkraine anogamuchira zviuru gumi zvemazana, izvo zvinosvika zviuru makumi maviri nemaviri zveRubles. MuBelarus, chiyero chacho chikaita mamiriyoni gumi nezviviri kubva kuBelarusian rubles (32-46 000 rubles).

Ndekupi kwaunodzidza?

MuMetro naRZhD vanodzidziswa mukudzidzira kwavo uye kuve nekugadzira zvigadzirwa. Zvakakosha kufanana nezera, simba rakasimba mumuviri uye mupfungwa. Zvinokwanisika kudzidza vechiduku vari pasi pemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu avo vakashanda mumauto akazvigadzirira. Kubatsira ndiko kuwanikwa kwehutano hwehutano.

Muchitima chemasro 6.5 mwedzi. Hafu yenguva inobatwa nekudzidza kwemazano, uye zvino tsika inouya. Pakuguma kweongororo. Panguva yekurovedzwa kubhadhara chikwereti. Kudzidza muRussia Railways kumema vanhu vakarovedzwa mumayunivhesiti ezvitima. Pachikonzero chezivo inowanikwa zvinokwanisika kupfuurira dzidzo (makore maviri) mune imwe dzidzo uye yekugadzira.

Iwe unogona kushanda kune zvidzidzo mushure mekuongorora kwepanyama. Anofambawo kuburikidza nebasa nguva dzose. Kana paine chero kukanganisa mune hutano, iwe hauzobvumirwi kudzidza. Mushure mekudzidzisa, kune mukana webasa pamwe nekusimudzirwa mberi. Uine ruzivo uye ruzivo, uwandu hwekuwana huchawedzera zvakare.