Ndiani Hannibal ndiani? The kunozivikanwa "baba nzira"

Hannibal Barca chinobatanidza kuti mugumo wavo basa Kumukundi uye muruzi rwayo. Zita unhu guru ichi rakombwa ngano dzakawanda uye mukufunga. Ndiani Hannibal ndiani? Uyu muenzaniso mutungamiri munguva yake. Akapinda nhoroondo yenyika sezvo chakakomba somukwikwidzi kune simba Rome, kuzorwa yaakange makore gumi nemashanu kurwa anobudirira hondo, apo kure muCarthage.

Nezvazvo akanyora Vanyori veRoma vakawanda uye kare achimiririra muvengi. Uye isu akamupa yake yakafanira ave muchiuto mutungamiriri, vane unyanzvi nemauto kazhinji pamano heroism. Kumukundi kana muruzi: Hannibal munhau aiva ani?

Aiva mwanakomana Hamilcar Barca, vakaburuka revatongi mhuri chekare Punic zvokutengeserana-Barkidy, uyo akapa nhoroondo dzakawanda enyika vakakurumbira uye vemauto. Rod akatora kwayakatangira kubva mumwe satellites pakati muvambi muCarthage - the kunozivikanwa Queen Dido. Kunyanya Impact aiva Barkidy kuSpain.

Hannibal Barca (247-183gg BC ...) - yakakurumbira nhengo genus Barkidov. Vachinzi dangwe mumhuri, akanga akaronga, maererano netsika dzekare, Carthaginians, sechibayiro kuna mwari Bhaari. Asi Hamilcar Barca unotsiva mwanakomana mwana muranda, uye Hannibal akachinjirwa Iberia uye chete makore akazotevera vakadzokera muCarthage. Akadzidziswa somuvengi rwechisikirwo pamusoro-refu nguva muvengi - Rome - uye kunyange mhiko pamberi pearitari hwose kuzorwa somukwikwidzi simba.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti baba nomwanakomana muchinangwa hondo pakati muCarthage neRoma basa rinokosha. Zvazova mhando dzinongoitika mugumo zvose rapfuura kukura Western kweMediterranean.

Hannibal akatora chikamu mune zvechiuto mishandirapamwe muSpain, dzinotungamirirwa baba vake, ari kukunda marudzi katsi. In 221 BC akanga azivisa wehondo Carthaginian. Vakarwisa muna 219, panguva Sagunto, iye chaizvoizvo wakatsamwisa Yechipiri Punic War. Muna 218 BC. e. foray ake kunyika Italy akuvadzwa vakakurirwa dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira rinonyatsooneka vavo - pana Cannes. Asi vaRoma, akabata danho, vachifamba tsamwisa muSpain uye Africa. MuCarthage akamanikidzwa kukumbira kubatsirwa kuti Hannibal. Akadana Africa, akanga akundwa pana Zama, zvakazoita kwemamiriro norugare Rome.

Munenge hapana ruzivo chairo pamusoro apo uye sei zvakawanda Hannibal mumakore mushure kusaina chesungano. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akanga mwoyo dare, kupomera nayo emauto basa kugadzirwa uye kuti akanga asina kubatikana Roma. Zvisinei, mumaziso avanhu Hannibal, zvisinei kukundwa, akaramba pakunzi gamba renyika. Sezvo chirango "mhosva" akanga asiri nemhaka zvakasimba Barkidov. Kunze muCarthage aida rechiuto mutungamiri, unogona kuchengeta neuto varwi. Yakagadzwawo sezvo soro mukuru muCarthage - Suffet. Nokuita kuchinja yavo oligarchs akakwanisa kubhadhara indemnity kuRoma.

By chiito ichi akazviitira vavengi vakawanda. Chaaipomerwa Anti-Roman pfungwa, mu wokurangana pamwe Antiochus III - King weSiriya - nechinangwa kutanga hondo neRoma. Seneti akakurudzira Hannibal kupindura, asi akanga asina pamberi Council Revakuru. Kupa mamiriro ezvinhu, mukuru zvichipomerwa nechikepe riri basa inokosha hwekwaSeleucus simba muTire.

Muna 186 BC. e. Anokwanisa vatamire Prus, kuna mambo weBhitiniya, vakazochinja vakakumbira vasunungurwe Barki. Zvichida vysluzhivayas vaRoma, akapa Hannibal. Kwete kuda kurega mumaoko muvengi, mutungamiri akatora muchetura, iyo yakaramba iri yakachengeteka divi mune mhete uye aigara naye.

Pane zvakawanda gakava: kana Barca gamba renyika, saka pane munorumbidzirweiko chikuru mukutambudzika kwake neRoma, chii nzvimbo yaro munhau ndiani Hannibal? Chokutanga akanga rechiuto shasha. Pakati vakakurumbira Nyanzvi dzezvehondo kare: Aleksandra Makedonskogo, Yuliya Tsezarya, Scipio nevamwe - vakatora nzvimbo yavo uye Hannibal. Mukuru mukuru, uyo ainzi uto wenhau Theodore Ayrault Dodge "baba nzira". Kunyange vavengi vake mhiko akakwereta zhinji zvinhu ake rechiuto art. Modern dzekare, pamwe vaRoma akabhadhara mutero ake anofambisa, mazano, ungwaru, akavimbika uye noushingi.

vanhu vashoma havana kupindura mubvunzo ndiani Hannibal. Murume ainzi yapa Zvaifadza kutya nevaRoma. Famed okuti «Hannibal pamberi portas», zvichireva «Hannibal pagedhi" akava akakurumbira mashoko muRoma. Kureva izvozvo icharira panguva kwokumukira Spartacus sezvo vane kutya uye pangozi muguta.

Hannibal - guru mutungamiri rehondo, vakanga vabatanidzwa nematambudziko uye ngozi hondo pamwe nemasoja ake. Haana Akarayira vamwe kuti vaite zvinhu zvisingagoni kuitwa munhu. Izvi chete akunda iye vaipiwa masimba pakati mauto Carthaginian, uye pakati pavarwi muvengi.

Ndicho kupfuura strategist nguva yake, akaita rakakura kukura nyika unyanzvi hondo. Kukwanisa kwaro nemazvo maitiro nemauto-enyika mamiriro ezvinhu ari, nokungwarira kuronga ubanguranyika, kufudza rwemberi mauto, wedzerai nezvigadziko, zvakadzama kudzidza yemitambo remapazi, kuona ndima refu mauto ake uye vakarumbidza ano kare.

Panobva wehondo yake vaiva mauto pasi, uye kutungamirira African vamabhiza - huru mikuru simba. The nounyanzvi kwenzvimbo, kushamisika, pazivo yakanakisisa mazano ose nemuvengi wake, chakasimba anofambisa, uye kusarudza akarova muhondo - chikuru zviri mazano ose Hannibal, kupfuura kutaurwa Hondo Cannae. Example akapoteredzwa mikuru mauto muvengi pamusoro maviri pachiuno uye zvachose korona unyanzvi hondo akava rechiuto shasha, iro zvikuru akaonga panguva vavengi vake rwechisikirwo.

Uturu rin'i ndatovhiringidza upenyu unhu chikuru munhoroondo. Gare gare, Cicero zvicharehwa shoko kuti vagari Hannibal akamudzinga, uye tine muvengi vakarumbidza ndangariro dzedu uye zvinyorwa. Uye, chokwadi, zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti zviri muzvinyorwa evaRoma uye hwaponeswa kuyeuka Hannibal Barka kuzvibereko.