Mumwe mumitauro mikuru African. Famous mutauro African

vagari Africa inoshandisa mukukurukurirana kwezuva nezuva pamusoro mitauro mazana masere zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva mumwe uye panguva imwe chete vane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Tumitauro zviri Hottest kondinendi munyika vari mumapoka 4 mhuri: Afro-asiatic, Niger-Congo (kare - Western Sudan), Nilo-Saharan uye Bushman. Mumwe mutauro mukuru African anonzi Kiswahili. In East Africa iri remutauro ataura mamiriyoni 150.

Afro-asiatic mhuri

Phonetics kunoratidzwa nokusanzwisisa pasi kuti varipo mune dzimwe zvakafanana tumitauro. Tinofanirawo kutaura kazhinji vasangana laryngeal uye pharyngeal mapoka nzvanyira uye nzvanyira kashoma kushandiswa mune mimwe mitauro.

Kana zvivakamutauro features, nokuti mashoko uye mitongo boka iri vanoonekwa ne che munhui muna zvisazitasingwi, correlated zvepabonde unhu; Various nzira nokuumba chouwandu mazita (reduplication, suffixes uye alternation nzvanyira rinonzwika mashoko) uye zvemasanga rechiito nezvimiro (nyararisa, causative, reflexivo, uye vamwe). mutauro mumwe African, inova chikamu oukuru bazi Afro-asiatic mhuri, inozivikanwa nokuvapo trehsoglasnyh midzi.

The tumitauro veboka iri vari rinoparadzirwa pakati pemarudzi ose North Africa. Naivowo kudzora kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho, kureva, Ethiopia, Tanzania yakaoma, nharaunda Somalia uye kuMiddle East. Afro-asiatic mhuri zvinosanganisira mapazi shanu: wekare muEgipita, Cushitic, oukuru, Berber uye Chadian. Yokupedzisira inosanganisira mumwe wemitauro huru yomuAfrica - Hausa.

Nilo-Saharan mhuri

The tumitauro veboka iri unokwidza nokuderedza Asina makirasi, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vavo vane zviviri yomutauro. African mitauro Nilo-Saharan mhuri zvinosanganisira verbs kuti vane mamwe zvemasanga zvitarisiko. Dzimwe nguva zita riri kushandisa kwayo nyaya hurongwa.

Vamapoka diki kukosha kupiwa boka vari shari uye Nile-Saharan subfamily. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira tumitauro akadai Kanuri (rinoshandiswa chizvarwa muumambo Bornu), uyewo oxidase uye Ted, kubudikidza Vagari rokumabvazuva kumatunhu Sahara.

mhuri Niger-Congo

A pachena chepfungwa zvivakamutauro maumbirwo tumitauro veboka iri makirasi vakanyoresa kukonzera siyana affixes muuzhinji uye kuchisazitasingwi. African mitauro Kuva mhuri Niger-Congo, ane chisazitasingwi uye adjectives anobvumirana emazita vekirasi kuti iyo rakava. Sezvo tumitauro yeboka iri, mukusiyana kuna Europe, pachinzvimbo genera matatu (zvechikadzi, rume uye neuter) vane hombe uwandu vakanyorwa makirasi. Saka, mhuka ndezvaJehovha kirasi imwe vanhu - kune mumwe, uye, somuenzaniso, miti - kune rechitatu. Panguva iyoyowo, pane mamwe mapoka kuti havana hwaro kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kupatsanura.

Nehasha mhuri Niger-Congo rakakamurwa 8 subfamilies. This Atlantic, vaMandingo, aik, Ijaw, voltayskaya, East, Adamawa uye Benue-Congo. Chikamu ndiyo bazi zvakashandiswawo inozivikanwa mutauro African - Swahili.

nekudzvanya mitauro

Zita iri mhuri mutauro (yaimbonzi - Bushman) yawana kuonga dzakasiyana manotsi Clicky, dzinoshandiswa nemavara uye anoshandiswa chete muAfrica. Kutsanangura dudziro mitinhimira iyi chinoreva zvakawanda: vava kunzi vasiri kufema kubva akaita zvishoma kana pasina kushandiswa mumapapu nokunwa kufamba. Kureva, vari zvichisiyaniswa implosive uye putika nzvanyira.

The wokutanga mapoka matatu mumhuri Bushman, yainzi Khoisan. Its nevakawanda unotaurwa South Africa. Uyewo Khoisan subfamily rakakamurwa kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati boka. On nekudzvanya mitauro Hottentots uye Bushmen. The subfamilies chechipiri nechechitatu vanonzi Hatsu uye Sandawe, tumitauro inotaurwa chikamu vanhu Tanzania.

Swahili - huru African mutauro

Kiswahili - kuzviremekedza, izvo rinobva Arabic shoko sawāhil ( «Coast"). Kushandiswa nesayenzi mutauro wakauya pane kunopera - yechipiri yezana XIX remakore. Panguva ino, tsananguro rokutanga girama unhu akaonekwa. Pakazopera zana remakore chete paitova Swahili maduramazwi uye mabhuku edzidzo.

Nhasi ichi inodzidziswa vakawanda zvikuru mumayunivhesiti muUK, USA, Japan, Germany, France nedzimwe nyika. In Tanzania, pane urongwa dzidzo Dar-es-Salam, nesangano kuti anobata pakudzidza Swahili. mabasa ayo zvinosanganisirawo racho magazini, iro rine tsika, mabhuku uye zvimwe zvine chokuita nomutauro. Swahili aiva mamiriro mutauro kwemaonerwo Tanzania, Uganda uye Kenya.

Contemporary kunyora anoshandisa Latin arufabheti, iyo akatanga muna 50s remakore rechi19 mamishinari European. Muzana remakore rechigumi, panzvimbo arufabheti Latin aiva tsamba starosuahiliyskoe (arabitsa), panopinda kupfuura yakakura ramakore rechi18 rakanyorwa - ". The Book Heraclius" Alphabet rine 24 tsamba, umo musina X uye Q, uye C iri ikashandiswa ch.

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Mitauro characterization rinozivisa zvenzwi matatu mumutauro: kumusoro, pasi uye kuwa. Remutauro ane dzino mbiri nemavara uye implosive eyektivny. Pakati hwokufananidzira zviri mhuri Afro-asiatic mitauro, Hausa anoti prefixed conjugation uye zvemukati flexion.

Mumazuva remakore rechi19 zviri rwechiHebheru aishandisa arufabheti Arabic - Ajam. Kutanga kubva 30s wekupedzisira remakore rakatanga kushandiswa arufabheti, nheyo ndiwo mutauro muchiLatin. In Nigeria, kuti mabhuku mitemo mutauro dzinobva nendimi Kano. Panyaya Republic of Niger, pachine pasina mutauro wakanyorwa.

Hausa - African mutauro interethnic yokukurukurirana, kunyanya pakati vechiMuslim. Uwandu remutauro vatakuri vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 24, saka razova kupfuura ari Chadian bazi. mutauro African Hausa ndihwo kuchamhembe Nigeria uye muRepublic of Niger. remutauro kushandisa musiyano izvi munyika mbiri tsamba imwe chete. ƴ - saka makanyorwa muna Niger, uye so'y yaishandiswa Northern Nigeria.