Ndezvipi mirairo Dzorudzidziso hwakasimbiswa akakunda nyika? MuHondo uye migumisiro yazvo

MuHondo zvakaitwa Vagari Western Europe iri 11-15 fung emakore AD, uye chinangwa chavo chaiva kutendeuka wechihedheni marudzi chiKristu kana kusunungura dzinoyera dzechiKristu kubva pejoko infidels.

Tanga of Crusader rwokufamba

In March 1095 wakapfuura neDare Clermont, pashure iyo Pope Urban akadana vokuEurope kuenda kuMabvazuva. Zvikonzero bato iri akafunga kwezvokudya vanhu Europe uye kudiwa kutora nzvimbo vechiKristu tsvene pakati pevahedheni. Saka akatanga kuumba Order pakati Dzorudzidziso, vakanga kuenda kufora kuvaHedheni, uye akakurudzira vanhuwo kuti abatane.

Movies makore 1095-1290 akagadzirirwa vabate Jerusarema, iro raigara Mutsvene neguva. Mumazuva iwayo, vaKristu akarwa vokuTurkey, pamwe nevahedheni mu kuBaltic States uye Eastern Slavs, vaizviti chakasiyana chiKristu mhando. Pope Urban II akaita wepachokwadi ideologue mushandirapamwe pamusoro vokuTurkey, uye vose vaya akabvuma kurwa parutivi rwake, akavimbisa wakakwana abolition mamiriro zvikwereti zvavo uye regera nemhuri dzavo, vakanga vasara Europe. Vanhu pasi pomureza wake vaiva vazhinji, uye saka nechisimba Dzorudzidziso kuMabvazuva kwakaitika.

Migumisiro wokutanga pamushandirapamwe

Sezvo pfungwa Pope Urban yakaparidzwa kwete chete Knights uye vanokudzwa uye vanhuwo zvavo, uye ipapo vakaenda East hondo huru. Somugumisiro, Jerusarema yakakundwa muna 1099 raiva dzakavamba gore umambo Jerusarema.

Kuva nechido vechikamu kuti kushingirira vakakuchidzira zvakare nyaya kuti vokuTurkey yakakunda Jerusarema, akatambudza vafambi vechiKristu uye akavamanikidza doro.

Akava mambo weJerusarema Baldwin, hama mutungamiriri Hondo, Godfrey pakati Bouillon rokutanga. Akawedzera kundima ake yeBeirut neSidhoni. Baldwin kunonyanya kukonzera chii zvirevo akasimbisa Dzorudzidziso ari vakakunda nyika. Saka, pano pane zvakasiyana-siyana aivapo vokuItaly vanenge vapiwa mvumo kuchinjanisa uye akazaruka zvengarava. The hurongwa akatarira Knights, uyo muumambo ichi akazarura hurongwa hwavo.

Other Crusader inoti

The Kingdom kweJerusarema akanga asiri oga hurumende kuti akasika vairwa muhondo dzemachechi. Iyi yakanga yakavakirwa County pamusoro Edessa, Andiyoki kweutongi, Tripoli County. Paiva Revashumiri Knights St. John the Dzorudzidziso.

Kwavabati muAndiyoki rwaigara reMediterranean pamhenderekedzo, uye yakanga ine vanhu varume vanenge zviuru makumi matatu. Achiri vaigara ikoko Dzorudzidziso, vaibva kuItaly uye Normandy.

County pamusoro Edessa akazviratidza muna 1098, uye akaonekwa nyika Pakutangatanga rinogarwa nokuda vokuArmenia. dunhu uyu nzvimbo yakakura, asi hazvina kuwana mvura miviri. Residents paiva vanhu vanenge 10 000. The dunhu aiva muranda ndima. The Crusader inoti, mepu rakanga kubva vatongi vaMuslim, paiva pfupi.

The kota wegumi remakore rokutanga aizivikanwa chokuti vaiva Hondo Tsvene yakawedzera. In varwi 1100 Kristu, guta Tripoli uye Kesariya, makore maviri gare gare akabatwa Acre. Pashure kuti akasikwa Tripoli County. Muchitsauko ake akaratidza Bertrand, Count of Toulouse. Ndezvipi mirairo Dzorudzidziso hwakasimbiswa yakakunda nyika, unogona vachatongwa sei maguta mazhinji akapiswa, uye vagari vakawanda vakaurayiwa.

The Kuderera ushe muJerusarema

Ichatonga zvine mbiri munharaunda iyi yakaitika munguva yokutonga Balduina Edesskogo. Aionekwa munhu, zvitendero vanocherechedza Christian neururami, aiva mudzimai - Koroleva Melisenda - uye mwanakomana. Baldwin mwanakomana wake akamutevera mutemo wechitatu umambo pashure pokufa kwababa vake. Panguva iyi, Crusader inoti kuMabvazuva vakaungana uye akava ikure chitendero chechiKristu. Third akava mugari wenhaka Baldwin Baldwin wechina.

Kubva 1185 akatanga kuderera youmambo. Change vatongi wandei. Muna 1189 iri kuuya muumambo ichi rinowanikwa Salahaddin mambo nehondo yake Islamic. Vanodya kukombwa kweJerusarema, iro inovanza yakawanda vaKristu anotiza. Mushure kubatwa paguta vaigaramo akapona, asi vaifanira kubhadhara rudzikinuro. Regai kubhadhara rudzikinuro vakava varanda. Veko yeuka chii zvirevo akasimbisa Dzorudzidziso ari yakakunda nyika, uye saka zvingangoita kuti vakatsauka pasi pokutonga Muslim Sultan.

Muna 1229, Korol Fridrih II panguva kweguta kunyika nhaka vaKristu. Asi nokukurumidza vaMuslim vakatapa naye zvakare, uye muna 1285 pakupedzisira Knights vachapukunyuka kuSaipurasi, vachisiya Jerusarema Muslim echiShinto. A guru muchinangwa kubatwa Jerusarema airidza Mamluk Sultan Baybars. Dzorudzidziso hondo pamwe vaMuslim rwakatora mazuva matatu.

Vana Hondo

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa mapeji muHondo ndiyo Vana Hondo, kwakatanga muna 1212. Mune rimwe French misha akazviratidza mufudzi Stefan, uyo akazivisa kuti vaifungidzirwa zvinogoneka chete tichibatsirwa vana pakusunungura Mutsvene muguva, uye akakurudzira vana kuenda kuJerusarema. Somugumisiro, akakwanisa kuunganidza kusvika vateveri zviuru makumi matatu.

Zvakazoitwa kutapwa kwavo vainzwisa tsitsi kuumbwa: vamwe vakaurayiwa njodzi dzakasiyana-siyana, vamwe vakanga muuranda. Vazhinji vakafa munzira. Zvadaro, Papa avasunungura kubva crusading mhiko, Kumbomira Implementation kwayo kusvikira vayaruka yavo.

muHondo kuMiddle East akaita sei

The simba muHondo munhoroondo uye upfumi munyika dzakasiyana chinoreva zvakawanda. Kudivi rimwe, nokuda kwaizvozvo kwaiva kuwedzera maguta Italian umo basa yakatanga. Ukuwo, upfumi uye tsika weSiriya uye Palestine vaiva kuderera. Zvakawanda zvaitsamira chii zvirevo akasimbisa Dzorudzidziso ari vakakunda nyika.

Siriya Palestine nemhaka vachirwisa ari Dzorudzidziso, maguta akawanda vakaparadzwa uye kupiswa. Cities akadai Edessa, Ashikeroni uye Qaisar, pakupedzisira akaenda zvachose. Muna 1227 akanga pakupedzisira akaparadza Tinnis, rechitatu pakukura guta ipapo yeEgipita. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nematatu ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa chikamu Palestine aiva matongo nyika, apo pasina munhu akamboda kugadzirisa.

handicraft dzakawanda Nzvimbo eSiriya Palestine vakanga zvachose kuparadzwa uye haana akadzorerwa, uye vanhu vakabva ikoko kuIjipiti.