Ontology - dzidziso kwouzivi avo aripo

Ontology - a Kubvunzisisa kwouzivi kupinda hunhu chokuvapo, kuva chokwadi, dzinokosha Mapato ari vavo ukama. Pachivanhu zvinonzi sechinhu chikamu indasitiri kwouzivi akadai metaphysics. Ontology paine nyaya dziripo, uye sei masangano aya anogona dzikarongwa maererano rwakafanana akanyatsorongwa, vakakamura sezvavakanga kufanana uye kusiyana. Kuwedzera chinokosha ontology pakubata mitemo nokudenga upenyu, kune vazhinji Sub-zvikamu, une vavariro yaro chaiwo mananara (semuenzaniso, ontology tsika).

Shoko "ontology" rinoumbwa echiGiriki midzi "Ontos", iro rinoreva "zvinhu; chii "uye" Logos ", kureva "Science, dzidziso, kutsvakurudza." Uye kunyange zvazvo zviri chiGiriki mavambo, kutaurwa mashoko okutanga anowanikwa mumagwaro akanyorwa Latin. In Chirungu zvinoratidzika muduramanzwi Natanielya Beyli muna 1721, iro rinorondedzerwa se "tsanangudzo husingaoneki kuvapo." Izvi, chokwadi, zvinopupurira kuti panguva shoko akanga atova kushandiswa.

In analytic Uzivi ontology - dzidziso, iri mubasa kuziva chinokosha Mapato yokuva uye anobvunza, "kuvapo" Mupfungwa ipi chinobatanidza muchikwata ichi. Kudzidza uku zvainanga kuva oga, asina chinangwa kuwana Somuenzaniso, mumwe nomumwe zvivako uye mashoko chokuita zvimwe masangano.

Kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko ontology, vamwe vazivi, kunyanya Platonists, akaramba kuti mazita ose (kusanganisira Abstract emazita) kureva huripo pasi chaizvoizvo. Other vazivi akapikisa ichi nokudzikisira nemaonero kuti emazita havasi chokuita nezvisikwa asi vamwe vavo achireva nezve boka akafanana zvinhu kana zvakavapo. Maererano nezvichangobva kubuda, pfungwa, pane achinongedzera zvinhu, rinoreva boka chepfungwa mananara, ruzivo munhu. Saka, shoko rokuti "vanhu," riri chokuita seboka mufananidzo vanhu vane zvimwe unhu, asi shoko "geometry" rine chokuita zvakananga rezvedzidzo basa.

Pakati mwero izvi, rinomirira realism uye nominalism, pane dzimwe pfungwa dzinoverengeka maonero, asi chero ontology - ari sainzi, iyo inofanira kupa pfungwa chii pfungwa anotaura chokwadi, chii - kwete, nokuti chikonzero uye chii Mapato tine somugumisiro chii. Kana yakafanana kudzidza kunosanganisira pfungwa akaita nzvimbo, nguva, chikonzero, mufaro, kuonana, simba uye uMwari, ontology anova inokosha pachinhu mapazi akawanda youzivi.

Saka, imwe ontology - dzidziso kwouzivi, nhungamiro ndechokuti dambudziko yokuva sezvo vakadaro. Chii ari uye chii chinogona kunzi aivapo? Ndinogona kuganhura zvinhu muzvikamu, uye kana zvakadaro, chii? Chii chinorehwa upenyu, kukosha zvinhu? Various nevafungi yose nhoroondo uzivi kupa mhinduro yakasiyana kumibvunzo iyi, izvo zvinogona kuratidza hunhu panguva kana tsika.