Kuchinja Khrushchev vake zvematongerwo enyika

Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev akapinda nhoroondo USSR uye Russia sezvo mutongi kupfuura dzichipesana, kukanganiswa kukura itsva mirayiridzo dzimwe mudzimba mutemo pamusoro USSR uye kunze gumi kwake anoverengeka kuchinja.

Internal mitemo pamusoro Khrushchev

rufu Stalin muna 1953 kwakaita kuti hondo pakavanda nzvimbo pachigaro "choumambo", asi nzvimbo First Munyori CPSU Khrushchev akaenda. Panguva XX-fung Congress (1956) akaita mushumo, vakagamuchira resonance yose. Mukuru wenyaya raiva nokufumura unhu Chitendero pakati Stalin, uchinyora dzinoverengeka mhosva 30s-50s. uye hasha kutsoropodzwa kwayo udzvanyiriri. Kuvamba de-Stalinization uye democratization.

Khrushchev kuti kuchinja

De-Stalinization akanga Zvisinei, hapana urongwa, hapana kuvimbika. Maererano nezvinodavirwa Khrushchev, raiva kutongwa kunamatwa Stalin uye kugadzwa kudzora bato pamusoro kuri zvomukati. Pane kudzorerwa mutemo nokugadzikana, kwemitemo uye kodzero dzevagari vemunyika.

Khrushchev zvokuchinja zvinhu mberi - the kugadzirisa mubato rakanga raitwa democratization, kuchinja zvinhu nevamwe, kuti vave nemasimba masangano omunharaunda uye Union chinoda. Muna 1957 Akadzosera kodzero dzavanhu vakaburitswa ne Stalin. Kune zvitsva nhengo kuti vehurumende, etc.

pamutemo nadzurudzo

Kuedza kuenda zvakatungamirira kuomesa vebasa mamiriro, kuwedzera nhamba vakuru kune upfumi nzira management. Muna 1962 iye akaita kundikana akawanda zvokuchinja vakanga specialization masangano dzebato (maindasitiri uye okurima). Country rakakamurwa 105 zvoupfumi kumatunhu.

agrarian nadzurudzo

Khrushchev kuti pave nokunamata kwakachena kwakatanga zvokurima. Kubva 1953 kusimbaradza upfumi nezvenzvimbo mumapurazi, ukuru zvokurima mutero wacho wakaderedzwa. Farms zvakapa zvikwereti, kwakauya nzira itsva. Pakati pezana remakore 50s vakatanga zvavo kusingasaruri nenzvimbo - kushanduka kupinda ehurumende kumapurazi. Ipapo akasikwa uye zvoupfumi yevakuru.

Vanhuwo zvavo vakapiwa mapasipoti, rakanga dzakabatwa mudyandigere.

Corn yakakura rave kuva chikamu mufananidzo Khrushchev - (! Kuna Far North) kutevera muenzaniso United States tsika iyi vakatanga muchisimbisa iteererwe kwese, kunyange munzvimbo haugoni kukura, pfungwa,.

Muna 1954 chirongwa kwakatangwa kuti kukura mhandara dzose. Uchiteverwa unopinza pave negoho rakakura kokutanga akamutsa zvokuvakisa mutengo dzezviyo pamakore pashure pehondo. Asi kupera idzo dzaiva mhandara ivhu. Nonchernozem centre vakasvika standstill wakakwana.

Military Khrushchev kuti kuchinja

Pashure kuuya simba, akatora nenhungamiro kusimudza kudzivirira uye rinorema indasitiri. SA uye zvikepe atora zvenyukireya zvinokandwa. Maererano pakuenzanisa simba nevarwi USSR yakasvika parity pamwe US. We funga kutungamirirwa kukura mutemo pakati murunyararo coexistence pakati rinoti dzakasiyana sotsstroya.

chokugadzirisa magariro

Pashure kuitwa mutemo pamusoro kuripwa pensions kuti vanhuwo zvavo, kwakasarudzwa yokubvisa muripo mari mu chesekondari, dzidzo-gore masere anova zvairayirwa. Chiripo dzemunharaunda yokushanda nguva, kunyanya - a 6-awa kushanda zuva kuyaruka nemakore 16.

Vachishingaira kuwedzera redzimba unganidza. Housing kuvaka pazvikanganiso maindasitiri nzira. munyika redzimba wemari yakawedzera 40% mumakore manomwe! Zvisinei, kuvaka yakanga kuitwa wokugadzira, iyo aenda pasi munhoroondo odes anonzi "hruschoby", asi akanyangarika redzimba dambudziko.

Revana chakaguma kuchikoro-gore masere chete. Kugamuchira zvakakwana zvesekondari vanofanira kuramba dzidzo yavo polytechnic chikoro chesekondari (yekosi chikoro, manheru kana matsamba chikoro).

External Khrushchev urongwa

External ukama mumazuva iwayo munguva manyorero tsika mitemo yacho Bolsheviks. The chikuru kutungamirirwa wokumwe chezvawanyora kusimbisa kuchengeteka pamiganhu yose.

Achishingaira akavandudza nevanhu dzimwe nyika, kuonekwa pachaunga uye zvakanaka wongororo pamusoro dzimwe nyika. Kuwedzera tengeserana nomukadzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira tose tibatsirwe, nekuti nyika dzokuMadokero kuwana zvakawanda kumusika kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo.

Substantially zvakakanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu enyika pakuparurwa rokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite muna 1957, itsva, nzvimbo zera kunotanga. Khrushchev, mutsigiri mukuru Queen, izvozvo inotsigira pfungwa zvokubata vokuAmerica vari muchadenga kudziongorora.

Izvi anochinja pakuenzanisa kukoshesa, yava West rave riri rainzwika Soviet intercontinental zvombo.

In 1961. Rakaitwa "Berlin Vakavanda," izvo Khrushchev akabvunza kuvakwa rusvingo pakati East uye West Berlin. A guru Mhinduro enyika munharaunda. Mushure "Berlin dambudziko" dzakatanga mumwe, saka anonzi "Caribbean" kana "dambudziko chombo". Kennedy akaedza kubvuta Cuba, izvo USSR ndiye zveupfumi uye ikozvino rubatsiro rechiuto, ndichikutumirai zvechiuto uye michina nemakurukota, akasiyana-siyana dzokurwa. Kusanganisira zvombo pangozi US ranwa. Kennedy akabvunza kudzivisa okuyerera zvombo muna Cuba, uye Khrushchev akatora izvi zvinodiwa.

The Kennedy kupondwa kwakatungamirira kudiwa kumisa kuonana President Johnson. Asi pamusoro nokupomera Khrushchev kwakaita vakasikwa voluntarism, uye akanga arega. It akamuuraya uye vanoedza kudimburira kubatsira uye ropafadzo vashandi vehurumende. Under Khrushchev, Soviet Union kwakasimbiswa chinhu anomanikidza hurongwa Zvisinei, simbisa nheyo yaiona-murayiro hurongwa.