Muratidze Libya: vakawanda, dzezvoupfumi, jogirafi, dzinza akafanana

State reRibhiya nhasi ndechimwe kumbonyanya vakabudirira dzomuAfrica. It riri kuchamhembe kwenyika yacho. State nharaunda vanenge 1 760 zviuru. ^Km2. Capital - guta Tripoli.

Kuchamhembe, Libya ane nzira yokubudisa kuGungwa reMediterranean, saka ndiyo nyika huru yomuAfrica muna kuMediterranean. Coexists neIjipiti, Algeria, Tunisia, Chad uye Niger.

nyaya

Country Libya - nyika vane nhoroondo yakatanga kune vekare. Maererano matongo Zvakafukunurwa, masayendisiti akawana kuti vekare vanhu iyi nharaunda musi shure neolithic kumwedzi. Munguva yekare yenhoroondo reRibhiya akapfuura pamaoko kuisa uye akanga anazvo panguva dzakasiyana nguva muCarthage, Fenikiya, Ancient Greece uye Rome, Byzantium. In remakore VII akabatana reArab Caliphate.
KuMiddle Ages, ari XVI remakore rakanga ratorwa ne hweTurkey. Kubva nguva iri munharaunda yacho yapararira Islam. Yakaramba iri chikamu Empire kusvikira nemukuparadzwa kwawo muna 1911. Abereka muhutongi Italy.

The yakachinja nehurumende

Its rusununguko munyika wakagamuchira 1951, achiva United Kingdom. Zvisinei, mambo rakaparadzwa muna 1969 uye kuuya nesimba Socialist, rinotungamirirwa Muammar Gaddafi, ari Libyan Arab Republic aumba. Gare gare, hurumende Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Jamahiriya (pavazhinjisa). Ndiro zita rakapiwa munharaunda Libya ano. Population muna 2011, panguva kwezvematongerwo enyika uye hondo yevagari, achibatsirwa vaitsoropodza uye kuipandukira akapidigura rapfuura hurumende inotungamirirwa Gaddafi. Sezvo pane kugara nemauto musazonetsanazve vasingagoni adzikame, uye zvino nyika iri ezvinhu yevagari vemo.

Name wehurumende

Zita renyika rinobva yekare nendimi Berber marudzi vanogara mundima idzi. Kubatanidzwa vanhu vokutanga enyika akanzi "Lieb" zvakazova ezvinhu uye kuumbwa idzi. Pasi mitemo kushandurirwa kupinda Russian of Arab tumitauro, zvingava zvakarurama achishevedza nyika "Libya", asi kuti vawane nzvimbo pamberi "Libya" uye anoramba mureza wakaiswa.

nenzvimbo mamirire

Libya nhasi ndiyo 90% kubva kurenje, kunyange kare paiva zvakawanda zvinomera. Kumavirira inokwira zvishoma befu, pova rakaorera Murzuq Desert uye Aubari. Hekuno yakakwirira munyika - akanga Bikku Bitti (2 267m). Pedyo nemhenderekedzo kurenje unobuda, kusiya chiduku nzvimbo munyika arable. nzvimbo iyi anopindura chete 1% of zvachose nzvimbo, asi anopa zvokudya Libya anoda. Nemhenderekedzo ari mukati, kureba kwarwo 1770? Km. The Kudeuka Bay - Sidra.

Climate

Climate Libya, ane vakawanda anotambura zvisingatarisirwi majana ose mamiriro okunze, inozivikanwa munyika mugwenga uye pamahombekombe. Mugwenga - pakaoma okunze, dzinopisa, pamwe mamirire unopinza nokufamba kupisa masikati nousiku. Zvinoreva tembiricha January Desert + 15 ° C ... + 18 ° C, muna July + 40 ° C ... + 45 ° C. Kazhinji chiratidzo ichi ichiwedzerwa kuti + 50 ° C. Maiva mugwenga, kure guru, akanyora kunonyanyisa tembiricha iri nyika + 57,8 ° C. Kuchamhembe chikamu mamiriro zvishoma munyoro ekunze - subtropical, Mediterranean mhando. Precipitation pano inowira mugore 200-250 mm. Mugwenga chikamu Nhamba iyi ipfupi kuti 50-100 mm / gore. Zvose munzvimbo inongogara vachiridza madutu guruva (Khamsin, akafa). Vazhinji ndima kukodzera kuti kurima. Nokuda okunze, kasvisto uye fauna of munyika murombo chaizvo. Yokuti kare vashomanana vanogara Libya raMwari achitambura zvikuru - kugara nzara aripo.

Vagari Libya

Pasinei guru nzvimbo ehurumende, vanhu chete vanenge 6 miriyoni vanogara Libya. Vazhinji vanenge vakaungana kuchamhembe zvikamu mamiriro, mararamiro sezvo vari munhu munyoro okunze kuronga. 88% vanhu vanogara mumaguta makuru: guru Tripoli neguta Benghazi. The arambe achirema chavagari reRibhiya vanhu 50 paminiti 1 km ^2. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nhamba iyi duku zvakakwana.

A maitiro chepfungwa vakawanda ndechokuti chimwe muzvitatu vanhu vaigara Libya - vana makore 15. kusaruramisira kwakadaro nokuti kuti munguva yehondo akauraya vanopfuura 50 zviuru. Vanhu mumakore achangopfuura. vemo vakura. Uyewo, vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1. Vanhu vakatama kubva munyika.

marudzi

Pakuurayiwa National Kuronga vanhu Libya ndiye homogeneous. Most - maArab. Uye guta pane ari dzinza ose Circassians, Tuareg Berbers. kuti igarwe zhinji chikamu munharaunda Libya. Vagari paMhenderekedzo yeMediterranean rinoumbwa mashoma munharaunda vaGiriki, Maltese, kuItaly. Vari kunyanya kuita hove. The yepamutemo mutauro wehurumende - Arabic. Dzimwe nguva pane vokuItaly uye Chirungu.

97% yevanhu vanozviti Sunni Islam. Chikristu zvishoma zvishoma pane 3%. Singly undosangana vamiriri zvimwe zvitendero.

Administrative kupesana uye zvoupfumi unhu

Kubvira 2007, Libya yave akatanga gadziriro itsva administrative kupesana. Hurumende iri muzvikamu 22 makanzuru.

Kwenguva refu njodzi Libya (population anotambura kwemazana emakore anoverengeka) yakaumbwa kunaka chaizvo. Akanga mumwe varombo kunyika yose, asi kuti mumakore 60 apfuura, zvinhu zvakachinja. Rakanga akawanikwa panguva iyi munharaunda yacho deposits kupfuura mafuta. Nokuti vose pfuma dzevanhu zvaikandwa pamusoro pokumuka mafuta indasitiri, padanho kukura mamwe maindasitiri pasi uye pashure ivo zvachose vakarega ichishanduka.

Kuwedzera oiri mu Libya iri zvakawanda kana zvishoma dzakabudirira chete zvokurima, iyo inopa emunzvimbo chete.

The nemagariro pamwero nyika - paavhareji. Vanopfuura 90% vanhu vaigara makore 16 anogona kuverenga uye kunyora. Zvisinei, nhamba yevanhu Libya iri zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikira, nekuti kugara pano uye kuwana dzidzo yepamusorosoro, kusanganisira zvekushandisa dzidzo, ndiye nani zvakaoma nokuda rusingaperi kurwisana nezvombo. mari yose kuti nyika inoenda muchiuto kuchengeteka.