Mune dzimwe nyika, pane naTidhari simba?

Hydroelectric simba zvinomera uye naTidhari simba panguva vari vaizotibata chaizvo simba zvivako. Izvi zvinhu naTidhari simba ichakurukurwa: zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira pamusoro naTidhari simba, kushanda musimboti, kuita koira uye vakaronga tote zvinhu.

Alternative simba mabhuku: muchidimbu

Nhasi, ramangwana manyuko simba inobereka yepasisa pfungwa kwete chete dzezvakatipoteredza uye masayendisiti, asiwo vanamuzvinabhizimisi, mainjiniya uye makambani. Alternative simba manyuko (Maze, zuva, mhepo) vari kufarira nokuda pfupi yakaderera profitability uye zvakatipoteredza nokutyisidzirwa kuchengeteka. Muna 2010, non-tsika zvinyorwa kuitira simba chakaita kuti vanenge 5% yose inowanwa kuparadzwa nevanhu. Anenge 2% (pamusoro yose ukoshi) zvakanzi zvakashanda naTidhari simba.

Sei naTidhari simba

Nesimba nemafungu vanofarira vanhu panzvimbo yokutanga yake hariperi. Yokutanga kuedza kurishandisa vabatsirwe musi kudzokera rechigumi remakore, kana vakatanga kuvaka chiduku dhamu rine mvura tangi, uye gare gare tsanga zvigayo. prototypes aya ano naTidhari simba dzichiri kushandiswa National upfumi.

With kuwanikwa magetsi, zvemaziso "simba" vakanga yakatsiviwa Kunyatsoziva munhu ano. Nhasi, nesimba nemafungu anoshandura kupfuura madzinde hombe turbines uye dzikwanise magetsi simba. Saka, zano sezvo ari emakore mashoma apfuura, dzakachinjwa chete zvishoma pasi kuitika ezvinhu uye kwakawedzera kudiwa.

simba zvinetso Maze

Kuvakwa naTidhari simba - muviri dzinodhura kwazvo. Uyezve, kubva mari nemaonero zvinobetsera kuvakwa mikuru koira, riri zvikuru dzisingashandi kuti kure kana dzakati nevakabva kumatunhu. Zvimwe zvinetso zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• nokufamba iri musimba naTidhari simba chirimwa, iyo chokuita nokuchinja naTidhari yakakwirira (kuchinja naTidhari simba) masvondo maviri ose;

• mismatching pakati zvatinosiita mumazuva jeka kubva panguva panowanikwa nemafungu;

• optimum nguva kuchinja pakati simba chizvarwa uye kunwa;

• mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoda mamwe simba kune pedyo naTidhari simba.

Uyewo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti yezviri vanoparadza naTidhari simba miti kuchaita zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza zvisina kare zvaizivikanwa vanhu - the chinovhiringidza pakati kutenderera Nyika. The yokupedzisira haisi akatsinhira chiremera manyuko munharaunda sayenzi. Employment imwe yakawanda koira kuchawedzera kureba zuva mari nguva mapfumbamwe zvishoma pane naTidhari simba (dzinongoitika naTidhari braking).

Benefits kuvakwa naTidhari simba

Tikafunga nenjodzi uye njodzi kuti kuitika renyukireya simba miti hariwanikwi, asi kusiya ndangariro pachake kwenguva refu, nzira simba mabhuku Dzakafanana yakachengeteka kumwe. Uye kunyange zvazvo matambudziko pakuvaka naTidhari simba yakakwana, kubatsira vari vazhinji;

1. Zvakatipoteredza noushamwari. Kana njodzi nomunhu koira mukana pamwe unozotevera kusvibiswa ndima huru wakaderedzwa kusvika razero. No choutsi ngozi kubva mafuta combustion.

2. Kuvimbika. Tidal simba stably anoshanda mune mwero rudzi uye chinenge zvinorema.

3. Low simba mutengo. Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando simba zvinomera, koira ane pasi mari simba, iyo kwechokwadi chaiko migumisiro kushanda.

4. High kunyatsoshanda. The kutendeuka kunyatsoshanda rwokuzvarwa simba mune kushandisika 80%, ukuwo mhepo simba goho kusvika 30% zvinhu, uye zuva simba - avhareji 5-15%, asi pane dzimwe nguva zvakanga zvichiita kuti andobata uye 35% kunyatsoshanda.

La Rance: wokutanga naTidhari simba chirimwa

Achinyora pfungwa kuparadzira naTidhari simba raiva gore 1967 apo akaiswa kushanda, "La Rance" - the koira wokutanga, iri muFrance, munzvimbo enhoroondo mudunhu Brittany. Achishandisa simba mafungu emvura pano kwakakonzerwa guru Maze richisvika gumi nehafu metres pa zvatinosiita kukwirira mamita masere.

Koira Power "La Rance" - 240 MW, uye mutengo chete chairema simba (KW \ h) uye kudzika pane dzose nehafu nguva nokuti simba French. Dam simba chiteshi kwete chete anoita basa kuunza ishande simba nzvimbo, asi bhiriji pamusoro iyo inopfuura mumugwagwa unobatanidza muguta Dinard uye St. Malo. Uyezve, "La Rance" ndiyo nzvimbo yakakurumbira kukwezvana kuti anokwevera muFrance uye zviuru mazana maviri vaifamba.

Koira muSouth Korea: simba kupfuura simba chirimwa

Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station - imwe nyaya inokosha dzimwe simba, riri kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo South Korea mune rakagadzirwa nevanhu bay. Chirimwa paakatumwa muna 2011 uye akakurumidza akasunda kune wechipiri nzvimbo pamusoro simba rokutanga nyika koira.

Zvakananga pashure kuvakwa simba miti vanofanira kusika gungwa nemvura yakachena. Gare gare, mvura unhu akatanga kuderera, uye muna 1997 (mushure achisimbisa kufungidzira uye vave zvinogadzirisa Marine Research Institute) kwakasarudzwa kuti buri dike. Izvi zvaiita kuti kushandisa simba mafungu emvura. Kuvaka TPP chakatangwa muna 2003 uye yaizotongwa pakuparurwa muna 2009. Nokuda pokumbononotswa pakuvaka simba chirimwa kwakatangwa muna 2011.

Tidal simba zvirimwa mune dzimwe nyika

Countries kuti kushandisa simba mafungu emvura, hakungoitwi France uye mberi Tech South Korea. Tidal simba nenhepfenyuro dziri kushanda mu:

• UK;

• Norway;

• Canada;

• China;

• India;

• United States of America.

Kunyange vamwe inoti vari kuronga kuvaka zvivako zvakadaro.

Tidal simba chirimwa muRussia

MuRussia, naTidhari simba rinoshandiswa kubva 1968 ari gadziriro iri experimental kushanda koira mune acidic Guba muGungwa Barents (ona mufananidzo). Projects pakuvaka naTidhari simba miti yakawanda matatu (rimwe muGungwa White, uye vaviri - mu Gungwa Okhotsk) yakagadzirwa panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. On mamiriro mamiriro zvose zvinhu Hazvizivikanwi, apo Mezenskaya koira, projected muna Arkhangelsk nharaunda, ane mukana kuva simba kupfuura naTidhari simba chirimwa munyika. Uyewo, magadzirirwo danho iri North koira pamusoro Kola Peninsula.

Plans kuti zvishandiswezve

Tidal simba kunozivikanwa dzakawanda vachivimbisa bhuku, saka kuti panguva ino kukura anoverengeka zvaMambo koira dzakasiyana-siyana munyika vari kushingaira kuitwa. Saka, kuvakwa naTidhari simba miti vakaronga munguva pfupi iri South Korea, Scotland, vari Indian mamiriro Gujarat, New York uye Swansea muUK. Kushandisa pfungwa iyi zvekuvaka kuchaita kuderedza kuti chikamu simba anogadzirwa chetsika nzira, yakananga zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza noushamwari, hwakavimbika uye yakachengeteka mhinduro.