Okurerutsa Attribution: kukosha pfungwa uye kushandiswa kwayo

It zvinowanzoitika kuti vanhu vanoedza kutsanangura vatorwa kana nokudenha unhu mumwe munhu, kwakavakirwa nezvavaifunga zvinhu. Kana izvi zvaitika, munhu anongoti anodudzira nemabasa ayo vavariro nenzira yakadaro sokuti akanga nayo, uye akaita.

Psychological kuzvitsinhanisa

mupfungwa kuzvitsinhanisa kuti vatambi kwakadaro kuoma zita iri zvepfungwa - zvachero Attribution. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu ane kukwana mari mashoko pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu kana pamusoro unhu kuti rinowanika mumamiriro ezvinhu, uye saka anoedza kutsanangura zvose kubva yake pfungwa maonero. Okurerutsa Attribution zvinoratidza kuti munhu "anoisa pachake panzvimbo imwe" pasina dzimwe nzira kutsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvechokwadi, akadaro dudziro vavariro Kazhinji akarasika, nokuti mumwe nomumwe anofunga nenzira yake, uye "edzai pamusoro" nzira yavo kufunga mumwe munhu zvisingaiti.

The kwaita Attribution dzidziso iri kwepfungwa

Pfungwa yokuti 'zvakwo Attribution "iri zvepfungwa akaonekwa asina kudaro kare - chete pakati remakore rechi20. Ivepo vanachiremba ake American, evanhu Harold Kelly, Frits Hayder uye Lee Ross. zvakazivikanwa kushandiswa nevakawanda pfungwa iyi kwete chete, asiwo akamuka kwake dzidziso. Vaongorori vaidavira kuti akangoverengawo Attribution kuchabatsira kuti atsanangure zvigadziriswe kwokurapa avhareji anenge chikonzero uye nomugumisiroi ukama, kana kunyange dzavo maitiro. Kana munhu akaita imwe tsika sarudzo, zvinoita kuti vamwe zviito, nguva dzose mubasa nhaurirano navo. Attribution dzidziso anoedza tsanangura kuti nhaurirano kunoitika, ndedzipi nzendo uye mugumisiro, maererano mupfungwa zvechadenga munhu. Uyu murume, nokuongorora maitiro avo, haina kuona pamwe maitiro vatorwa. Kutsanangura Zvinongoreva: womumwe mweya - rima, uye munhu pachake anoziva zviri nani.

kupatsanura pakati Attribution

Kazhinji, pfungwa dzose presupposes kuvapo zvimwe zviratidzo vanoenderana huchishanda. Saka The akangoverengawo Attribution rinoratidza kuvapo zviratidzo zviviri. The chakarurama wokutanga - raishandiswa pokuita kuti zviito vanonzi zvemagariro basa zvavaitarisira. Somuenzaniso, kana zvishoma kana pasina ruzivo kubva munhu pamusoro chairo munhu ndipo achauya uye kuti vaiwanzoti, uye mukuru achagutsikana yavo tisingatendi.

The chakarurama chechipiri - tambo mufambiro pasi kufunga wacho zvakafanana tsika uye yetsika. The zvakawanda mitemo kutyora mumwe munhu, vazhinji vachava Attribution. The chaizvo iyoyi kuti "Attribution" iri Attribution nhatu marudzi nezvedzidziso:

• pauzima (a ukama causal iri projected padenga nyaya pacharo, iro anoita chiito);
• chinhu (zvaIsau projected chinhu icho chiito ichi chinotungamirwa);
• Adverbial (zvaIsau iri kunoitwa ezvinhu).

Zvigadziriswe pakati akangoverengawo Attribution

Hazvishamisi kuti mumwe munhu anotaura pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu "kubva kunze", kwete kuita zvakananga, anotsanangura maitiro mamwe vechikamu mumamiriro ezvinhu ane oga pfungwa maonero. Kana zvakananga muchirongwa ezvinhu anofunga Adverbial Attribution, ndiko kuti, kutanga kukurukura mamiriro ezvinhu, uye chete ipapo anonzi munhu dzimwe vavariro pachedu.

Sezvo basa vechikamu munharaunda, vanhu vanowanzofunga varege vafunga pamusoro mumwe chete maererano nechitarisiko rucherechedzo. Sezvaunoziva, chitarisiko chinowanzoonekwa kutsausa. Ndokusaka zvakwo Attribution kunobatsira vanhu kuzoumba vamwe mhedziso inobva kuongorora zviito vamwe, "akapfuura" kuburikidza Sefa pakati nezvavaifunga. Chokwadi, Zvakawanikwa izvi regai hadzimbofi, nokuti hazvibviri kuti kutonga munhu mumwe chaiyo chaiyo mamiriro ezvinhu. Man - iri kunzwisisa chinoitwa kuti zviri nyore kutaura nezvazvo.

Sei akangoverengawo Attribution - hakuna kunaka nguva dzose

Kune mienzaniso yakawanda iri mabhuku uye cinematography apo vaitambira Attribution zvikanganiso kukuparadzwa kwevanhu upenyu. A wakanaka chaizvo muenzaniso - firimu "Rudzikinuro", apo zvishoma huru unhu anowana mumwe hunhu, chete kuvimba zvaidiwa hwomwana maonero avo ezvinhu. Somugumisiro, upenyu vanhu vazhinji vari kuparara nokuti chinhu kunzwisiswa. Fungidzira zvinokonzera, izvo taifunga tiri kakawanda zvakaipa, saka kutaura navo sezvo chokwadi chaicho kumbobvira zvinogona, kunyange kana pachiita sokuti hapana mubvunzo haagoni kuva. Kana tisingakwanisi zvokufungidzira kunyange munyika yake yomukati, kutaura chinhu pamusoro nyika mumwe munhu womukati? Tinofanira kuedza kuongorora zvazvisingarambiki chokwadi, kwete dzavo kufungidzira uye mubvunzo.