Ndekupi kwakabva muRwizi Yenisei. Rwizi Yenisei: inobva mumuromo uye muromo

MuGungwa reKara (kumucheto kweActic Ocean) yakasimba Yenisei inotakura mvura yayo. Mune hurumende yehurumende (State Register of Water Objects) inosimbiswa: inobva muRwizi Yenisei ndiyo nzvimbo yekutenderera kweYinisei Small neBolshoy. Asi havasi vese geographer vanobvumirana nehinhu ichi. Kupindura mubvunzo wekuti "Ndeipi iyo inobva kuRwizi rweYenisei?", Dzinoratidza dzimwe nzvimbo pamamapa, kupa mamwe mavhesi kuti aenzanise huwandu hworwizi uye, semagumisiro, mamwe maitiro ehutrological.

Mamwe maitiro eYenisei

Maererano ne-hydrogeological zviratidzo zvekuwanika kwemvura, Yenisei ndiye mutungamiri pakati pemiti mitanhatu yakakura muRussia.

Dzimwe shanduro

Mamwe masayendisiti haabvumi nemashoko ehurumende uye anotora dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda yechitubu cheRwizi Yenisei, achikakavadzana kuti inobva murwizi inotanga kubva pane nzvimbo iyo rwizi runogara ruchioneka zvakajeka. Inogona kuva chitubu, kuyerera kwemvura kubva kumhenderekedzo, gungwa kana kubva pasi pegungwa.

Tafura inoratidza kuratidzwa kwemvura nzizi. Nokuti Yenisei, Lena, Amur uye Ob vanotorwa nekuda kwekutanga kwavo nzvimbo dzekutenderera kwemahombekombe makuru mukumusoro kwepamusoro. Semuenzaniso, tsime reMu River ndeyekuti mamwe ma geographer anofunga kuti Irtysh River. Zvadaro tinokwanisa kutaura pamusoro pehurefu hweRwizi rwaObhu pa5410 km. Kutora kutanga kweMu River kwekutanga kweKatun, tichawana 4338 km. Sezvo zvinogona kuonekwa, zvinoguma mumatauro ose aya zvichasiyana zvikuru kubva kune avo vakuru, zvichienderana nenyaya ipi inotorwa se zero yekuyera kuwanda kwehova. Muenzaniso wekuyera urefu hwe Cupid unofananidzwa. Muhurumende yemvura rejista, urefu hwakatarwa - 2,824 km - hunotsanangurwa kubva pakubatana kweShilka neArgun, uye kana khilomera kuverengwa inobva kune zvakabva Argun, kureba kweAmur kune 4440 km. Ichokwadi chinyorwa cheLena chinotanga pamusana wemakore 1680 m, uye mumagwaro ehurumende iyi ichinhu chakakonzerwa nekatsetse re 1480 m, naizvozvo, urefu hweLena munharaunda hukuru kudarika 3448 km.

Maverengero akaenzana

Isu tinoverenga maererano nemitemo iyi urefu hwemvura, kutora kure nemakiromita 605 kubva kune Rwizi rweYenisei, tichishandisa tsanangudzo yekuverenga pamusoro pehuwandu hweBolshoy Yenisei Rwizi. Iyo yakareba kudarika Duku (563 km). Pakazara, makiromita 4,092 achawanikwa - uye iyi ndiyo urefu hweYenisei maererano ne "Russian" version.

Asi kune "mongolian" nheyo, maererano nehurefu hweiyo Small Yenisei, ichifunga nezvekupinda mukati mayo kusvika kumusoro - 615 km. Zvadaro urefu hweYenisei ndi 5002 km.

Vamwe vepanharaunda vanopa chetatu nzira yekuverenga urefu, vachikakavadzana kuti zvinobva muRwizi Yenisei ndiro Rwizi rwa Selenga, runobva kuMongolia uye runopinda muGungwa reBaikal. Kureba kwayo ndeye 1024 km, uye ndiyo yakakura pakati pemakungwa 336 nenzizi dzinodyisa dziva. Mune shanduro iyi, zvimwe zvikamu zvinotorwa munyaya iyi: kureba Rwizi rweAngara muna 1779 km, pamwe nekureba pakati pomuromo weSelenga uye mhepo yeAngara iri munharaunda yeLake Baikal. Somugumisiro, kuburikidza nekuwedzera urefu hwakaratidzwa nemakiromita kubva mumuromo weYenisei kusvika kune chitendero cheAngara mauri, urefu hwemvura ndeye 5075 m Asi mubvunzo unomuka kana kutarisa Yenisei sehova huru, kana kuti ichava mutongi weAngara, uye kusvika pakubatana kwavo kweAngara Yakapararira mu 2-3 nguva Yenisei. Mubvunzo wechipiri ndewokuti: Lake Lake Baikal ine nzvimbo yegungwa here, kana kuti chikamu cheYenisei (Angara)?

Kubva pakureba kwemvura kunzvimbo yakajeka kunobva kune imwe nzvimbo yehova, iyo inosanganisira Rwizi Yenisei. Nzvimbo uye denga rakasimbiswa mune imwe neimwe yezvinyorwa izvi zvinowedzera kuwedzera mamwe magetsi emvura (nharaunda, nzvimbo yekubuda kwemvura uye gore negore).

Official reference point

Saka ndeipi nzvimbo inofanira kutorwa nekuda kwerwizi rweYenisei? Zvingangodaro, zvakakosha kuomerera kune data yeHurumende yeMvura Water Register. Mariri nzvimbo yekutenderera kwemitsara miviri yemakomo (Big and Small Yenisey) iri kure nemakiromita 3487 kubva kumusangano weRwizi kusvikira kuGungwa reKara uye zvinoratidzwa kuti Rwizi rweYenisei runotangira kubva pano. "Wikipedia" inobudisa pfungwa iyi. Kurongeka kwaro kunoratidzwa: kumaodzanyemba 51 deg deg. 43 min. 47 seconds, kumabvazuva longitude 94 deg. 27 min. 18 seconds Ukuru hwemvura yeYenisei ndi 619.5 m pamusoro pegungwa.

Kuwira uye kutsetseka kwerwizi

Nzvimbo dzezvikomo zveAltai-Sayan, mahombekombe emadziva emvura, Minusinsk mashizha - aya mafomu makuru ekuyamura anofambisa Rwizi Yenisei. Mhedzisiro uye muromo uri mumasikirwo akadaro ehupamhi hwepasi: kubva 619.5 m kusvika 0 m (gungwa rezinga). Dheta rose iri 619.5 m, uye inowanikwa mumatope ndeye 0.18 m / km. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti pamakiromita ega emusangano wekuyerera kune kuderera kwepamusoro kwayo kusvika 18 cm, pakuenzanisa nepamusoro kusvika.

Kutsauka kwakadaro kwerwizi kwaizova pakuda kwekufananidza kwenzvimbo yepasi kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuchamhembe. Asi zvakasikwa zvepasi hazvina kugovera nzvimbo yakanaka ye geometry. Nokudaro, Rwizi rweYenisei (iyo mhedzisiro uye muromo pano uye zvichienderera mberi mumagwaro zvakagamuchirwa maererano nehutungamiri ruzivo), zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye nzvimbo yepamusoro yenzvimbo yacho, yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvitatu-kumusoro, pakati nepasi.

Upper Yenisei

Nzvimbo iyi inotanga apo kunobva Mvura Yenisei. Chikamu cheUpper Yenisei (zita remunharaunda yeRwizi ndiUlug-Khem) ndiro 600 km. Icho chinopera pamusangano weKakan River une kukwirira kwema 243.6 m. Kureba kweropa reYenisei ndiro 619.5 m. Kureba kwema 188 km, rutivi rwomukati rwuri kubva pa100 kusvika 650 m nekudzika pakunosvika kusvika 4 kusvika 12 m, kusvika 1 m mitezo. Kuyerera kwevelocity mu rapids metam kunosvika 8 m / s, muzana wekukurumidza muzhizha 2-2.5 m / s. Zvadaro, 290 km long reservoir yakaumbwa nedhamu re Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric dam, 236 m inopera, rinotanga Makiromita mashomanana kubva ipapo, pane doro duku reMainskaya HPP rine urefu hwemakiromita 21,5.

Kuwa kweUpper Yenisei ndiko 375.9 m. Mutsetse wekutseterera ndewe 0.63 m kwekilomera yemutambo. Maitiro ezvokuputsika kwakadaro zvinowanzoenderana nemakomo emvura nzizi, zvinowirirana nemamiriro ezvinhu epasi (Sayan Canyon, kuchamhembe kweTuva Basin, rapids, high flow velocity).

Middle Yenisei

Kutanga kwechikamu chepakati cheYenisei chinonzi ndicho chisimbiso che r. Abakan - pa2887 km kubva mumuromo nemakiromita 243.6 Mvura inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma zviratidzo zvayo zvemakomo. Mupata unova wakafara (kusvika pamakiromita mashanu), kukurumidza kwemazuva ano kunoderera kusvika 1-2 m / s mumuganhu wakafara mamita 500 m.

Ivhareji Yenisei inotanga nejeri reKrasnoyarsk, kureba kwayo iri 388 km nehupamhi hwehupamhi hwemakiromita gumi nemashanu. Muganhu wakaderera weimba yekugadzira yakakwirira kupfuura Krasnoyarsk.

Endsya Middle Enisei pamusana weRwizi rweAngara pa 2137 km kubva pamuromo nemakiromita 79 m. Pakati peKrasnoyarsk neStrelka (kugarisana pedyo nemuromo weAngara) rutivi rweYenisei runosvika 1300 m, iye zvino inoderera kusvika kusvika ku8 m / s.

Kureba kweMiddle Yenisei ndi 750 km. Nzvimbo yakakonzerwa nenzvimbo yacho nehuwandu hwekudarika 164.9 m is 0.22 m - nekhilomitha imwe neimwe yekutangira kuchamhembe kuGungwa reKara mhara "inowira" ne22 cm.

Lower Yenisei

Iyi ndiyo yakatambanudzwa kudarika urefu hwemakiromita 2,137 - kubva ku confluence yeAngara kumuromo weYenisei muSopochnaya Karga line. Mushure mekusangana kweTunguska yezasi, mubhedha unowedzera, unosvika 5 km. Ikozvino inoderera kusvika ku 0.2 m / s. Muhombekombe, rwizi runoparadzaniswa kuva 4 mazamu makuru, rimwe nerimwe raanonzi Yenisei, asi rinowedzerwa nenotsanangudzo: Okhotsk, Kamenny, Bolshoy uye Maly. Izvo zvizere zvikamu zvemasheni ndeye 50 km. Pakati pezviwato, zvikepe zveBrekhov zvakakura, zvinoputika izvo, zvinodzokerazve zvakare mune imwe nzira, zvichiumba Yenisei Gulf pedyo nechekunze kweGungwa reKara. Rwizi rune ruzivo rwebani: mutsetse hausi kupfuura 0,04 (kusvika kusvika 4 cm pamakiromita), kumhanya kwemazuva ano kunenge kusinganzwisisiki, kazhinji kune matanho anokonzera - kuyerera kwemvura kubva pagungwa kusvika muhombe.

Hydrology of the river

Zvokudya zveYenisei zvinosanganiswa, zvinoumba hafu yechando. Chikamu chemvura - 35%, mvura yepasi mumvura yepamusoro inopa 15%, kusvika pasi inosvika pakupinda kwavo mukudyisa rwizi kwakaderedzwa.

Ledostav, vatungamiri vese vari mumvura-yechando uye yekutonhorera kwechando, inotangira kubva kumucheto kusvika pasi kwekutanga kwaOctober, pakati nepakati kusvika kusvika apa pakati peNovember, mukumusoro-kusvika kusvika-kuguma kweNovember-December. Nguva yechando inopera zvakaderedzwa.

Mvura inoputika yakatambanudzwa, kutanga pavejiyano Yenisei kubva pakupera kwaApril. Munzvimbo yepamusoro inosvika iyo inotanga zvishoma gare gare. Muchikamu chepamusoro chinosvika - kubva pakati paMay kusvika kumakore gumi ekutanga aJune. Apo mazaya echando akaumbwa. Kurera mazinga kusvika mamiriyoni manomwe mumakandire uye kusvika mamiriyoni 16 mumaketani emutambo. Muchikamu chepamusoro chinosvika kumwero mukuru - kusvika mamiriyoni 28 (Kureika), asi kune denga, inodonha kusvika mamiriyoni 12.

Chii chinozivikanwa nokuda kwebaba-Yenisei

Ukuru: rwizi runotanga kusvika muTAT-5 yemirwizi mikuru muRussia.

Inopinda nepakati peAsia - guta guru reTuva, guta reKyzyl.

Inoparadzanisa nharaunda yaro Western Western Siberia kubva kumabvazuva uye hafu inoparadzanisa zvinyorwa zveRussia.

"Ndeipi iyo inobva muRwizi Yenisei?" - nyaya iyi ichiri kukonzera kuwanda kwekusagamuchirwa pakati pevane geographers.

Iwe unogona kubva kuMongolia uchienda kuGungwa reKara, uchikwirirana pedyo neSelenga, Lake Baikal, Angara uye Yenisei.