Nokuti akapisa Giordano Bruno? Huru pfungwa, zvinyorwa, zvakawanikwa

Pane pakawanda maonero pamusoro zvakatsva Giordano Bruno. Mugore vakawanda kuziva shure kwake midzi mufananidzo womumwe murume akanga akaurayiwa nokuda achidzivirira ake heliocentric dzidziso. Zvisinei, kana mamwe Kutarira Biography uye mabasa anofunga ichi, uchaona kuti dzinopesana dzaro yeRoma yaiva zvikuru rechitendero pane nesayenzi.

Biography of anofunga

Pamberi ngaakuitirei, yaakanga akapisa Giordano Bruno, unofanira kufunga nzira yaro muupenyu. Muzivi ramangwana akaberekwa muna 1548 muItaly, pedyo Naples. Muguta rino, jaya akava mumongi pane munharaunda wemamongi St. Dominic. All ake upenyu hwake hwechitendero tsvakurudzo vakauya pamwe tsvakurudzo. Nokufamba kwenguva, Bruno akanga mumwe wevarume vakadzidza zvikuru nguva yake. Kunyange kuva mwana akadzidza pfungwa, mabhuku, uye dialectic.

At 24, mukomana Dominican akava muprista. Zvisinei, upenyu Giordano Bruno kwenguva refu vakasonganira basa mukereke. Kamwe akatorwa achiverenga mabhuku yemamongi. Ipapo Dominican akatizira pakutanga kuRoma, ipapo kuchamhembe kweItaly, uye ipapo chose kunze kwenyika. Paiva pfupi kudzidza paYunivhesiti Geneva, asi pane Bruno akadzingwa vachipomerwa dzinotsaudza. Anofunga aiva kuongorora pfungwa. In hwavo hwepachena kuonekwa pa nharo aiwanzoenda mhiri dzidziso yechiKristu, kwete chibvumirano pamwe vakawanda vaibvuma dzidziso.

mabasa nesayenzi

Muna 1580, Bruno akatamira France. Akadzidzisa munyika guru yunivhesiti - the Sorbonne. Ipapo rakaonekwawo wokutanga kudhindwa mabasa Giordano Bruno. Books anofunga pfungwa mnemonics - unyanzvi kuyeuka. muzivi French akacherechedza Korol Genrih III. Aiva patronage of Italian, tichikokera naye kudare uye kupa ose anodiwa nokushanda ezvinhu.

Kuti Henry zvakabatsira mudziyo Bruno muna Chirungu pa Oxford University, apo akazotamira pazera makore 35. MuLondon muna 1584 anofunga akabudisa rimwe remabhuku ake anokosha "Pazuva zvisingaperi zvakasikwa uye nyika." Masayendisiti refu akadzidza muchadenga nzvimbo nyaya mudziyo. Magumo nyika, akataura pamusoro mubhuku rake rinonzi, zvinopesana zvachose kugamuchirwa ipapo maonero.

The Italian aiva mutsigiri dzidziso Nikolaya Kopernika - mumwe "chinhu", yaakanga akapisa Giordano Bruno. Chaizvoizvo Its (heliocentrism) ndechokuti vari pakati yemapuraneti ino ndiye zuva, uye mapuraneti dzitendererane nayo. Church nemaonero pamusoro nyaya iyi yakanga zvakanyatsosiyana. MaKatorike vanodavira kuti Pasi ari pakati, uye zvose miviri pamwechete Sun uchifamba yakapoteredza (geocentricism ichi). Bruno waitsigira Copernican pfungwa muLondon, kusanganisira panguva youmambo dare Elizabeth I. Vatsigiri Italian uye havana kuwana. Kunyange Shakespeare, mumwe munyori uye muzivi Bacon haana kutsigira maonero ake.

Kudzokera kuItaly

Kwapera makore mashomanana muEngland, Bruno akaenda Europe (kunyanya Germany). With Kugara basa akanga zvakasimba, nokuti mumayunivhesiti vanowanzoshamiswa kutya kutora Italian nokuti pfungwa yake kukuru. Nemudzungairi akaedza kugadzirisa muCzech Republic. Asi muPrague, akanga asiri kufara. Pakupedzisira, muna 1591 imwe anofunga akasarudza ukashinga. Akadzokera Italy, kutaura zvazviri muna Venice, apo akakokwa aristocrat Giovanni Mocenigo. The Jaya akatanga kubhadhara richimubhadhara nokuda Bruno zvidzidzo mnemonics.

Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, ukama mushandirwi uye anofunga neshungu. In pachedu Kukurukurirana akapwisa Bruno Mocenigo kuti pane magumo nyika, zuva riri nechepakati nyika, uye zvichingodaro. D. Asi rakatokura chikanganiso akaita muzivi, paakatanga kurukura pamwe revatongi chitendero. Kubva kukurukurirana izvi, unogona kunzwisisa nei Vakapisa Giordano Bruno.

The Muchuchisi wacho Bruno

Muna 1592 Mocenigo akatuma okushora akawanda Venetian inquisitors, umo iye akarondedzera pfungwa noushingi yaimbova Dominican. Giovanni Bruno vakanyunyuta kuti Jesu aiva zvemashiripiti, uye akaedza kunzvenga rufu rwake, uye haana kumuwana kuurayirwa, sezvinorondedzerwa Gospel. Zvakare, anofunga, akataura kuti hazvibviri mubairo wechivi, uye uori hunoitwa mukuberekwazve rokuItari mamongi. Vachiramba dzidziso dzechiKristu pamusoro huMwari Kristu, mhandara kubereka, Utatu, uye zvichingodaro. E., Zvakava hakudzivisiki muvengi apika nekereke.

Bruno paaitaura Mocenigo akataura chido kuumba ake kwouzivi uye chitendero dzidziso pachake "uzivi idzva." Bhuku vemanyepo pfungwa yakataurwa Italian, akanga zvokuti inquisitors pakarepo kuongorora. Bruno akasungwa. Iye mujeri uye pakubvunzurudzwa makore anopfuura manomwe. Wakakodzera neprobivaemosti muhedheni, akatamisirwako kuRoma. Asi kunyange ipapo, akaramba mupfungwa. February 17, 1600 akanga akapisirwa padanda padare kuti Flowers muRoma. Anofunga haana kukanda mapfumo zvavanofunga. Uyezve, akati kuti kupisa hazvirevi kuti ndeyenhema dzidziso yake. Nhasi panzvimbo kuurayiwa ndiyo shongwe Bruno akagadza ipapo kuguma XIX remakore.

zvinodavirwa muchitendero

Ichiita mabasa akawanda musayendisiti Giordano Bruno zastragivalo kusayenzi uye nokutenda. Kana muzivi vakadzokera Italy, akaona pachake muparidzi reformed chitendero. Hwaro zvaifanira kuenda ruzivo chaizvo rwesayenzi. Kubatana uku inotsanangura kuvapo mumabhuku Bruno somunhu kufunga uye anotaura zvitendwa.

Chokwadi, muzivi, akagadzira dzidziso yake hakungoerekani kwaitika. muzvinhu zvakawanda pfungwa Dzhordano Bruno kwaibva zvakanyorwa vamutangira dzakawanda, kusanganisira vaya vakararama munguva dzekare. An chinokosha hwaro nokuti Dominican yakanga yakakura vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza. Ichi chikoro yekare uzivi akadzidzisa nzira rakavanzika-nzwisisa yokunzwisisa nyika, pfungwa uye zvichingodaro. D. The anofunga akatora pamusoro kubva pfungwa yake zvenyika-mweya, nokudzinga zvose zvakasikwa uye kutanga rimwe ari.

Bruno zvakare akavimba Pythagorean. Dzidziso iyi kwouzivi-vechitendero kwaibva papfungwa wezvose sechinhu harmonic gadziriro, omurume mitemo kusanganiswa. Vateveri vake yekudyidzana uchiumba Kabbalah uye dzimwe tsika rakavanzika.

zvitendero Religious

Pazvese, Anti-zvevafundisi maonero Giordano Bruno hazvirevi kuti akanga asingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari. Mukupesana, rokuItari akaramba mutendi, asi pfungwa dzake Mwari akanga akasiyana chaizvo kubva Catholic nevanhu. Somuenzaniso, asati kuurayiwa akanga atova akagadzirira kufa Bruno akati kuti aizoenda zvakananga musiki.

Kuti anofunga kuzvipira kwake heliocentrism haana chiratidzo kuramba chitendero. With dzidziso iyi, Bruno akaratidza chokwadi pfungwa dzake Pythagorean, asi haana kuramba kuti Mwari aripo. Ndizvo heliocentrism akava mhando yomunhu kwemasvomhu nzira kutsivira uye kukudziridza muuzivi musayendisiti.

Hermeticism

Chimwe chinokosha tsime zvokufuridzirwa aiva Bruno Hermetic uzivi. Dzidziso iyi akazviratidza mukupera kare, kana Mediterranean akasangana ichatonga zvine mbiri yayo echiGiriki. Hwaro pfungwa magwaro ekare aiva, maererano netsika chakaiswa Hermes Trismegistus.

Dzidziso zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvokuongorora nyeredzi, mashiripiti uye alchemy. Esoteric uye asinganzwisisiki hunhu Hermetic uzivi anoororwa chaizvo Dzhordano Bruno. vekare chakanga chagara kare, asi zvakanga panguva Renaissance muEurope, paiva mufashoni yakadaro yokudzidza imwe uye reinterpretation anopa yekare. Zvinokosha kuti mumwe vaongorori Heritage Bruno Frensis Yeyts akadana kwaari "Renaissance sherekete."

cosmology

Panguva Renaissance, paiva tsvakurudzo zvishoma, uongorore zvakare kwazvo cosmology uye maumbirwo zvakasikwa, kufanana Giordano Bruno. Kuvhura nyanzvi panyaya iyi yakataurwa basa "Pazuva nemufaro uye incalculable", "On the magumo, zvakasikwa uye nyika" uye "Hurukuro yokusiyirana mumadota." Ideas pamusoro dzinongoitika uzivi uye cosmology, Bruno akava echimurenga vomuzuva, ndokusaka havana kumbotora. Anofunga akatanga kubva dzidziso Nikolaya Kopernika, supplementing uye tichikwanisa nayo. The chikuru zvichemo zviri cosmological ainzi akanga sezvinotevera - zvose magumo nyeredzi kure - analogs pano zuva, zviri muchadenga chete hurongwa pamwe chete nomucheka. The yakakurumbira pfungwa Bruno akanga dzidziso yacho heliocentric pfungwa, kunyange zvazvo anga zvairatidza Pole Copernicus.

In cosmology, uyewo chitendero, musayendisiti wokuItaly kwakavakirwa kwete chete pane zvinhu dzesayenzi. Akakumbira mashiripiti uye esoteric. Naizvozvo, vamwe zvichemo zvake vasagamuchirwe nesainzi mune ramangwana. Somuenzaniso, Bruno aidavira kuti nyaya zvose zviri vataure. Kutsvakurudza Modern rinoramba pfungwa iyi.

Uyewo, kuti aratidze chinyorwa chake Bruno vachiwanzoshandisa kufunga. Somuenzaniso, zviri chaizvo pachena nharo wake vatsigiri dzidziso yacho kutadza kufamba Nyika (kureva geocentrism). nharo yake anofunga kwakaguma mubhuku "mutambo pamusoro madota." Vanyori kutadza kufamba Earth kazhinji akatsoropodza Bruno kushandisa muenzaniso ibwe zvikanyauka refu shongwe. Kana mapuraneti Anoisa zuva uye haana mira, kuwira muviri raizoparadzwa kwete ikarurama, uye vashoma kumwe.

Achipindura izvi, Bruno akapa nharo ake. Akatsigira pfungwa dzake nenzira muenzaniso uri muchikepe kufamba. Vanhu vachisvetuka mungarava, achiwana pamusoro chete panzvimbo. Kana Earth vaiva mira, ipapo chikepe angadai zvisingabviri. Saka vaifunga Bruno, kutama nyika runokukura zvose kuti mairi. Izvi tsamba nharo nevanoshora ake mumapeji rimwe remabhuku ake, rokuItari anofunga pakunyatsomuziva pedyo dzidziso relativity akagadzira pedyo Einstein ari XX remakore.

Chimwe chinokosha varehwa Bruno, aiva Pfungwa homogeneity kwenyaya uye nzvimbo. Scientist akanyora kuti, pamusoro maererano ichi, tinogona kufunga kuti chero chokunze pemvura muviri, zvose vachatarira pamusoro chete. Mukuwedzera, rokuItari muzivi cosmology verenga pamusoro nokushanda mitemo mukuru munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana zviripo nyika zvakananga.

Mugumisiro cosmological Bruno kuti sayenzi ramangwana

Research Bruno nguva vaenda ruoko yayo yakakura maonero dzidziso, tsika, metaphysics, aesthetics uye zvichingodaro. D. Pamusana peizvi, rokuItari shanduro cosmological vakazara madimikira, dzimwe nguva zvinonzwisisika chete kune munyori. mabasa ake kunge nyaya kutsvakurudza munyaya, haagumiri nhasi.

Bruno rokutanga akataura kuti zvose magumo, uye pane haaperi uwandu nyika. pfungwa Izvi zvinopesana Aristotle kuti hurongwa. Italian vanowanzokoshesa mberi pfungwa dzavo chete yokungotaura chimiro, sezvo panguva yake ndisina hwokugadzira nzira anokwanisa kuzosimbisa kufembera musayendisiti. Zvisinei, sayenzi yemazuva yave zvaangagutsa maburi izvi. Kuputika dzidziso zvakasikwa uye rusingaperi kukura akasimbisa pfungwa Bruno pashure mashomanana emakore pashure echipiriso padanda pakati anofunga.

The musayendisiti akasiya Kuongororwa mishumo kudonha miviri. date ake rava chinodiwa kuti chidzoke sayenzi musimboti inertia, wakatangwa na Galileo Galilei. Bruno, mumwe nzira kana imwe, zvakakanganisa zvesayenzi chimurenga yacho XVII remakore. Mumazuva iwayo, vanotsvakurudza vanowanzoshandisa basa rake somunhu kutsigira zvinhu nokuda nomination yavowo dzidziso. Kukosha Dominican anoshanda atova dzazvino akasimbisa muzivi wokuGermany uye mumwe havaoni ari musoro positivists Moritz Schlick.

The kutsoropodzwa dzidziso Mutsvene Trinity

Hapana mubvunzo kuti nhoroondo Giordano Bruno akanga mumwe muenzaniso murume akatora pachake kuti mesiya asi. Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti akanga achienda kutanga chitendero yake. Uyezve, kutenda muna yakakwirira basa haana kubvumira Italian kusiya zvavanotenda mumakore akawanda abvunzurudzwe. Dzimwe nguva kukurukura pamwe inquisitors aiwanzoda kuwirirana, asi panguva yokupedzisira zvakare akatanga kuomerera.

Bruno pachake akapa mamwe ivhu kuti kupomerwa nhema. Akati iye anotenda dzidziso yenhema yoUtatu iri rimwe kubvunzurudza. Waitirwa Raibvunzurudza kukakavadzana nzvimbo yavo tichibatsirwa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana. anofunga kubvunzurudzwa zvinyorwa zvakachengetedzwa kwaro yepakutanga chimiro, saka nhasi zvinokwanisika kuongorora kuti hurongwa yakatanga pfungwa Bruno. Saka, rokuItari akati kuti mubhuku St. Augustine rinoti rokuti Holy Trinity haana kuuya vhangeri nguva, uye atova nenguva yake. Kubva musi uyu, ari kupomerwa vakatenda yose dzidziso nhema uye falsification.

A uraya sayenzi kana kutenda?

Chinokosha ndechokuti rufu mutongo Bruno hapana panotaurwa kuti heliocentric ezvinhu munyika. Gwaro rinoti mukoma Giovan inoparadzirwa vemanyepo chitendero. Izvi zvinopesana zvakajairika uchenjeri, iyo inotaura kuti Bruno akatamburira zvaanotenda yesayenzi. Kutaura zvazviri, chechi yaiva kwazvo kushorwa kubva muzivi nedzidziso dzechiKristu. Pfungwa yake nzvimbo Zuva Nyika pamusoro kumashure ichi kuti akava zvechihwana prank.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti zvinyorwa regai kutaura zvakananga pamusoro chii vaiva vemanyepo zvichemo Bruno. Izvi akabvumira kare kufunga kuti zvinyorwa zvizere vave vakarasika kana nemaune kuparadzwa. Nhasi, muverengi anogona kutonga hunhu kupomerwa aimbova mumongi wechipiri kuchengetedzeka chete (kwokupa mhosva Mocenigo, zvaisungwa protocols, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Kunyanya dzinonakidza mune dzino chinhu Caspar Schoppe. Yaiva wechechi yeRoma, vakapinda chiziviso revanyengeri mutongo. Mutsamba yake akataura chikuru dzomunhu dare kuti Bruno. Pavake ataurwa pamusoro ringava pfungwa kuti Mosesi aiva zvemashiripiti, uye vaJudha chete vakabva pana Adhamu naEvha. Vamwe vanhu, akakurudzira muzivi, vakasvika kuonga vamwe vanhu vaviri akasikwa naMwari kuti zuva rimwe vaviri kubva mubindu reEdheni. Bruno akashanda mashiripiti akarumbidza uye vaiona nayo anobatsira. In aya zvave kamwe zvakare vakachengeta kuomerera pfungwa Hermetic yekare.

Hazvina yokufananidzira kuti kare ano Roman Catholic Church akaramba hwokufungazve nyaya Dzhordano Bruno. Kwemakore anopfuura 400 pashure pokufa munhu anofunga pontiffs uye haana kusangana naye, kunyange zvazvo imwe chaakaitirwa zhinji vatsauki kare.